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Proarcestes
Taxonomy
Proarcestes was named by Mojsisovic (1893) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis-m Tr Carn Sepkoski's reference number: 302]. It is not extant.
It was reranked as Arcestes (Proarcestes) by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905).
It was assigned to Arcestes by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905); to Proarcestidae by Arkadiev et al. (1993); to Ceratitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Arcestidae by Spath (1951), Astakhova (1971), Tozer (1981), Fantini Sestini (1994), Fantini Sestini (1996), Lukeneder and Lukeneder (2014), Vörös (2018).
It was reranked as Arcestes (Proarcestes) by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905).
It was assigned to Arcestes by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905); to Proarcestidae by Arkadiev et al. (1993); to Ceratitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Arcestidae by Spath (1951), Astakhova (1971), Tozer (1981), Fantini Sestini (1994), Fantini Sestini (1996), Lukeneder and Lukeneder (2014), Vörös (2018).
Species
Arcestes (Proarcestes) carpenteri, Arcestes (Proarcestes) pacificus, Arcestes (Proarcestes) shastensis, Arcestes (Proarcestes) traski, Arcestes (Proarcestes) whitneyi, Arcestes (Proarcestes) winnemae, P. ausseeanus, P. balfouri (syn. Arcestes (Proarcestes) hartzelli), P. barrandei, P. bicarinatus (syn. Ammonites maximiliani, Ammonites labiatus), P. boeckhi, P. bramantei, P. danai, P. dittmari, P. escheri, P. esinensis, P. gabbi, P. gaytani, P. marcheanus, P. marcoui, P. moeschi, P. mojsisovicsi, P. nevadanus, P. pannonicus, P. planus, P. reyeri, P. subtridentinus, P. wittenburgi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1893 | Proarcestes Mojsisovic |
| 1896 | Arcestes (Proarcestes) von Mojsisovics |
| 1905 | Arcestes (Proarcestes) Hyatt and Smith p. 74 |
| 1951 | Proarcestes Spath p. 127 |
| 1971 | Proarcestes Astakhova p. 75 |
| 1981 | Proarcestes Tozer p. 95 |
| 1993 | Proarcestes Arkadiev et al. p. 39 |
| 1994 | Proarcestes Fantini Sestini |
| 1996 | Proarcestes Fantini Sestini |
| 2002 | Proarcestes Sepkoski |
| 2014 | Proarcestes Lukeneder and Lukeneder p. 382 |
| 2018 | Proarcestes Vörös p. 143 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Proarcestes Mojsisovic 1893
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†Arcestes (Proarcestes) carpenteri Smith 1927
†Arcestes (Proarcestes) pacificus Hyatt and Smith 1905
†Arcestes (Proarcestes) shastensis Smith 1927
†Arcestes (Proarcestes) traski Smith 1927
†Arcestes (Proarcestes) whitneyi Smith 1927
†Arcestes (Proarcestes) winnemae Smith 1927
†Proarcestes ausseeanus Hauer 1847
†Proarcestes balfouri Oppel 1863
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Invalid names: Arcestes (Proarcestes) hartzelli Smith 1914 [synonym]
†Proarcestes barrandei Laube 1869
†Proarcestes bicarinatus Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Ammonites labiatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Ammonites maximiliani Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
†Proarcestes boeckhi Mojsisovics 1882
†Proarcestes bramantei Mojsisovics 1869
†Proarcestes danai von Mojsisovics 1875
†Proarcestes dittmari von Mojsisovics 1875
†Proarcestes escheri Mojsisovics 1875
†Proarcestes esinensis Mojsisovics 1880
†Proarcestes gabbi Meek 1877
†Proarcestes gaytani Klipstein 1843
†Proarcestes marcheanus Mojsisovics 1882
†Proarcestes marcoui von Mojsisovics 1875
†Proarcestes moeschi von Mojsisovics 1875
†Proarcestes mojsisovicsi Hauer 1860
†Proarcestes nevadanus Hyatt and Smith 1905
