Order Gymnotiformes (ray-finned fish)
Parent taxon: Otophysa according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Betancur et al. 2013, Long 2011 and Nelson 2006
Sister taxa: Chanoididae, Characiformes, Characiphysae, Characiphysi, Cyprinae, Cypriniformes, Cypriniphysi, Siluriformes, Siluriphysi, Sooinichthys
Subtaxa: Gymnotoidei Sternopygoidei
Ecology: