Mammalia - Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Parent taxon: Plesiometacarpalia according to A. Hassanin and E. J. P. Douzery 2003
See also Grubb 2000 and McKenna and Bell 1997
Sister taxon: Muntiacini
Subtaxa: Axis Bohlinella Cervus Dama Elaphurus Panolia Rucervus Rusa
Ecology: ground dwelling grazer-browser
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Argentina (1 collection), Austria (1), Belgium (1), Bolivia (1), Brazil (4), Bulgaria (1), Canada (6: Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon), China (28), Croatia (1), the Czech Republic (2), France (24), Georgia (1), Germany (21), Greece (30), Hungary (10), India (2), Indonesia (6), Israel (8), Italy (48), Japan (9), Kyrgyzstan (2), Malta (1), Mexico (1), Monaco (7), the Netherlands (7), North Atlantic (1), Pakistan (1), Peru (1), the Philippines (1), Portugal (4), Romania (3), the Russian Federation (4), Slovakia (1), Spain (33), Taiwan (5), Tajikistan (1), Thailand (4), Turkey (4), Turkmenistan (1), the United Kingdom (18), United States (56: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michiagn, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Uzbekistan (1), Vietnam (2)
• Blancan of United States (1: California)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Bulgaria (1), China (1), France (3), Greece (1), India (1), Italy (2), Nepal (1), Pakistan (1), Spain (1), Tajikistan (1), Turkey (1)
• Pliocene of Azerbaijan (1), China (2), France (1), Georgia (1), Greece (1), Hungary (4), India (3), Italy (3), Japan (2), Moldova (2), the Netherlands (1), Poland (1), Romania (3), the Russian Federation (2), Spain (2), Tajikistan (2), Turkmenistan (1), Ukraine (6)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Pakistan (1)
• Neogene of Italy (1), Taiwan (8)
• Miocene of China (2), Moldova (2)
Total: 431 collections including 577 occurrences