Parent taxon: Gastropoda according to L. Marincovich 1988
See also Addicott 1970, Givens and Kennedy 1976, Grant, IV and Gale 1931, Harris and Palmer 1947 and Hickman 1980
Sister taxa: Achatina, Acteonoidea, Admetidae, Alamirifica, Alectrionidae, Amalthea, Amphigastropoda, Archaeobranchia, Architectonicidae, Auroraella, Beekmanoceras, Bellerophontida, Brachycerithium, Briardia, Bucardites, Buccinites, Bulimella, Bulimulidae, Bulimus, Bullaea, Caenogastropoda, Capulus sellardsi, Catubrina, Cavolinioidea, Chartrionella, Chippewaella, Chlathrus, Chrysodomidae, Chuchleconus, Cithna, Cocculiniformia, Cyclostoma, Deroceras, Dextrobranchia, Dicathais, Dicosmus, Doliidae, Dorcasiidae, Elmira, Eogastropoda, Eunerinea, Fruiticicoiidae, Galeodea schencki, Galericulus, Geinitzia, Geinitzia carinata, Globulitopa, Gordenella, Gryphellina, Gundlachia, Hecatastoma, Helicarionoidea, Helicidae, Helicites, Helictes, Helminthoglyptidae, Holopea incola, Holyneconcha, Hyalaea, Hyalinia, Hyrcania, Isaea, Iteria, Jeffreysia, Juliidae, Liris, Lovonemetrida, Luoguella, Luoguispira, Lymnaea, Lysechinus, Lysechinus incongruens, Mahajangina, Mathildidae, Microceras, Microcochlis, Mitrularia, Monotigma, Neomphaliones, Nerinea, Neritaemorpha, Neritimorpha, Neritites, Notodelphinula, Opisthobranchiata, Opisthonematidae, Orthogastropoda, Patellogastropoda, Patelloidea, Pectinibranchia, Pejona, Peraubium, Permoplanorboidea, Phorus, Pitonnellus, Planorboidea, Platyostomella, Platystoma, Plectopyloidea, Pleurotomaria verticillata, Pleurotomaria verticillata, Pleurotomaria viola, Plicatusidae, Polygyridae, Pragoserpulinidae, Prasinidae, Prosobranchia, Pseudobrochidium, Pseudotylostoma, Ptenoglossa, Pteronotus, Pteropoda, Pulmonata, Pupillacea, Pyramidellidae, Pythia, Rhytidopilidae, Rotellina, Rugoplanorboidella, Scalariidae, Serpulopsis, Spiraxidae, Spirgvaleia, Streptoneura, Stuorilda, Subulinidae, Suprazonalia, Taeniodomus, Thatcheriidae, Tirolthilda, Tornatella, Tortifusus, Toxonema, Tripartella, Trochifusus, Trochiletes, Trochopsis, Trochotremaria, Trochulus, Turbo guadalupensis, Turbo texana, Urocoptidae, Valvata, Vespertilio, Vetigastropoda, Wellingtonia, Zlichovia
Subtaxa: Macron Neptunea Tyrannoberingius
Ecology: epifaunal
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (3: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec collections), Greenland (1), Ireland (1), Italy (1), Mexico (3), the United Kingdom (4), United States (60: Alaska, California, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Oregon)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of United States (3: California, Oregon)
• Pliocene of Belgium (3), Chile (2), Italy (1), Japan (8), the United Kingdom (2), United States (17: Alaska, California, Oregon)
• Miocene to Pliocene of United States (1: California)
• Miocene of Chile (2), Italy (4), Japan (8), Mexico (2), Romania (1), United States (17: Alaska, California)
• Oligocene of Denmark (1), France (9), Japan (10), United States (6: Alaska, Washington)
• Eocene of Antarctica (1), Japan (2), the Russian Federation (2), United States (9: Oregon)
• Paleocene of Greenland (3), United States (6: California, Texas)
• Cretaceous of Madagascar (1)
Total: 194 collections including 234 occurrences