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Anura (frog)
Taxonomy
Anuri was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1813) [also attributed to Rafinesque 1815, originally ranked as a "section"]. It is extant.
It was corrected as Anura by Cope (1875), Swinton (1934), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Gardiner (1982), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Gao and Wang (2001), Zardoya and Meyer (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Gao and Chen (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010), Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); it was corrected as Anura by Gadow (1898), Jaekel (1911), Säve-Söderbergh (1934), Frank and Ramus (1996), Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Sanchiz (1998), Gardner (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Augé and Rage (2006), Anderson et al. (2008), Böhme (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012), Maddin et al. (2012); it was synonymized subjectively with Salientia by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the suborder Anura by McGrew et al. (1959), Gauthier et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Batrachomorpha by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Euamphibia by Kuhn (1946); to Batrachomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Paratoidea by Gardiner (1982); to Lepospondyli by Carroll (1988); to Batrachia by Cope (1875), Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Salientia by Sanchiz (1998), Gao and Wang (2001), Gao and Chen (2004); to Salientia by Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Gardner (2001), Anderson et al. (2008); to Batrachia by Zardoya and Meyer (2001), Maddin et al. (2012); to Amphibia by Augé and Rage (2006), Böhme (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012); to Lissamphibia by Gadow (1898), Gauthier et al. (1989), Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); and to Amphibia by Jaekel (1911), Swinton (1934), McGrew et al. (1959), Shoshani et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
It was corrected as Anura by Cope (1875), Swinton (1934), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Gardiner (1982), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Gao and Wang (2001), Zardoya and Meyer (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Gao and Chen (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010), Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); it was corrected as Anura by Gadow (1898), Jaekel (1911), Säve-Söderbergh (1934), Frank and Ramus (1996), Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Sanchiz (1998), Gardner (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Augé and Rage (2006), Anderson et al. (2008), Böhme (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012), Maddin et al. (2012); it was synonymized subjectively with Salientia by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the suborder Anura by McGrew et al. (1959), Gauthier et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Batrachomorpha by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Euamphibia by Kuhn (1946); to Batrachomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Paratoidea by Gardiner (1982); to Lepospondyli by Carroll (1988); to Batrachia by Cope (1875), Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Salientia by Sanchiz (1998), Gao and Wang (2001), Gao and Chen (2004); to Salientia by Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Gardner (2001), Anderson et al. (2008); to Batrachia by Zardoya and Meyer (2001), Maddin et al. (2012); to Amphibia by Augé and Rage (2006), Böhme (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012); to Lissamphibia by Gadow (1898), Gauthier et al. (1989), Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); and