Parent taxon: Problematica according to R. Riding 1993
See also Kiessling 2003
Sister taxa: Acanthoclava, Acanthosphaera, Acidotocarena, Acutitheca, Aksuglobulus, Amoebinella, Ampelitocystis, Amphoridium, Ancienta, Andobolus, Animikiea, Anzalia, Archaeooides, Archaeopetasus, Archaeotremaria, Archaeozoon, Aristophycus, Arthroon, Artimyctella, Ascosyrinx, Aspidella, Astropolithon, Aurisella, Babetosphaera, Bactryllium, Bavlinella, Beltania, Beltina, Bensonia, Biconulites, Bicornifera, Bioistodina, Blastophycus, Bolonia, Bosworthia, Botomaella, Bovicornellum, Boyarinovicyathidae, Caelestites, Calciphyton, Calcisphaera, Cambrocassis, Cambroclavida, Cambrogeorgina, Cambrotrypa, Caudomorpha, Caveacus, Cestites, Chalasiocranos, Charaussaia, Chondropogon, Clausisphaera, Clavitella, Cochleatina, Coeloscleritophora, Coleolidae, Coleoloida, Coleoloides, Cristatodus, Cupithecidae, Cyclogeorgina, Cycloites, Cyrtochites, Deccanosporium, Dentachites, Dictyophycus, Dimorphoconus, Dinocardia, Dinomischus, Dolichomocelypha, Draffania, Dvinia, Dystachophycus, Ebriella, Ebrinula, Ediacaria, Emeithella, Emmonsaspis, Enchostoma, Entosphaeroides, Eocucumaria, Eoescharopora, Eoglobella, Eophyton, Eosphaera, Etacystis, Eumuensteria, Eurysolenpora, Fensiangia, Fermoria, Flabetheca, Foerstia, Foliaceria, Fomitchella, Forchhammera, Fusuconcharium, Gigartinites, Globuloella, Gochtia, Gorlovella, Granifer, Greysonia, Gunflintia, Gymnosolen, Hadrophycus, Haliserides, Harttites, Heliophycus, Henaniodus, Hensonella, Heosomocelypha, Heterosculpotheca, Hexagonaria, Himanthalites, Huangshandongella, Huishea, Huizenodus, Humboldtochaeta, Huroniospora, Hydrocytium, Hyphantaenia, Indocera, Isnella, Itieria, Jiangshanodus, Kakabekia, Kazakhstanotubulus, Kelyphosphaera, Kiehnensus, Kinsabia, Koksodus, Korilacus, Krishnania, Labyrinthotuba, Labyrinthus, Ladinella, Lascoa, Lenaella, Leptophycus, Leveilleites, Lianophycus, Libodiscus, Licrophycus, Lithostachys, Lochmophycus, Lonchosaccus, Lukatiella, Mabiania, Mamillodus, Manchuriophycus, Maritimella, Martjanowskia, Mawsonella, Medusinites, Megasphaera, Meghystrichosphaeridium, Melopetasus, Microancientia, Microphycus, Micropylepora, Microschedia, Minjaria, Miratheca, Mitscherlichia, Mobergellidae, Mongoliacus, Mongolitesta, Muensteria, Myxomycites, Nemaphycus, Nematophycus, Nereograpsus, Netrelytron, Newlandia, Nicolarites, Nimbia, Ningqiangsclerites, Niphadus, Palaeobotryllus, Palaeobromelia, Palaeorivularia, Palhistiodinia, Papillomembrana, Parammodochium, Pararchaeomonas, Pararenicola, Parmites, Paropsonemidae, Parvulonoda, Perichoderma, Phyllochiton, Pilievicutis, Pitella, Platydendron, Plexoramea, Plicatolingula, Plinthokonion, Poludia, Polycuppes, Polygonosphaerites, Polysiphonides, Polysiphonidia, Poratites, Porocystis, Portalia, Portelia, Praearenaria, Pragmotheca, Proarchaeocyathus, Problematikum, Protoarenicola, Protobolus, Protopterygotheca, Psamathopalass, Pseudokussiella, Pteromidae, Pterpmus, Ptiloncodus, Punctatus, Pyrgites, Pyxolithus, Quadratapora, Quadrorites, Radiaxialia, Radiocyatha, Radiomura, Radix, Redkinia, Redoubtia, Resegia, Reticulum, Rhagnura, Rotadiscidae, Rugatotheca, Sagittitheca, Salanacus, Scambocris, Schodackia, Scissotheca, Scolithus, Selenoplax, Seletinicus, Shetlandia, Shinteinella, Siphonema, Solenotia, Sphenopteron, Spinoceras, Spiralella, Spirangium, Spongillopsis, Sporocystis, Spriggia, Stefania, Stictoconus, Stoibostrombidae, Sutivania, Taitia, Taonurus, Tayshira, Tchangsichiton, Theobaldia, Tintinnoidella, Tommotitubulus, Trachyrytidodiacrodium, Trachyzonodiacrodium, Tridia, Tubigeorgina, Tubulella, Tumulduria, Tungussia, Tunudiscus, Turuchania, Tuvinia, Vermiculites, Wushicites, Yangtzesclerites, Yuliunia, Yunnanodus, Zoogleites
Subtaxa: Shamovella obscura
Ecology: stationary epifaunal
Distribution:
• Eocene of Egypt (1 collection)
• Jurassic of Morocco (2), Tunisia (1)
• Triassic of Austria (20), Germany (3), Greece (5), Italy (21), Malaysia (1), Slovakia (5), Slovenia (4), Thailand (1), Turkey (3)
• Permian of China (15), Croatia (2), Greece (2), Indonesia (3), Italy (2), Japan (1), Malaysia (1), Oman (10), the Russian Federation (1), Slovenia (4), Tajikistan (15), Thailand (1), Tunisia (3), Turkey (15), United States (2: Kansas, New Mexico)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Turkey (1)
• Carboniferous of Australia (1), Austria (1), China (2), Spain (1), Turkey (2), United States (13: Iowa, Kansas, Missouri)
Total: 165 collections including 167 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.