†Proarcestes pannonicus Mojsisovics 1870
†Proarcestes planus Shevyrev 1995
†Proarcestes reyeri Mojsisovics 1882
†Proarcestes subtridentinus Mojsisovics 1882
†Proarcestes wittenburgi Shevyrev 1995
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 13 | 28.6 | 11.4 | 79.0 | 28.7 | 22.1 | |
| shell diameter | 13 | 38.8 | 18.3 | 130.0 | 34.4 | 30.3 | |
| shell inflation | 13 | 0.763 | 0.001 | 5.10 | 2.80 | 1.69 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Kiessling 2003 | |||||
Collections (209 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | Greece (Epidavros) | P. jacobshageni (211423) | |
| Anisian | China (Guizhou) | P. sp. (60842) | |
| Anisian | Italy (Belluno) | Arcestes bramantei (212328) | |
| Anisian | Austria | Arcestes bramantei (136182) | |
| Anisian | Austria (Innsbruck) | P. bramantei (202275) P. bramantei, P. pannonicus, P. reyeri (202274) | |
| Anisian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | P. bramantei (206205) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Italy (Udine) | P. subtridentinus, P. boeckhi, P. pannonicus, P. reyeri (201597) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Oman | P. sp. (73255) | |
| Middle Triassic | Italy (Trento) | Arcestes boeckhi (202272) | |
| Bithynian | Russian Federation | P. bramantei (99512 99521) | |
| Bithynian | Greece (Epidavros) | P. sp. (211424) P. subtridentinus (211427) | |
| Bithynian | Türkiye | P. bramantei (143866 143942 143950) P. sp. (143899) | |
| Pelsonian | Albania | P. sp. (108987) | |
| Pelsonian | Canada (British Columbia) | P. sp. (139032) | |
| Pelsonian | Austria | P. sp. (216624) | |
| Pelsonian | Türkiye | P. bramantei (143955 143960 143974) P. bramantei, P. escheri (143933 143956 143961) P. escheri (143953) P. sp., P. bramantei, P. escheri (143904) | |
| Pelsonian | USA (Nevada) | P. bramantei (113710 115589) | |
| Pelsonian - Tuvalian | Türkiye (Anatolia) | P. bramantei, P. balfouri, P. escheri (204511) P. bramantei, P. escheri, P. subtridentinus, P. pannonicus (204518) | |
| Illyrian | Switzerland (Ticino) | P. extralabiatus (44683 44684 44687 44688 44691) | |
| Illyrian | Italy | P. sp. (233832) | |
| Illyrian | Italy (Trentino) | P. sp. (44643) | |
| Illyrian | Greece (Epidavros) | P. extralabiatus (211432) P. extralabiatus, P. bramandei, P. escheri, P. esinensis (211433) P. obonii, P. jacobshageni, P. bramantei, P. escheri, P. esinensis (211431) | |
| Illyrian | Croatia | P. sp. (214519) | |
| Illyrian | USA (Nevada) | Ammonites ausseanus (142628) Arcestes gabbi (142671) Arcestes hartzelli, Arcestes quadrilabiatus (33225) P. balfouri (38920 40753 40760 57090 142862 142865 142869 143013 143029) P. bramantei (115465 115466 115467 115469 115471 115472 115483 115485 115488 115491 115502 115506 115507 115513 115516 115517 115527 115528 115530 115534 115537 115538 115553 115557 115563 115565 115585 115586 115587 116480 116488) P. gabbi (33198 38927 142860 142870 143018 143023 143025 143219) | |
| Illyrian | Italy (Lombardy) | P. sp. (44556) | |
| Illyrian | Hungary | P. sp. (182662 182663 199584 199585 199588 199589 199590 199591 199598 199844) | |
| Illyrian | Hungary (Veszprem) | P. sp. (43678 44596 199802 199804 199808 199809) | |
| Illyrian | Austria | Arcestes bramantei, Arcestes escheri (136996) P. sp. (126955) | |
| Illyrian - Fassanian | Italy (South Tyrol) | P. boeckhi (205103) | |
| Illyrian - Fassanian | USA (Nevada) | Arcestes gabbi (142621) | |
| Illyrian - Fassanian | Poland | Arcestes bramantei (195215) | |
| Fassanian | Spain | P. sp. (211521 211523) | |
| Fassanian | Italy (Lombardy) | P. sp. (44562 44570 44572 44573 44575) | |
