PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Choristodera (choristodere)

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Choristodera was named by Cope (1876). It was considered monophyletic by Ezcurra (2016).

It was synonymized subjectively with Champsosauri by Jaekel (1910); it was synonymized subjectively with Champsosauriformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the suborder Choristodera by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Russell (1956); it was reranked as the unranked clade Choristodera by Evans and Klembara (2005), Ezcurra (2016), Reiss et al. (2019) and Dong et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Rhynchocephalia by Roxo (1937) and Kuhn (1946); to Eosuchia by Russell (1956); to Eosuchia by Estes (1964); to Lepidosauria by Kuhn (1966); to Archosauromorpha by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Neodiapsida by Evans and Manabe (1999); to Archosauromorpha by Evans (1990) and Peng et al. (2001); to Diapsida by Carroll (1988), Hecht (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Gao and Fox (1998) and Gao and Fox (2005); to Lepidosauromorpha by Hou et al. (2010); to Sauria by Ezcurra (2016); to Diapsida by Gao et al. (2000) and Reiss et al. (2019); and to Reptilia by Evans and Klembara (2005) and Dong et al. (2020).

Subtaxa

Coeruleodraco, Cteniogenyidae, Heishanosaurus, Hyphalosauridae, Hyphalosaurus (syn. Sinohydrosaurus), Irenosaurus, Khurendukhosaurus, Lazarussuchus, Monjurosuchidae, Monjurosuchus, Neochoristodera (syn. Champsosauriformes), Novapes, Pachystropheus, Philydrosaurus, Shokawa

Synonyms

Champsosauri was named by Jaekel (1910).

It was synonymized subjectively with Choristodera by Kuhn (1966).

It was assigned to Protorosauria by Jaekel (1910); and to Holosauria by Jaekel (1911).
Simoedosauria was named by Dollo.

It was synonymized subjectively with Champsosauriformes by Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Choristodera by Kuhn (1946); it was synonymized subjectively with Choristodera by Kuhn (1966).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Choristodera Cope p. 350
1903	Choristodera Osborn p. 456
1904	Choristodera Osborn p. 111
1910	Champsosauri Jaekel p. 333
1911	Champsosauri Jaekel p. 147
1937	Choristodera Roxo p. 44
1946	Choristodera Kuhn p. 62
1956	Choristodera Russell p. 4
1964	Choristodera Estes p. 99
1966	Choristodera Kuhn p. 35
1988	Choristodera Carroll
1989	Choristodera Gauthier et al. p. 345
1990	Choristodera Evans
1992	Choristodera Hecht p. 117
1993	Choristodera Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15
1998	Choristodera Gao and Fox p. 306
1999	Choristodera Evans and Manabe p. 103
2000	Choristodera Gao et al. p. 417
2001	Choristodera Peng et al. p. 32
2005	Choristodera Evans and Klembara
2005	Choristodera Gao and Fox p. 428
2010	Choristodera Hou et al.
2016	Choristodera Ezcurra pp. 270, 282 fig. 48
2019	Choristodera Reiss et al. p. 137
2020	Choristodera Dong et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Eosuchia	()
—	Neodiapsida
—	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
—	Choristodera	()
—	Choristodera	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Choristodera Cope 1876 [choristodere]

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G. †Coeruleodraco Matsumoto et al. 2019

†Coeruleodraco jurassicus Matsumoto et al. 2019

Fm. †Cteniogenyidae Seiffert 1975

G. †Cteniogenys Gilmore 1928

†Cteniogenys antiquus Gilmore 1928

Invalid names: Cteniogenys reedi Seiffert 1975 [synonym]

G. †Heishanosaurus Dong et al. 2020

†Heishanosaurus pygmaeus Dong et al. 2020

G. †Hyphalosaurus Gao et al. 1999

†Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis Ji et al. 2004

†Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis Gao et al. 1999

Invalid names: Sinohydrosaurus lingyuanensis Li et al. 1999 [objective synonym]

Invalid names: Sinohydrosaurus Li et al. 1999 [objective synonym]

