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Euspira

Gastropoda - Naticidae

Taxonomy
Euspira was named by Agassiz (1837) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Natica (Euspira) by Clark (1915); it was reranked as Polinices (Euspira) by Clark and Arnold (1923), Oldroyd (1925), Nagao (1928), Soper and Grant, IV (1932), Turner (1938), Durham (1944), Janssen (1969), Marincovich (1977), Hickman (1980), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995), Garvie (2013).

It was assigned to Natica by Clark (1915); to Naticinae by Harris and Palmer (1947), MacNeil (1960), Sohl (1964), Kase (1984); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Naticidae by Popenoe (1937), Gardner (1947), Skwarko (1967), Abbass (1967), Iqbal (1973), Adegoke (1977), Wienrich (2001), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008); to Polinicinae by Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Majima (1989), Dockery (1993), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Harzhauser (2002), Stilwell et al. (2004), Pastorino (2005), Huelsken et al. (2008), Pedriali and Robba (2009); and to Polinices by Clark and Arnold (1923), Oldroyd (1925), Nagao (1928), Soper and Grant, IV (1932), Turner (1938), Durham (1944), Janssen (1969), Marincovich (1977), Hickman (1980), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995), Garvie (2013).

Species
E. antarctidia, E. bononiensis, E. catena, E. catenoides, E. compressa, E. constricta, E. draconis, E. ella, E. falklandica, E. gianoi, E. glaucinoides, E. gregori, E. grossularia, E. guamblinensis, E. halli, E. helicina, E. heros, E. internus, E. jacksonensis, E. jhuraensis, E. lakhaparensis, E. latecallosa, E. lewisii, E. marianus, E. marylandica, E. meisensis (syn. Polinices (Euspira) otukai, Polinices (Euspira) ashiyaensis), E. molarensis, E. morisi, E. notabilis, E. ottogeyeri, E. pallida (syn. Polinices groenlandicus), E. patagonica (syn. Natica subantarctica, Natica recognita, Natica magellanica, Polinices (Euspira) vaginatus), E. perforata, E. piccolii, E. politiana, E. popenoei, E. propeinternus, E. pulchella, E. punjabensis, E. rectilabrum (syn. Polinices rectilabrum texanus, Lunatia wadei), E. roei, E. saginata, E. sergipensis, E. soriensis, E. strebeli, E. submamillaris, E. subobturata, E. tabulata, E. triseriata, E. umbilicocarinata, E. umbilicolunata, E. vicanus, E. waltonensis, Laguncula dorotheae, Laguncula montrisouensis, Natica (Euspira) diabloensis, Natica (Euspira) kirkensis, Natica (Euspira) ramonensis, Polinices (Euspira) agujanus, Polinices (Euspira) blakeleyensis, Polinices (Euspira) clementensis, Polinices (Euspira) crawfordianus, Polinices (Euspira) diabloensis, Polinices (Euspira) draconis, Polinices (Euspira) galianoi (syn. Natica (Neverita) orbicularis), Polinices (Euspira) gesteri, Polinices (Euspira) hotsoni, Polinices (Euspira) lewisii, Polinices (Euspira) lincolnensis (syn. Polinices canalis, Polinices (Euspira) victoriana), Polinices (Euspira) litorinus, Polinices (Euspira) nuciformis (syn. Lunatia cowlitzensis), Polinices (Euspira) pallidus, Polinices (Euspira) pardoanus, Polinices (Euspira) ramonensis, Polinices (Euspira) simiensis, Polinices (Euspira) vientoensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
E. achatensis, E. cyclostomoides, E. micromphalus, E. oweni, E. pueyrredonensis, E. rotunda, E. saxosulensis, E. stantoni, Polinices staringi

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1833Pseudopolinices Golikov
1837Euspira Agassiz
1842Laguncula Benson
1847Bensonia Gray
1915Natica (Euspira) Clark p. 486
1918Labellinacca Cossmann
1923Polinices (Euspira) Clark and Arnold p. 170 figs. Plate 33, Figs. 1a, 1b, 5a, 5b
1925Polinices (Euspira) Oldroyd p. 19
1928Polinices (Euspira) Nagao p. 95
1932Polinices (Euspira) Soper and Grant, IV p. 1063
1937Euspira Popenoe p. 398
1938Polinices (Euspira) Turner p. 88
1944Polinices (Euspira) Durham p. 159
1947Euspira Gardner p. 551
1947Euspira Harris and Palmer p. 251
1960Euspira MacNeil p. 57
1964Euspira Sohl p. 369
1967Euspira Abbass p. 78
1967Euspira Skwarko p. 23
1969Polinices (Euspira) Janssen p. 163
1973Euspira Iqbal p. 24
1977Euspira Adegoke p. 134
1977Polinices (Euspira) Marincovich p. 264
1977Scarlatia Schileyko
1980Polinices (Euspira) Hickman p. 36
1983Euspira Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 104
1984Euspira Kase p. 156
1984Polinices (Euspira) Squires p. 25
1987Polinices (Euspira) Squires p. 37
1989Euspira Majima p. 33
1993Euspira Dockery p. 40
1995Polinices (Euspira) Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 57
2001Euspira Harzhauser and Mandic p. 703
2001Euspira Wienrich p. 424
2002Euspira Harzhauser p. 89
2002Bensonia Sepkoski
2002Euspira Sepkoski
2004Euspira Stilwell et al. pp. 33, 34
2005Euspira Pastorino p. 240
2008Euspira Huelsken et al. p. 29
2008Euspira Nielson and Valdovinos p. 207
2009Euspira Pedriali and Robba p. 387
2013Polinices (Euspira) Garvie pp. 41 - 42

