PBDB Taxon

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Toxochelyidae

Osteichthyes - Testudines - Toxochelyidae

Taxonomy

Toxochelyidae was named by Baur (1895). It is not extant. Its type is Toxochelys. It was considered monophyletic by Karl et al. (2012).

It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902), Hay (1908); to Chelonii by Jaekel (1911); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptodira by Kuhn (1946), Thurmond and Jones (1981); and to Chelonioidea by Kuhn (1966), Weems (1988), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012).

Subtaxa

Cynocercus, Glyptops belviderensis, Lophochelyinae, Macrobaeninae, Osteopyginae (syn. Lytolominae), Porthochelys, Toxochelyinae

Synonyms

Plesiochelys belviderensis was named by Cragin (1902). Its type specimen is Colorado College specimen, a partial skeleton (two first costals, fragments of other costals, a neural bone and a dorsal vertebral centrum), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is near Belvidere, which is in an Albian terrestrial shale in the Kiowa Shale Formation of Kansas.

It was recombined as Glyptops belviderensis by Hay (1908), Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Gaffney (1979).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1895	Toxochelyidae Baur
1902	Plesiochelys belviderensis Cragin p. 71 figs. pi. ii, figs. 1-8.
1902	Plesiochelys belviderensis Hay p. 439
1902	Toxochelyidae Hay p. 442
1908	Glyptops belviderensis Hay p. 53 figs. Plate 7, figs. 4, 5
1908	Toxochelyidae Hay p. 162
1911	Toxochelyidae Jaekel p. 187
1930	Glyptops belviderensis Hay p. 70
1930	Toxochelyidae Hay p. 86
1946	Toxochelyidae Kuhn p. 58
1966	Toxochelyidae Kuhn p. 27
1975	Toxochelyidae Gaffney p. 429
1981	Toxochelyidae Thurmond and Jones p. 128
1988	Toxochelyidae Carroll
1988	Toxochelyidae Nicholls p. 185
1988	Toxochelyidae Weems p. 141 figs. Table 2
2012	Toxochelyidae Karl et al.
2012	Toxochelyidae Karl and Nyhuis

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Testudinata	(Oppel 1811)
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira
superfamily	Chelonioidea
family	Toxochelyidae	Baur 1895
family	Toxochelyidae	Baur 1895

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Toxochelyidae Baur 1895

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G. †Cynocercus Cope 1872

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†Cynocercus incisus Cope 1872

Subfm. †Lophochelyinae Zangerl 1953

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G. †Lophochelys Zangerl 1953

†Lophochelys natatrix Zangerl 1953

†Lophochelys niobrarae Zangerl 1953

†Lophochelys venatrix Zangerl 1953

G. †Neurochelys Moody 1980

G. †Oertelia Karl et al. 2012

†Oertelia gigantea Oertel 1914

Subfm. †Macrobaeninae Nessov 1984

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G. †Toxocheloides Nessov and Khozatsky 1981

†Toxocheloides narynensis Nessov and Kaznyshkin 1985

Subfm. †Osteopyginae Zangerl 1953

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G. †Propleura Cope 1870

†Propleura borealis Wieland 1904

G. †Rhetechelys Hay 1908

Invalid names: Lytolominae [synonym]

G. †Porthochelys Williston 1901

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†Porthochelys laticeps Williston 1901

Subfm. †Toxochelyinae Zangerl 1953

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G. †Thinochelys Zangerl 1953

†Thinochelys lapisossea Zangerl 1953

Invalid names: Glyptops belviderensis Cragin 1902 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908	Skull somewhat deprest. Temporal region extensively rooft. Quadrate notcht for the columella. Choana situated well forward; not underfloored by the palatines. Palatines extending forward to the vomers and forming the outer boundaries of the choanae. Carapace with eleven pairs of peripherals, in addition to the nuchal and pygal. Nuchal not furnisht with costiform processes. Epidermal shields present. Plastron loosely articulated with the carapace, not extending forward to the third peripheral and backward hardly to the eighth. Fore foot with at least 2 claws; the phalanges furnisht with condyles; the limb as a whole resembling that of the Trionychidae.