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Ichthyornis
Taxonomy
Ichthyornis was named by Marsh (1872) [Sepkoski's age data: K Turo K Camp Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Ichthyornis dispar. It is the type genus of Ichthyornithidae, Ichthyornidae.
It was assigned to Aves by Marsh (1872); to Ichthyornidae by Marsh (1873), Marsh (1873), Marsh (1873); to Odontotormae by Marsh (1880); to Odontotormae by Zittel (1890); to Aves by Bakker (1986); to Ichthyornithidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988), Parris and Echols (1992), Tokaryk et al. (1997); to Carinatae by Chiappe (2002); to Ichthyornithes by Marsh (1875), Clarke (2004); to Ichthyornithiformes by Chatterjee (1991), Sepkoski (2002), Padian (2004); to Euornithes by Cau and Arduini (2008); to Ornithuromorpha by Naish et al. (2012), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Zhou et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), O'Connor et al. (2014); to Ornithurae by Gauthier (1986), Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Norell and Clarke (2001), Kurochkin et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015); and to Ichthyornithes by Benito et al. (2022), Benito et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Aves by Marsh (1872); to Ichthyornidae by Marsh (1873), Marsh (1873), Marsh (1873); to Odontotormae by Marsh (1880); to Odontotormae by Zittel (1890); to Aves by Bakker (1986); to Ichthyornithidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988), Parris and Echols (1992), Tokaryk et al. (1997); to Carinatae by Chiappe (2002); to Ichthyornithes by Marsh (1875), Clarke (2004); to Ichthyornithiformes by Chatterjee (1991), Sepkoski (2002), Padian (2004); to Euornithes by Cau and Arduini (2008); to Ornithuromorpha by Naish et al. (2012), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Zhou et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), O'Connor et al. (2014); to Ornithurae by Gauthier (1986), Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Norell and Clarke (2001), Kurochkin et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015); and to Ichthyornithes by Benito et al. (2022), Benito et al. (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1872 | Ichthyornis Marsh p. 344 |
| 1872 | Colonosaurus Marsh p. 406 |
| 1873 | Ichthyornis Marsh p. 74 |
| 1875 | Ichthyornis Marsh |
| 1880 | Ichthyornis Marsh p. 187 |
| 1890 | Ichthyornis Zittel p. 834 |
| 1902 | Ichthyornis Hay p. 519 |
| 1930 | Ichthyornis Hay p. 281 |
| 1933 | Ichthyornis Lambrecht p. 581 |
| 1940 | Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 4 |
| 1952 | Colonosaurus Gregory |
| 1956 | Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 5 |
| 1960 | Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 23 |
| 1962 | Plegadornis Wetmore p. 1 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 1972 | Angelinornis Kashin |
| 1981 | Plegadornis Thurmond and Jones p. 164 |
| 1986 | Ichthyornis Bakker p. 460 |
| 1986 | Ichthyornis Gauthier p. 13 |
| 1988 | Ichthyornis Carroll |
| 1991 | Ichthyornis Chatterjee p. 328 |
| 1992 | Ichthyornis Parris and Echols |
| 1994 | Ichthyornis Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1 |
| 1997 | Ichthyornis Tokaryk et al. p. 175 |
| 2001 | Ichthyornis Norell and Clarke p. 183 |
| 2002 | Ichthyornis Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
| 2002 | Ichthyornis Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Ichthyornis Clarke p. 20 |
| 2004 | Ichthyornis Padian p. 214 |
| 2008 | Ichthyornis Cau and Arduini |
| 2012 | Ichthyornis Naish et al. |
| 2013 | Ichthyornis Kurochkin et al. |
| 2013 | Ichthyornis O'Connor and Zelenkov |
| 2013 | Ichthyornis Zhou et al. |
| 2014 | Ichthyornis O'Connor et al. |
| 2014 | Ichthyornis Wang et al. |
| 2014 | Ichthyornis Wang et al. |
| 2015 | Ichthyornis Wang and Liu |
| 2022 | Ichthyornis Benito et al. |
| 2022 | Ichthyornis Benito et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ichthyornis Marsh 1872
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†Ichthyornis dispar Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Colonosaurus mudgei Marsh 1872 [objective synonym], Ichthyornis agilis Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ichthyornis anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Ichthyornis antecessor Wetmore 1962 [synonym], Ichthyornis validus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Ichthyornis victor Marsh 1876 [synonym]
†Ichthyornis minusculus Nessov 1990
Invalid names: Angelinornis Kashin 1972 [synonym], Colonosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. Chatterjee 1991 | Apomorphous feature of Ichthyornis
(28) Pterygoid condyle of quadrate highly pronounced. |