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superfamilyNaticoidea(Forbes 1838)
familyNaticidaeGuilding 1834
subfamilyPolinicinaeGray 1847
genusEuspiraAgassiz 1837

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Euspira Agassiz 1837
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†Euspira antarctidia Stilwell et al. 2004
†Euspira bononiensis Foresti 1884
Euspira catena da Costa 1778
†Euspira catenoides Wood 1842
†Euspira compressa Waring 1917
Euspira draconis Dall 1903 [Drake's moon snail]
†Euspira ella Olsson 1954
Euspira falklandica Preston 1913
†Euspira gianoi Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira glaucinoides Sowerby 1812
†Euspira gregori Etayo-Serna 1979
†Euspira grossularia Marche-Marchad 1957
†Euspira guamblinensis Frassinetti and Covacevich 1995
†Euspira halli Gabb 1860
†Euspira helicina Brocchi 1814
+
†Euspira helicina helicina Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira heros Say 1822
†Euspira internus Say 1824
†Euspira jacksonensis Harris and Palmer 1947
†Euspira jhuraensis Das et al. 2019
†Euspira lakhaparensis Das et al. 2019
†Euspira latecallosa Robba et al. 2016
Euspira lewisii Gould 1847 [Lewis's moon snail]
†Euspira marianus Murphy and Rodda 1960
†Euspira marylandica Conrad 1865
†Euspira meisensis Makiyama 1926
+
Invalid names: Polinices (Euspira) ashiyaensis Nagao 1928 [synonym], Polinices (Euspira) otukai Masuda 1956 [synonym]
†Euspira molarensis Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira morisi Awad and Abed 1967
†Euspira notabilis Jeffreys 1885
†Euspira ottogeyeri Etayo-Serna 1979
Euspira pallida Broderip and Sowerby 1829
+
Invalid names: Polinices groenlandicus Möller 1842 [synonym]
Euspira patagonica Philippi 1845
+
Invalid names: Natica magellanica Hombron and Jacquinot 1854 [synonym], Natica recognita Mabille and Rochebrune 1889 [synonym], Natica subantarctica Preston 1913 [synonym], Polinices (Euspira) vaginatus Dall 1908 [synonym]
†Euspira perforata Deshayes 1864
†Euspira piccolii Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira politiana Dall 1919
†Euspira popenoei Murphy and Rodda 1960
†Euspira propeinternus Mansfield 1935
†Euspira pulchella Risso 1826
†Euspira punjabensis Eames 1952
†Euspira rectilabrum Conrad 1858
+
Invalid names: Lunatia wadei Cossmann 1925 [synonym], Polinices rectilabrum texanus Stephenson 1941 [synonym]
†Euspira roei Cox 1930
†Euspira saginata Böhm 1895
†Euspira sergipensis Maury 1936
†Euspira soriensis Eames 1952
Euspira strebeli Dall 1908
†Euspira submamillaris Sacco 1890
†Euspira subobturata Sacco 1891
†Euspira tabulata Gabb 1869
†Euspira umbilicocarinata Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira umbilicolunata Robba et al. 2016
†Euspira vicanus Olsson 1928
†Euspira waltonensis Mansfield 1935
Polinices (Euspira) draconis Dall 1903 [Drake's moon snail]
+
Invalid names: Natica (Neverita) orbicularis Nomland 1916 [synonym]
†Polinices (Euspira) gesteri Dickerson 1916
†Polinices (Euspira) hotsoni Weaver and Palmer 1922
Polinices (Euspira) lewisii Gould 1847 [Lewis's moon snail]
+
Invalid names: Polinices (Euspira) victoriana Clark and Arnold 1923 [synonym], Polinices canalis Moore 1963 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Lunatia cowlitzensis Dickerson 1915 [synonym]
†Polinices (Euspira) vientoensis Clark and Durham 1946
Invalid names: Bensonia Gray 1847 [synonym], Labellinacca Cossmann 1918 [synonym], Laguncula Benson 1842 [synonym], Pseudopolinices Golikov 1833 [synonym], Scarlatia Schileyko 1977 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
L. Marincovich 1977Shell small to large, globose; whorls moderately to greatly inflated; suture weakly to deeply impressed. Umbilical callus usually slender, may be slightly broad, never closing umbilicus. Parietal callus thin to moderately thick.