Demospongiae - Protomonaxonida
Full reference: R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004. Porifera (revised) (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology E revised(3):1-872
Parent taxon: Clavaxinellida according to R. M. Finks et al. 2004
See also Rigby and von Bitter 2005
Sister taxon: Clavulina
Subtaxa: Choiidae Halichondritidae Hamptoniidae Hazeliidae Heliospongiidae Leptomitidae Lobatospongia Mahalospongiidae Piraniidae Sinospongiidae Sollasellidae Takakkawiidae Tethyidae Ulospongiellidae Wapkiidae
Ecology: stationary intermediate-level epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (3: Ontario collections)
• Miocene of Portugal (1)
• Eocene of Spain (1)
• Cretaceous of Germany (3), the Russian Federation (2)
• Jurassic of Germany (1), the Russian Federation (1)
• Triassic of United States (2: Idaho, Nevada)
• Permian of China (8), Greece (1), Italy (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Tunisia (8), United States (43: New Mexico, Texas, Utah)
• Carboniferous of Spain (3), the United Kingdom (2), United States (10: Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, New Mexico, Texas)
• Devonian of Australia (1), the Czech Republic (7), Germany (1), United States (3: Tennessee)
• Silurian of Canada (2: British Columbia)
• Ordovician of Canada (1: Manitoba), Morocco (2), the United Kingdom (6)
• Delamaran of Canada (40: British Columbia), United States (1: Utah)
• Cambrian of Australia (1), Canada (8: Brithish Columbia, British Columbia), China (39), Greenland (4), Iran (1), the Russian Federation (2), Spain (4), United States (20: Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont)
• Ediacaran of China (1)
Total: 235 collections including 521 occurrences