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Spheniscidae

Reptilia - Spheniscidae

Taxonomy
Spheniscidae was named by Bonaparte (1831). It is extant.

It was assigned to Impennes by Moreno and Mercerat (1891), Ameghino (1905); to Steganopodes by Mayr (2005); to Aequornithes by Mayr (2011); to Sphenisciformes by Lambrecht (1933), Brodkorb (1963), Simpson (1971), Simpson (1971), Jenkins (1974), Simpson (1979), Simpson (1981), Jenkins (1985), Olson (1985), Carroll (1988), Cheneval (1993), Myrcha et al. (2002), Stucchi et al. (2003), Clarke et al. (2003), Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2004), Acosta Hospitaleche and Stucchi (2005), Tambussi et al. (2005), Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2006), Walsh and Suarez (2006), Jadwiszczak (2006), Acosta Hospitaleche (2007), Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2007), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008), Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2008), Jadwiszczak and Mörs (2011), Jadwiszczak (2012), Jadwiszczak et al. (2013), Acosta Hospitaleche (2014), Park (2014), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017), Jadwiszczak and Mörs (2019), Worthy and Nguyen (2020), Jadwiszczak et al. (2021); and to Sphenisciformes by Baird (1992), Tambussi et al. (2006), Gohlich (2007), Soto-Acuña et al. (2008), Acosta Hospitaleche and Reguero (2010), Park and Fitzgerald (2012), Chávez Hoffmeister et al. (2014), Tambussi et al. (2023), Thomas et al. (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1831Spheniscidae Bonaparte
1891Spheniscidae Moreno and Mercerat p. 29
1901Apterodytes Ameghino p. 81
1901Apterodytes ictus Ameghino p. 81
1905Neculus Ameghino
1905Palaeoapterodytes Ameghino pp. Plate 3, Fig. 16a
1905Palaeoapterodytes ictus Ameghino
1905Spheniscidae Ameghino
1905Palaeoapterodytes Ameghino p. 120
1905Palaeoapterodytes ictus Ameghino p. 120
1905Neculus Ameghino p. 125
1905Ichtyopteryx Ameghino p. 128
1905Ichtyopteryx gracilis Ameghino p. 128
1905Orthopteryx Wiman p. 27 figs. Plate VIII Fig 2, a, b
1905Orthopteryx gigas Wiman p. 27 figs. Plate 8, Fig. 2
1905Ichtyopteryx Wiman p. 251 figs. Plate XII, Fig. 4
1905Ichtyopteryx gracilis Wiman p. 251 figs. Plate 12, Fig. 4
1933Spheniscidae Lambrecht p. 226
1933Palaeoapterodytes Lambrecht p. 229
1933Palaeoapterodytes ictus Lambrecht p. 229
1933Ichthyopteryx Lambrecht p. 231
1933Ichthyopteryx gracilis Lambrecht p. 231
1933Neculus Lambrecht p. 231
1933Orthopteryx Lambrecht p. 235
1933Orthopteryx gigas Lambrecht p. 235
1946Neculus Simpson p. 26
1946Apterodytes Simpson p. 31
1946Apterodytes ictus Simpson p. 31
1946Ichthyopteryx Simpson p. 36
1946Ichthyopteryx gracilis Simpson p. 36
1963Spheniscidae Brodkorb p. 231
1963Orthopteryx Brodkorb p. 234
1963Orthopteryx gigas Brodkorb p. 234
1963Ichtyopteryx Brodkorb p. 235
1963Ichtyopteryx gracilis Brodkorb p. 235
1963Neculus Brodkorb p. 240
1971Spheniscidae Simpson p. 334
1971Orthopteryx Simpson p. 381
1974Spheniscidae Jenkins p. 293
1979Spheniscidae Simpson p. 2
1981Spheniscidae Simpson p. 267
1983Tereingaornis moisleyi Scarlett
1983Tereingaornis Scarlett p. 419 figs. Fig. 1-3
1983Tereingaornis moisleyi Scarlett p. 419 figs. Fig. 1-3
1985Spheniscidae Jenkins p. 183
1985Spheniscidae Olson p. 151
1988Spheniscidae Carroll
1992Spheniscidae Baird p. 24
1993Spheniscidae Cheneval p. 89
2002Spheniscidae Myrcha et al. p. 17
2002Delphinornis gracilis Myrcha et al. p. 30 figs. Fig. 11
2003Spheniscidae Clarke et al. p. 3
2003Spheniscidae Stucchi et al. p. 363
2004Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche et al. p. 235
2005Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche and Stucchi p. 2
2005Spheniscidae Mayr p. 67
2005Spheniscidae Tambussi et al.
2006Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche et al.
2006Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak p. 11
2006Delphinornis gracilis Jadwiszczak p. 34
2006Spheniscidae Tambussi et al. p. 151
2006Spheniscidae Walsh and Suarez p. 117
2007Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche
2007Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche et al. p. 301
2007Delphinornis gracilis Chavez p. 554
2007Spheniscidae Gohlich p. 286
2007Spheniscidae Livezey and Zusi p. 90
2008Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche et al. p. 568
2008Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi p. 113
2008Spheniscidae Soto-Acuña et al. p. 123
2010Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche and Reguero p. 293
2011Delphinornis gracilis Jadwiszczak and Mörs p. 271
2011Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak and Mörs p. 271
2011Spheniscidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5
2012Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak p. 262
2012Spheniscidae Park and Fitzgerald p. 317
2013Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak et al. p. 547
2014Spheniscidae Acosta Hospitaleche p. 557
2014Spheniscidae Chávez Hoffmeister et al.
2014Spheniscidae Park p. 451
2014Spheniscidae del Hoyo et al.
2017Spheniscidae Clements et al.
2019Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak and Mörs p. 5
2020Spheniscidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 87
2021Spheniscidae Jadwiszczak et al. p. 284
2023Spheniscidae Tambussi et al. p. 272
2023Spheniscidae Thomas et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Aequornithes
—Feraequornithes
superorderProcellariimorphae
—Sphenisciformes(Sharpe 1891)
familySpheniscidaeBonaparte 1831
familySpheniscidaeBonaparte 1831

