PBDB Taxon

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Encrinasteridae

Ophiuroidea - Encrinasteridae

Taxonomy

Encrinasteridae was named by Schuchert (1914). Its type is Encrinaster. It was considered monophyletic by Dean Shackleton (2005).

It was assigned to Lysophiurae by Schuchert (1915); to Lysophiuricae by Owen (1965); to Lysophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), Harper and Morris (1978), Jell (1997) and Jell and Theron (1999); and to Ophiuroidea by Dean Shackleton (2005).

Subtaxa

Armathyrasterinae, Cheiropteraster, Encrinaster (syn. Aspidosoma) (type genus), Encrinasterinae, Euzonosoma, Loriolaster, Mastigactis, Urozoma

Synonyms

Aspidosomatidae was named by Gregory (1899). Its type is Aspidosoma.

It was synonymized objectively with Encrinasteridae by Schuchert (1915).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1899	Aspidosomatidae Gregory p. 351
1914	Encrinasteridae Schuchert
1915	Encrinasteridae Schuchert p. 241
1965	Encrinasteridae Owen p. 552
1966	Encrinasteridae Spencer and Wright p. U83
1978	Encrinasteridae Harper and Morris p. 155
1997	Encrinasteridae Jell p. 309
1999	Encrinasteridae Jell and Theron p. 163
2005	Encrinasteridae Dean Shackleton p. 81

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Asterozoa	()
class	Ophiuroidea
family	Encrinasteridae
family	Encrinasteridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Encrinasteridae Schuchert 1914

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Subfm. †Armathyrasterinae Harper and Morris 1978

G. †Armathyraster Harper and Morris 1978

†Armathyraster paradoxis Harper and Morris 1978

G. †Mausoleaster Jell and Holloway 1983

G. †Cheiropteraster Stürtz 1890

†Cheiropteraster giganteus Stürtz 1890

G. †Encrinaster Haekel 1866

†Encrinaster arnoldi Goldfuss 1848

†Encrinaster eifelensis Schöndorf 1910

†Encrinaster grayae Spencer 1914

†Encrinaster hamlingi Spencer 1930

†Encrinaster laevidiscus Lehmann 1957

†Encrinaster petaloides Simonovitsch 1871

†Encrinaster petaloides goslariensis Halfar 1893

†Encrinaster pontis Clarke 1913

†Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910

†Encrinaster tischbeinianus Roemer 1864

Invalid names: Aspidosoma Goldfuss 1848 [synonym]

Subfm. †Encrinasterinae Harper and Morris 1978

G. †Crepidosoma Spencer 1930

†Crepidosoma doylei Blake et al. 2017

†Crepidosoma wenlocki Spencer 1930

G. †Marginura Haude 1999

†Marginura hilleri Jell and Theron 1999

Invalid names: Marginaster Haude 1995 [replaced]

G. †Euzonosoma Spencer 1930

†Euzonosoma goldfussi Schöndorf 1910

†Euzonosoma montanum Raymond 1912

†Euzonosoma orbitoides Spencer 1930

†Euzonosoma pusillum Ruedemann 1916

†Euzonosoma schmidti Schöndorf 1910

G. †Loriolaster Stürtz 1886

†Loriolaster gracilis Lehmann 1957

†Loriolaster mirabilis Stürtz 1886

G. †Mastigactis Spencer 1930

†Mastigactis aranea Ruedemann 1916

G. †Urozoma Spencer 1930

Invalid names: Aspidosomatidae Gregory 1899 [objective synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
J. Dean Shackleton 2005	Narrow transverse groove crossing distal region of ambulacral perradial ridge; groove spines short and square; loss of vertical spines; broad longitudinal groove crossing lateral region of arms; first and second buccal pores closely spaced, with proximal pore slightly more aboral in position; adambulacrals attach to interradial lateral surface of mouth angle plates; most proximal radial adambulacral partially obscuring podial basin; loss of radial oral spines.