to Amphibia by Jaekel (1911), Swinton (1934), McGrew et al. (1959), Shoshani et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Acosmanura, Allophyrnidae, Alytidae, Archaeobatrachia, Arthroleptidae, Bissektia, Bufoniformia, Centrolenidae, Comobatrachus, Comobatrachus aenigmatis, Costata, Diacium unipedalis, Discoglossidae, Discoglossoidea, Electrorana, Eleutherodactylidae, Eoanura, Eobatrachus, Eobatrachus agilis, Epicria, Gansubatrachus, Gastrechmia, Genibatrachus, Gobiatidae, Hemisotidae, Hensonbatrachus, Hyperoliidae, Jeholobatrachus, Lalagobatrachia, Leiopelmatidae (syn. Ascaphidae), Liaobatrachus (syn. Mesophryne, Callobatrachus, Dalianbatrachus, Yizhoubatrachus), Mesobatrachia, Montsechobatrachus, Montsechobatrachus gaudryi, Neobatrachia, Neusibatrachus, Odontaglossa, Odontophrynidae, Opisthocoela, Opisthocoelellus, Palaeobatrachoidea, Paradiscoglossus, Pelobatoidea, Phaneroglossa, Pipoidea, Proanura, Pseudidae, Raniformia, Rhinodermatidae, Scaphiophryninae, Scotiophryne, Sunnybatrachus, Thaumastosaurus, Theatonius, Tregobatrachidae, Tyrrellbatrachus, Varibatrachus, Vieraella, Vieraellidae, Wealdenbatrachus, Xenoanura
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1777 | Ecaudata Scopoli |
| 1873 | Diacium unipedalis Cope p. 18 |
| 1874 | Cremastosaurus unipedalis Cope p. 516 |
| 1875 | Anura Cope p. 7 |
| 1887 | Eobatrachus Marsh p. 328 |
| 1887 | Eobatrachus agilis Marsh p. 328 |
| 1897 | Eobatrachus agilis Marsh p. 508 |
| 1898 | Anura Gadow p. 14 |
| 1902 | Eobatrachus Hay p. 425 |
| 1902 | Eobatrachus agilis Hay p. 425 |
| 1902 | Platyrhachis unipedalis Hay p. 477 |
| 1902 | Palaeobatrachus gaudryi Vidal p. 5 figs. Pl 4, figs 1,2 |
| 1911 | Anura Jaekel p. 130 |
| 1912 | Eobatrachus Moodie p. 286 |
| 1912 | Eobatrachus agilis Moodie p. 288 |
| 1921 | Montsechobatrachus Fejervary |
| 1930 | Cremastosaurus unipedalis Hay p. 255 |
| 1934 | Anura Swinton p. 76 |
| 1934 | Anura Säve-Söderbergh p. 17 |
| 1940 | Jeholobatrachus Endo |
| 1940 | Jeholobatrachus intermedius Endo |
| 1946 | Anura Kuhn p. 53 |
| 1954 | Anura Huene p. 12 |
| 1958 | Archaeobatrachia Reig |
| 1959 | Anura McGrew et al. p. 130 |
| 1960 | Eobatrachus Hecht and Estes p. 2 |
| 1960 | Eobatrachus agilis Hecht and Estes p. 2 |
| 1960 | Comobatrachus Hecht and Estes p. 6 |
| 1960 | Comobatrachus aenigmatis Hecht and Estes pp. 6-7 figs. Pl. 1:2,4,6 |
| 1961 | Vieraellidae Reig |
| 1979 | Montsechobatrachus Gomez Pallerola p. 342 |
| 1979 | Montsechobatrachus gaudryi Gomez Pallerola p. 342 figs. photo 9 |
| 1979 | Mesobatrachia Laurent |
| 1982 | Anura Gardiner p. 228 |
| 1983 | Pipoidei Dubois |
| 1988 | Anura Carroll |
| 1989 | Anura Gauthier et al. p. 349 |
| 1989 | Anura Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
| 1990 | Anura Holman et al. p. 523 |
| 1996 | Anura Frank and Ramus |
| 1998 | Anura Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka p. 578 |
| 1998 | Liaobatrachus Ji and Ji |
| 1998 | Anura Sanchiz |
| 1998 | Mesobatrachia Sanchiz |
| 1999 | Callobatrachus Wang and Gao |
| 2001 | Anura Gao and Wang p. 461 |
| 2001 | Mesophryne Gao and Wang p. 461 |
| 2001 | Callobatrachus Gao and Wang p. 464 |
| 2001 | Liaobatrachus Gao and Wang p. 468 |
| 2001 | Archaeobatrachia Gao and Wang p. 469 |
| 2001 | Anura Gardner p. 334 fig. 8 |
| 2001 | Anura Peng et al. p. 22 |
| 2001 | Anura Zardoya and Meyer p. 7380 |
| 2003 | Anura Meyer and Zardoya |
| 2004 | Anura Gao and Chen p. 762 |
| 2004 | Yizhoubatrachus Gao and Chen p. 762 |
| 2004 | Dalianbatrachus Gao and Liu |
| 2004 | Anura Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260 |
| 2004 | Callobatrachus Wang p. 1170 |
| 2004 | Liaobatrachus Wang p. 1170 |
| 2004 | Mesophryne Wang p. 1170 |
| 2006 | Anura Augé and Rage p. 237 |
| 2008 | Anura Anderson et al. p. 517 |
| 2008 | Anura Böhme p. 167 |