| Fassanian | Italy (Bergamo) | P. pannonicus (33374 33385) P. pannonicus, P. marcheanus (33377) P. subtridentinus, P. pannonicus (33375) | |
| Fassanian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | P. sp. (97315 144477) | |
| Fassanian | Israel (Negev) | P. sp. (214652) | |
| Fassanian | Croatia | P. sp. (151164) | |
| Fassanian | Hungary | P. sp. (92049) | |
| Fassanian | USA (Nevada) | P. gabbi (143020) | |
| Ladinian | Italy (Lecco) | Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes boeckhi, Arcestes esinensis (211844 211850) | |
| Ladinian | Italy (South Tyrol) | P. esinensis (205127) | |
| Ladinian | Italy (Udine) | Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes pannonicus (211815) | |
| Ladinian | Hungary (Bakony) | Arcestes boeckhi (211759) P. subtridentinus (203348) | |
| Ladinian | Italy | P. sp. (50797) | |
| Ladinian | China (Guangxi) | P. bicinctus (44947) | |
| Ladinian | Hungary | Arcestes boeckhi, Arcestes esinensis (211845) Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes pannonicus (212326) | |
| Ladinian | Italy (Bergamo) | P. subtridentinus (211554) | |
| Longobardian | China (Guizhou) | P. sp. (213194) | |
| Longobardian | Iran | P. sp. (117903) | |
| Longobardian | Italy (Bergamo) | P. esinensis (211548) P. subtridentinus, P. boeckhi, P. reyeri, P. marcheanus (211549) | |
| Julian | Italy | Ammonites barrandei, Arcestes bicarinatus, Arcestes gaytani (144634) Ammonites bicarinatus (137429) Ammonites gaytani (146102) Ammonites labiatus (145649) Arcestes gaytani (159884) P. bicarinatus (50873) P. gaytani (56971 69248) | |
| Julian | Austria | Arcestes ausseeanus (159553) Arcestes danai, Arcestes ausseeanus, Arcestes gaytani, P. mojsisovicsi (159524) Arcestes gaytani (159577) Arcestes moeschi, Arcestes marcoui, Arcestes bicarinatus, Arcestes gaytani, Arcestes dittmari, P. mojsisovicsi (159521) Arcestes mojsisovicsi, Arcestes ausseeanus, Arcestes gaytani (159532) P. mojsisovicsi (160171) | |
| Julian | Hungary (Bakony) | Arcestes ausseeanus (203717) | |
| Julian | Türkiye | P. sp. (154848) | |
| Julian | Ukraine | P. gaytani (150935 150936 150937) | |
| Julian | Slovenia | Arcestes gaytani (85174) | |
| Julian | Russian Federation | P. gaytani (214799) P. planus (144005) | |
| Julian | Romania | P. gaytani (160170) | |
| Carnian | USA (Oregon) | Arcestes shastensis (220464) | |
| Carnian | India | Arcestes sp. (203524 210922) | |
| Carnian | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Arcestes ausseeanus (203564) Arcestes gaytani (206614) | |
| Carnian | Russian Federation | P. verchojanicum, P. gaytani (214696) | |
| Carnian | Greece | Arcestes bicarinatus (217093) | |
| Carnian | Italy (South Tyrol) | P. ausseeanus (205157) | |
| Carnian - Norian | USA (California) | Arcestes shastensis (38326) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (Alaska) | Arcestes shastensis (33415) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (California) | Arcestes carpenteri, Arcestes shastensis, Arcestes whitneyi (33327) Arcestes pacificus (142608 142609) Arcestes traski (33324) Arcestes whitneyi (144028) Arcestes winnemae (144372) | |
| Tuvalian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | P. korchinskajae (49632) | |
| Tuvalian | Canada (British Columbia) | P. sp. (49695) | |
| Tuvalian | Türkiye | P. sp. (154850 154851 154853 154854 154855 154856 154859 154860) | |
| Tuvalian | Russian Federation | P. planus (143995) P. sp. (214803) P. sp., P. planus (143996) P. verchojanicus (214800 214801 214802) P. wittenburgi (143997) | |
| Lacian | USA (Nevada) | Joannites nevadanus (33202) | |
| Norian | Nepal (Byans) | P. sp. (214672) | |
| Rhaetian | USA (Nevada) | Arcestes nevadanus (76607 76609) |