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Spheniscidae Bonaparte 1831
show all | hide all
G. †Anthropodyptes Simpson 1959
+
†Anthropodyptes gilli Simpson 1959
G. Aptenodytes Miller 1778
+
Aptenodytes forsteri Gray 1844 [emperor penguin]
Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller 1778 [king penguin]
†Aptenodytes ridgeni Simpson 1972
G. †Arthrodytes Ameghino 1905
+
†Arthrodytes andrewsi Ameghino 1901
G. †Dege Simpson 1979
+
†Dege hendeyi Simpson 1979
G. Eudyptes Vieillot 1816
+
†Eudyptes atatu Thomas et al. 2020
†Eudyptes calauina Chávez Hoffmeister et al. 2014
Eudyptes chrysocome Forster 1781 [southern rockhopper penguin]
Eudyptes chrysolophus Brandt 1837 [Macaroni penguin]
Eudyptes moseleyi Matthews and Iredale 1921 [Northern rockhopper penguin]
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray 1845 [Fiordland penguin]
+
Invalid names: Tasidyptes hunteri van Tets and O'Connor 1983 [synonym]
Eudyptes robustus Oliver 1953 [Snares penguin]
Eudyptes schlegeli Finsch 1876 [royal penguin]
Eudyptes sclateri Buller 1888 [Erect-crested penguin]
†Eudyptes warhami Cole et al. 2019
Invalid names: Tasidyptes van Tets and O'Connor 1983 [synonym]
G. Eudyptula Bonaparte 1856
+
Eudyptula minor Forster 1781 [little penguin]
†Eudyptula wilsonae Thomas et al. 2023
G. †Inguza Simpson 1975
+
†Inguza predemersus Simpson 1971
G. †Madrynornis Acosta Hospitaleche et al. 2007
+
†Madrynornis mirandus Acosta Hospitaleche et al. 2007
G. †Marambiornopsis Jadwiszczak et al. 2021
+
†Marambiornopsis sobrali Jadwiszczak et al. 2021
G. †Marplesornis Simpson 1972
+
G. Megadyptes Milne-Edwards 1880
+
Megadyptes antipodes Hombron and Jacquinot 1841 [yellow-eyed penguin]
+
†Megadyptes antipodes richdalei Cole et al. 2019
†Megadyptes antipodes waitaha Boessenkool et al. 2009 [Waitaha penguin]
G. †Nucleornis Simpson 1979
+
†Nucleornis insolitus Simpson 1979
G. †Palaeeudyptes Huxley 1859
+
†Palaeeudyptes gunnari Wiman 1905
†Palaeeudyptes klekowskii Myrcha et al. 2002
†Palaeeudyptes marplesi Brodkorb 1963
Invalid names: Eosphaeniscus Wiman 1905 [synonym]
G. †Paraptenodytes Ameghino 1891
+
†Paraptenodytes antarcticus Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Paraptenodytes brodkorbi Simpson 1972
†Paraptenodytes robustus Ameghino 1894
+
Invalid names: Arthrodytes grandis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isotremornis nordenskjoldi Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Paraptenodytes crassus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Paraptenodytes curtus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Isotremornis Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Metancylornis Ameghino 1905 [synonym]
G. †Pseudaptenodytes Simpson 1970
+
†Pseudaptenodytes macraei Simpson 1970
Invalid names: Pseudaptenodytes minor Simpson 1970 [nomen dubium]
G. Pygoscelis Wagler 1832
+
Pygoscelis adeliae Hombon and Jacquinot 1841 [Adelie penguin]
Pygoscelis antarcticus Forster 1781 [chinstrap penguin]
†Pygoscelis calderensis Acosta Hospitaleche et al. 2006
†Pygoscelis grandis Walsh and Suarez 2006
Pygoscelis papua Forester 1781 [gentoo penguin]
†Pygoscelis tyreei Simpson 1972
Invalid names: Catarrhactes Hombron and Jacquinot 1841 [synonym]
G. Spheniscus Brisson 1760
+
†Spheniscus chilensis Emslie and Correa 2003
Spheniscus demersus Linnaeus 1758 [African penguin]
Spheniscus humboldti Meyen 1834 [Humboldt penguin]
Spheniscus magellanicus Forster 1781 [Magellanic penguin]
†Spheniscus megaramphus Stucchi et al. 2003
Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall 1871 [Galapagos penguin]
†Spheniscus muizoni Gohlich 2007
†Spheniscus urbinai Stucchi 2002
Invalid names: Anthropornithinae Simpson 1946 [empty], Apterodytes ictus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Delphinornis gracilis Wiman 1905 [nomen dubium], Ichtyopteryx Wiman 1905 [nomen dubium], Neculus Ameghino 1905 [nomen dubium], Orthopteryx Wiman 1905 [nomen dubium], Orthopteryx gigas Wiman 1905 [nomen dubium], Palaeeudyptinae Simpson 1946 [empty], Palaeoapterodytes Ameghino 1905 [nomen dubium], Spheniscinae Simpson 1946 [empty], Tereingaornis Scarlett 1983 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available