| 2008 | Anura Venczel and Stiuca p. 741 |
| 2010 | Anura Böhme p. 13 |
| 2010 | Liaobatrachus Zhou and Wang |
| 2010 | Mesophryne Zhou and Wang |
| 2010 | Yizhoubatrachus Zhou and Wang |
| 2010 | Callobatrachus Zhou and Wang pp. 639-641 fig. 1 |
| 2012 | Anura Fernicola and Albino |
| 2012 | Anura Maddin et al. |
| 2013 | Callobatrachus Baez |
| 2013 | Liaobatrachus Dong et al. |
| 2014 | Anura Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 569 |
| 2020 | Anura de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 410 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Anura Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [frog]
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Unr. †Acosmanura Savage 1973
+
G. Hadromophryne Hewitt 1913
G. Lithobates Fitzinger 1843
G. Phrynobatrachus Günther 1862
G. Pristimantis Espada 1870
Fm. Discoglossidae Günther 1859 [painted frog]
+
G. Alytes Wagler 1829 [midwife toad]
+
Alytes dickhilleni Arntzen and Garcia Paris 1995
†Alytes muletensis Sanchiz and Adrover 1979
Alytes obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]
Invalid names: Baleaphryne Sanchiz and Adrover 1979 [synonym]
G. Barbourula Taylor and Noble 1924 [jungle toad]
G. Discoglossus Otth 1837 [painted frog]
+
Discoglossus galganoi Capula et al. 1985
Discoglossus jeanneae Busack 1986
Discoglossus nigriventer Mendelssohn and Steinitz 1943
Discoglossus pictus Otth 1837 [Painted frog]
Discoglossus sardus Tschudi 1837 [Sardinia painted frog]
G. †Eodiscoglossus Villalta 1957
+
†Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis Evans et al. 1990
†Eodiscoglossus santonjae Villalta 1957
G. †Latonia von Meyer 1843
+
†Latonia gigantea Lartet 1851
+
Invalid names: Latonia feifari Hodrová 1987 [synonym], Rana batthyanyi Bolkay 1913 [synonym], Rana sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [synonym]
†Latonia ragei Hossini 1993
†Latonia seyfriedi von Meyer 1843
G. Pelophilus Tschudi 1838
Subor. Discoglossoidea Sokol 1977
+
Fm. Bombinatoridae Gray 1825
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G. Bombina Oken 1816 [fire-bellied toad]
+
Bombina bombina Linnaeus 1761 [European fire-bellied toad]
Bombina orientalis Boulenger 1890 [Oriental firebelly toad]
Bombina variegata Linnaeus 1758 [Yellowbelly toad]
Fm. †Eleutherodactylidae Lutz 1954
+
Fm. †Gobiatidae Ročec and Nessov 1993
+
G. †Gobiates Spinar and Tatarinov 1986
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†Gobiates asiaticus Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates bogatchovi Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates dzhyrakudukensis Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates fritschi Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates furcatus Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates khermeentsavi Spinar and Tatarinov 1986
†Gobiates kizylkumensis Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates leptocolaptus Borsuk-Bialynicka 1978
†Gobiates sosedkoi Nessov 1981
†Gobiates spinari Ročec and Nessov 1993
†Gobiates tatarinovi Ročec and Nessov 1993
Fm. Leiopelmatidae Mivart 1869
+
G. Leiopelma Fitzinger 1861
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†Leiopelma acricarina Worthy et al. 2013
†Leiopelma auroraensis Worthy 1987
Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch 1919 [Hamiltons frog]
Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger 1861 [Hochstetters New Zealand frog]
†Leiopelma markhami Worthy 1987
†Leiopelma miocaenale Worthy et al. 2013
†Leiopelma waitomoensis Worthy 1987
Invalid names: Ascaphidae Fejérváry 1923 [synonym], Leiopelmatinae Mivart 1869 [empty]
Unr. Neobatrachia Reig 1958
+
Unr. †Australobatrachia Frost and Grant 2006
+
Fm. †Calyptocephalellidae Reig 1960
+
G. †Baurubatrachus Báez and Perí 1989
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†Baurubatrachus pricei Báez and Perí 1989