G. †Irenosaurus Efimov 1988

†Irenosaurus egloni Efimov 1983

G. †Khurendukhosaurus Sigogneau-Russell and Efimov 1984

†Khurendukhosaurus orlovi Sigogneau-Russell and Efimov 1984

Invalid names: Khurendukhosaurus bajkalensis Efimov 1996 [nomen dubium]

G. †Lazarussuchus Hecht 1992

†Lazarussuchus dvoraki Evans and Klembara 2005

†Lazarussuchus inexpectatus Hecht 1992

G. †Monjurosuchus Endo 1940

†Monjurosuchus manchoukuoensis Zhou and Wang 2010

†Monjurosuchus splendens Endo 1940

Invalid names: Rhynchosaurus orientalis Endo and Shikama 1942 [synonym]

Subor. †Neochoristodera Evans and Hecht 1993

Fm. †Champsosauridae Cope 1876 [champsosaur]

G. †Champsosaurichnus Lockley and Hunt 1995

†Champsosaurichnus parfeti Lockley and Hunt 1995

G. †Eotomistoma Young 1964

†Eotomistoma multidentata Young 1964

G. †Champsosaurus Cope 1876

†Champsosaurus albertensis Parks 1927

†Champsosaurus ambulator Brown 1905

†Champsosaurus gigas Erickson 1972

†Champsosaurus laramiensis Brown 1905

†Champsosaurus lindoei Gao and Fox 1998

†Champsosaurus natator Parks 1933

†Champsosaurus norelli Brownstein 2022

†Champsosaurus tenuis Erickson 1981

Invalid names: Champsosaurus annectens Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus australis Cope 1881 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus brevicollis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus inelegans Parks 1933 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus inflatus Parks 1933 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus profundus Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus puercensis Cope 1882 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus saponensis Cope 1882 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus vaccinsulensis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum]

G. †Ikechosaurus Sigogneau-Russell 1981

†Ikechosaurus gaoi Lü et al. 1999

†Ikechosaurus magnus Efimov 1979

†Ikechosaurus pijiagouensis Liu 2004

†Ikechosaurus sunailinae Sigogneau-Russell 1981

Fm. †Simoedosauridae Lemone 1884

G. †Kosmodraco Brownstein 2022

†Kosmodraco dakotensis Erickson 1987

†Kosmodraco magnicornis Brownstein 2022

G. †Liaoxisaurus Gao et al. 2005

†Liaoxisaurus chaoyangensis Gao et al. 2005

G. †Simoedosaurus Gervais 1877

Invalid names: Simoedosaurus lemoinei Gervais 1877 [nomen dubium], Simoedosaurus peroni Lemoine 1884 [nomen dubium], Simoedosaurus remensis Lemoine 1884 [nomen dubium], Simoedosaurus suessonniensis Lemoine 1884 [nomen dubium]

G. †Tchoiria Efimov 1975

†Tchoiria klauseni Ksepka et al. 2005

†Tchoiria namsarai Efimov 1975

Invalid names: Champsosauriformes Hay 1930 [replaced]

G. †Novapes Lee et al. 2020

†Novapes ulsanensis Lee et al. 2020

G. †Pachystropheus von Huene 1935

†Pachystropheus rhaeticus von Huene 1935

G. †Philydrosaurus Gao and Fox 2005

†Philydrosaurus proseilus Gao and Fox 2005

G. †Shokawa Evans and Manabe 1999

†Shokawa ikoi Evans and Manabe 1999

Invalid names: Champsosauria Jaekel 1910 [synonym], Hyphalosauridae Gao and Fox 2005 [empty], Monjurosuchidae Endo 1940 [empty], Simoedosauria Dollo [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1903	Amphibious Gavialoid Diaptosauria. Skull greatly elongated; teeth acrodont, internally folded. Vertebrae amphicoelous, imperforate. Hypocentra wanting in dorsals. Dorsal ribs two-headed, attached opposite centra. Interciavicle T-shcped. Pubis and ischium continuous; no puboischiadic foramen. Humerus with ectepi(radio-)condylar foramen.