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Pylaecephalidae
Taxonomy
Pylaecephalinae was named by Van Hoepen (1934). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the unranked clade Pylaecephalidae by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Angielczyk et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Dicynodontidae by Van Hoepen (1934), Kuhn (1946); to Dicynodontia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010); and to Therochelonia by Angielczyk et al. (2014).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Pylaecephalidae by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Angielczyk et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Dicynodontidae by Van Hoepen (1934), Kuhn (1946); to Dicynodontia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010); and to Therochelonia by Angielczyk et al. (2014).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1934 | Pylaecephalinae Van Hoepen |
| 1946 | Pylaecephalinae Kuhn p. 58 |
| 2009 | Pylaecephalidae Kammerer and Angielczyk |
| 2010 | Pylaecephalidae Angielczyk and Rubidge |
| 2014 | Pylaecephalidae Angielczyk et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Pylaecephalidae Van Hoepen 1934
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G. †Diictodon Broom 1913
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†Diictodon feliceps Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Dicynodon broomi Broili and Schröder 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon gamkaensis Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon nanus Broom 1936 [synonym], Dicynodon parvidens Owen 1876 [synonym], Diictodon galeops Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon grimbeeki Broom 1935 [synonym], Diictodon grossharthi Broili and Schröder 1937 [synonym], Diictodon haughtonianus Huene 1931 [synonym], Diictodon ictidops Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon jouberti Broom 1905 [synonym], Diictodon macrorhynchus Broom 1921 [synonym], Diictodon palustris Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon psittacops Broom 1912 [synonym], Diictodon rubidgei Broom 1932 [synonym], Diictodon sesoma Watson 1960 [synonym], Diictodon sollasi Broom 1921 [synonym], Diictodon testudirostris Broom and Haughton 1913 [synonym], Diictodon tienshanensis Sun 1973 [synonym], Diictodon vanderhorsti Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anomodon Keyser 1975 [synonym]
G. †Pylaecephalus Van Hoepen 1934
G. †Robertia Boonstra 1948
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†Robertia antjiesfonteinensis Toerien 1953
Invalid names: Broilius Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. I. Van Hoepen 1934 | Skull high; snout fairly strong; intertemporal breadth variable: anteriorly broader, posteriorly equal to or broader than the introrbital breadth; posterior edges of the orbits either behind or in front of the middle of the skull; the edge of the postorbitals border on an angular field, which contains the parietal foramen; the upper edges of the postorbitals converge strongly backwards and at some distance behind the foramen they come close together and leave a canal between them; sometimes they actually meet and form a very short crest. The sides of the parietal bar also converge strongly backwards. | |
| C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | As noted above, several recent papers have examined the phylogenetic relationships among dicynodonts. However, we derived our lists of autapomorphies characterizing various dicynodont clades from only three of these references (Angielczyk 2007; Fröbisch 2007; Fröbisch & Reisz 2008). Our reasons for this are two-fold. First, these analyses are the most comprehensive in terms of character and taxon sampling. Second, many of the characters used in less comprehensive analyses, or very similar characters, were included in one or more of these works. The most frequently cited autapomorphies for Pylaecephalidae are: (1) median ridge on anterior surface of snout present; (2) notch in palatal rim anterior to caniniform process present; (3) ventral edge of the caniniform process or dorsal edge of the erupted portion of the canine tusk at the same level as the anterior
orbital margin; (4) dentary table present as an elongate grooved surface on the dorsal surface of the dentary bounded laterally by a low ridge and medially by a tall, thin, dorsally convex blade; (5) cleithrum present; (6) ectepicondylar foramen on humerus present. |