†Baurubatrachus santosdoroi Muzzopappa et al. 2022
G. Calyptocephalella Strand 1926 [helmeted water toad]
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†Calyptocephalella canqueli Schaeffer 1949
Calyptocephalella gayi Duméril and Bibron 1841
†Calyptocephalella sabrosa Muzzopappa et al. 2021
Invalid names: Calyptocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1841 [replaced]
G. †Gigantobatrachus Casamiquela 1958
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†Gigantobatrachus casamiquelai Agnolin 2012
†Gigantobatrachus parodii Casamiquela 1958
Invalid names: Calyptocephalella satan Agnolin 2012 [nomen dubium], Indobatrachus Noble 1930 [nomen dubium], Saniwa australis Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Bufonidae Gray 1825 [toad]
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G. Bufo Laurenti 1768
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Bufo alvarius Girard 1859 [Colorado river toad]
Bufo americanus Holbrook 1836 [American toad]
†Bufo arenarius Taylor 1936
Bufo bufo Linnaeus 1758
Bufo calamita Cope 1864
†Bufo defensor Meylan 2001 [toad]
†Bufo hibbardi Taylor 1936
†Bufo holmani Parmley 1992
†Bufo kuhrei Holman 1973
†Bufo linquensis Yang 1977
Bufo marinus Tihen 1962
Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799
Bufo obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]
†Bufo pliocompactilis Wilson 1968
†Bufo praevius Tihen 1951 [toad]
†Bufo serratus Filhol 1876
Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre 1789 [Southern toad]
†Bufo tiheni Auffenberg 1957 [toad]
†Bufo valentinensis Estes and Tihen 1964
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 [European green toad]
Bufo woodhousei Girard 1854 [Woodhouse's toad]
Bufo woodhousii fowleri Hinckley 1882
G. Peltophryne Fitzinger 1843
Fm. †Ceratophryidae Evans et al. 2014
+
Fm. †Ceratophrynidae Tschudi 1838
+
G. Ceratophrys Wied 1824 [South American horned frog]
+
†Ceratophrys prisca Ameghino 1899
†Ceratophrys sagani Barcelos et al. 2020
G. Chacophrys Reig and Limeses 1963 [escuercito]
G. Lepidobatrachus Budgett 1899 [Budgett's frog]
+
†Lepidobatrachus dibumartinez Turazzini and Gómez 2023
G. †Hungarobatrachus Szentesi and Venczel 2010
+
†Hungarobatrachus szukacsi Szentesi and Venczel 2010
Superfm. Hyloidea Ford and Cannatella 1993
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Fm. Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 [tree frog]
+
G. Acris Dumeril and Bibron 1841 [cricket frog]
+
Acris crepitans Baird 1854 [northern cricket frog]
Acris gryllus Le Conte 1825 [southern cricket frog]
G. Chorophilus Baird 1854
G. Hyla Laurenti 1768 [tree frog]
+
Hyla arborea Linnaeus 1758
†Hyla baderi Lynch 1965
†Hyla barbudensis Auffenberg 1959 [tree frog]
Hyla cinerea Schneider 1799 [American green tree frog]
†Hyla europaea Noble 1928
†Hyla goini Auffenberg 1956 [tree frog]
Hyla gratiosa Le Conte 1856 [barking treefrog]
†Hyla miocenica Holman 1966
Hyla squirella Bosc 1800 [squirrel treefrog]
Hyla versicolor Le Conte 1825 [gray tree frog]
Subfm. Hylinae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Osteopilus Fitzinger 1843
G. Pseudacris Fitzinger 1843 [chorus frog]
G. Pternohyla Boulenger 1882
Subfm. Pelodryadinae Günther 1858
+
G. Cyclorana Steindachner 1867
G. Litoria Tschudi 1838 [Australiasian treefrog]
G. Pelodryas Gunther 1858
G. Smilisca Cope 1865
Invalid names: Phyllomedusinae Günther 1858 [empty]
Fm. Leptodactylidae Stirton 1953
+
G. Eupsophus Fitzinger 1843
G. Eusophus Fitzinger 1843
G. Lechriodus Boulenger 1882 [black soled frog]
+
†Lechriodus casca Tyler and Godthelp 1993
†Lechriodus intergerivus Tyler 1989
G. Limnodynastes Fitzinger 1843
+
Limnodynastes archeri Tyler 1981
Limnodynastes dumerili Peters 1864
Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Günther 1858 [spotted marsh frog]
G. Syrrhopus Boulenger 1888
