Polycystina - Entactinaria - Entactiniidae
Synonym: Spongentactiniidae Nazarov 1975
Parent taxon: Entactinaria according to P. Noble et al. 2017
See also Aitchison et al. 1999, De Wever et al. 2001, Feng et al. 2004, Takahashi and Miyake 2014 and Wang et al. 2003
Sister taxa: Braginella, Centrocubidae, Cyclocarpus, Ellisus, Eptingiidae, Haplentactiniidae, Helioentactinia, Heptacladidae, Hexalonchidae, Hexastylidae, Hindeosphaeridae, Hollandocachoniidae, Inaniguttidae, Isometractiniidae, Kahlerosphaera, Kungalariidae, Multiarcusellidae, Odoghertitidae, Palaeolithocycliidae, Palaeoscenidiidae, Paleoxiphosphaera, Pentactinocarpidae, Polyentactiniidae, Protoentactiniacea, Proventocitidae, Pylentonemidae, Quinquecapsulariidae, Radium, Rhizosphaeridae, Saturnalidae, Spongosaturnaloididae, Tetrentactiniidae, Thalassothamnidae, Triumbraculidae
Subtaxa: Afanasievella Apophysiactinia Astroentactiniinae Bientactinosphaerinae Borisella Callela Cancellosphaera Costaentactinia Cubaxonium Duodecimentactinia Entactiniinae Entactinosphaera Fenestrula Gracilentactinia Hegleria Holdisphaera Involutentactinia Kashiwara Klaengspongus Lententactinia Magnentactinia Magnisphaera Megaporus Microporosa Moskovistella Multientactinia Munzuwonella Oruatemanua Paracopicyntra Paratriposphaera Perforentactinia Plenoentactinia Plenosphaera Pluristratoentactinia Polyedroentactinia Provisocyntra Radiobisphaera Retentactinia Retisphaera Shinkaiera Sinosphaera Spongentactinia Stigmosphaerostylus Stygmosphaerostylus Tardentactinia Trilonche Uberinterna Wuyia
Ecology: passively mobile planktonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Cretaceous of the Philippines (1 collection)
• Jurassic of Germany (1), Japan (4), United States (2: Oregon)
• Triassic of Austria (1), Canada (41: British Columbia), China (11), Cyprus (1), Hungary (1), Japan (22), New Zealand (13), Thailand (10), Turkey (1), Vietnam (3)
• Leonard of United States (3: Alaska, Oregon)
• Permian of China (75), Italy (1), Japan (110), Malaysia (3), the Russian Federation (1), Thailand (31), United States (7: Oregon)
• Carboniferous of Germany (5), Mexico (3), Thailand (4), United States (2: Alaska)
• Devonian of Australia (9), China (6), the Russian Federation (4), United States (3: Ohio)
• Ordovician of the Russian Federation (2), United States (1: Nevada)
• Llandeilo of Kazakhstan (1)
Total: 383 collections including 1105 occurrences