Fm. Myobatrachidae Schlegel 1850 [Australian froglet]
+
Subfm. Limnodynastinae Tyler 1978
+
G. Heleioporus Gray 1841
G. Kyarranus Moore 1958
G. Neobatrachus Peters 1863
G. Philoria Spencer 1901
Superfm. Ranoidea Rafinesque 1814
+
Fm. Ranidae Rafinesque 1814
+
G. †Asphaerion von Meyer 1847
G. Chaparana Smith 1922 [Asian frogs]
G. Platymantis Günther 1858
G. Ptychadena Boulenger 1917
G. Rana Linnaeus 1758
+
Rana arborea Linnaeus 1758
Rana bufo Linnaeus 1758
Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802 [American bullfrog]
Rana cultripes Tschudi 1838
Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1839
+
Invalid names: Rana agiloides Brunner 1951 [synonym], Rana muelleri Brunner 1959 [synonym]
Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885
Rana pipiens Schreber 1782 [Northern leopard frog]
†Rana pliocenica Zweifel 1954
Rana punctata Daudin 1802
Invalid names: Anchylorana Taylor 1942 [synonym], Anchylorana dubita Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Anchylorana moorei Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Rana basaltica Young 1936 [nomen dubium], Rana bucella Holman 1965 [nomen dubium], Rana fayeae Taylor 1942 [nomen dubium], Rana johnsoni La Rivers 1953 [nomen dubium], Rana meriani Meyer 1853 [nomen dubium], Rana miocenica Holman 1965 [nomen dubium], Rana parvissima Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás 1922 [nomen dubium], Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás 1922 [nomen dubium], Rana rexroadensis Taylor 1942 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Raninae [empty]
Invalid names: Ptychadenidae Dubois 1987 [empty]
Fm. Telmatobiidae Fitzinger 1843 [water frog]
+
Invalid names: Heleophrynidae Noble 1931 [empty], Sooglossidae Noble 1931 [empty]
Fm. Odontophrynidae Pyron and Wiens 2011
+
G. Odontophrynus Reinhardt and Lutken 1862
+
Odontophrynus americanus Dumeril and Bibron 1841
Odontophrynus cordobae Martino and Sinsch 2002
Superfm. Pelobatoidea Laurent 1979
+
Fm. Pelobatidae Lataste 1879 [spadefoot toad]
+
G. †Enigmatosaurus Nopcsa 1926
G. †Eopelobates Parker 1929
+
†Eopelobates anthracinus Parker 1929
†Eopelobates bayeri Spinar 1952
†Eopelobates grandis Zweifel 1956
†Eopelobates hiuschei Kuhn 1941
†Eopelobates wagneri Weitzel 1938
G. Leptobrachium Tschudi 1838 [Eastern spadefoot toad]
G. †Miopelobates Wettstein-Westersheimb 1955
G. Pelobates Wagler 1830 [spadefoot toad]
+
Pelobates cultripes Tschudi 1838
†Pelobates fahlbuschi Böhme 2010
Pelobates fuscus Laurenti 1768 [Common Eurasian spadefoot toad]
Pelobates syriacus Boettger 1889 [Syrian spadefoot toad]
Pelobates varaldii Pasteur and Bons 1959 [Moroccan spadefoot toad]
G. Scaphiopus Holbrook 1836 [spadefoot toad]
+
Subg. Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) Holbrook 1836
+
Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) couchi Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]
Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) holbrooki Harlan 1835 [Eastern spadefoot toad]
Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) hurteri Strecker 1910 [Hurter's spadefoot toad]
†Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) wardorum Estes and Tihen 1964
Scaphiopus couchii Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]
G. Spea Cope 1866
+
†Scaphiopus (Spea) alexanderi Zweifel 1956
Spea bombifrons Cope 1863 [Plains spadefoot]
Spea hammondii Baird 1859 [Western spadefoot toad]
Spea intermontana Cope 1883 [Great Basin spadefoot toad]
Spea multiplicata Cope 1863 [New Mexico spadefoot toad]
†Spea neuter Kluge 1966
†Spea studeri Taylor 1938
Invalid names: Neoscaphiopus Taylor 1942 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelobatinae Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Fm. Pelodytidae Cope 1866 [parsley frog]
+
G. Pelodytes Fitzinger 1838 [parsley frog]
+
Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 [Caucasus parsley frog]
Pelodytes punctatus Daudin 1802
Subor. Phaneroglossa Wagler
+
Unr. Arcifera Cope 1865
+
Invalid names: Amphignathodontidae Boulenger 1882 [empty], Asterophrydidae Copee 1866 [empty], Dendrophryniscidae Jiménez de la Espada 1870 [empty]
Unr. Firmisternia Cope 1875
+
Invalid names: Dendrobatidae Cope 1865 [empty], Dyscophidae Boulenger 1882 [empty], Phryniscidae Cope 1867 [empty]
Superfm. Pipoidea Fitzinger 1843
+
Unr. Panpipidae Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019
+
Unr. †Shelaniinae Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019
+
G. †Shelania Casamiquela 1960
+
†Shelania laurenti Baez and Pugener 1998
†Shelania pascuali Casamiquela 1960
Fm. Rhinophrynidae [burrowing toad]
+
G. Rhinophrynus Dumeril and Bibron 1841 [burrowing toad]
+
†Rhinophrynus canadensis Holman 1963
Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril and Bibron 1841 [Mexican burrowing toad]
Invalid names: Aglossa Cope 1875 [invalid subgroup]
Subor. †Proanura Romer 1945
+
G. †Thaumastosaurus De Stefano 1903
+
†Thaumastosaurus bottii De Stefano 1903
†Thaumastosaurus gezei Rage and Rocek 2007
+
Invalid names: Rana cadurcorum Martin et al. 2012 [synonym], Rana plicata Filhol 1876 [synonym]
†Thaumastosaurus wardi Holman and Harrison 2002
Unr. Xenoanura Savage 1973
+
Unr. Pipimorpha Ford and Cannatella 1993
+
G. †Cordicephalus Nevo 1968
+
Fm. †Palaeobatrachidae Cope 1865
+
G. †Palaeobatrachus Tschudi 1839
+
†Palaeobatrachus diluvianus Goldfuss 1831
†Palaeobatrachus eurydices Villa et al. 2016
†Palaeobatrachus grandipes Giebel 1851
†Palaeobatrachus laubei Bieber 1881
†Palaeobatrachus luedecki Wolterstorff 1886
†Palaeobatrachus occidentalis Estes and Sanchíz 1982
†Palaeobatrachus robustus Hossini and Rage 2000
Fm. Pipidae Gray 1825 [clawed frog]
+
Subfm. Pipinae Gray 1825
+
Tr. Hymenochirini Bolkay 1919
G. Pipa Laurenti 1768 [Surinam toad]
G. †Singidella Báez and Harrison 2005
G. Xenopus Wagler 1827 [clawed frog]
+
†Xenopus arabiensis Henrici and Báez 2001
Xenopus boiei Wagler 1827
†Xenopus hasaunus Spinar 1980
Xenopus laevis Daudin 1802 [African clawed frog]
Xenopus muelleri Peters 1844 [Muller's clawed frog]
†Xenopus romeri Estes 1975
†Xenopus stromeri Ahl 1926
Xenopus wittei Tinsley et al. 1979 [Witte's clawed frog]
Unr. †Pipinomorpha Báez and Pugener 2003
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Invalid names: Allophyrnidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Archaeobatrachia Reig 1958 [invalid subgroup], Arthroleptidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Centrolenidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Comobatrachus Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Comobatrachus aenigmatis Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Diacium unipedalis Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Ecaudata Scopoli 1777 [synonym], Eobatrachus Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Eobatrachus agilis Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Epicria Fitzinger 1843 [empty], Hemisotidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Hyperoliidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Jeholobatrachus Endo 1940 [nomen nudum], Lalagobatrachia Frost and Grant 2006 [empty], Liaobatrachus Ji and Ji 1998 [nomen dubium], Mesobatrachia Laurent 1979 [invalid subgroup], Montsechobatrachus Fejervary 1921 [nomen dubium], Montsechobatrachus gaudryi Vidal 1902 [nomen dubium], Opisthocoela Owen 1859 [empty], Palaeobatrachoidea Bolkay 1919 [empty], Pseudidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Rhinodermatidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Scaphiophryninae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Vieraellidae Reig 1961 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available