PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Proarcestes

Cephalopoda - Ammonoida - Arcestidae

Taxonomy

Proarcestes was named by Mojsisovic (1893) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis-m Tr Carn Sepkoski's reference number: 302]. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Arcestes (Proarcestes) by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905).

It was assigned to Arcestes by von Mojsisovics (1896), Hyatt and Smith (1905); to Proarcestidae by Arkadiev et al. (1993); to Ceratitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Arcestidae by Spath (1951), Astakhova (1971), Tozer (1981), Fantini Sestini (1994), Fantini Sestini (1996), Lukeneder and Lukeneder (2014), Vörös (2018).

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. bicinctus, P. obonii, P. verchojanicum, P. verchojanicus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1893	Proarcestes Mojsisovic
1896	Arcestes (Proarcestes) von Mojsisovics
1905	Arcestes (Proarcestes) Hyatt and Smith p. 74
1951	Proarcestes Spath p. 127
1971	Proarcestes Astakhova p. 75
1981	Proarcestes Tozer p. 95
1993	Proarcestes Arkadiev et al. p. 39
1994	Proarcestes Fantini Sestini
1996	Proarcestes Fantini Sestini
2002	Proarcestes Sepkoski
2014	Proarcestes Lukeneder and Lukeneder p. 382
2018	Proarcestes Vörös p. 143

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Coleoidea	Bather 1888
order	Ammonoida	(Haeckel 1866)
order	Ceratitida	Hyatt 1884
superfamily	Arcestoidea	(Mojsisovics 1875)
family	Arcestidae	Mojsisovics 1875
genus	Proarcestes	Mojsisovic 1893

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Proarcestes Mojsisovic 1893

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†Arcestes (Proarcestes) carpenteri Smith 1927

†Arcestes (Proarcestes) pacificus Hyatt and Smith 1905

†Arcestes (Proarcestes) shastensis Smith 1927

†Arcestes (Proarcestes) traski Smith 1927

†Arcestes (Proarcestes) whitneyi Smith 1927

†Arcestes (Proarcestes) winnemae Smith 1927

†Proarcestes ausseeanus Hauer 1847

†Proarcestes balfouri Oppel 1863

Invalid names: Arcestes (Proarcestes) hartzelli Smith 1914 [synonym]

†Proarcestes barrandei Laube 1869

†Proarcestes bicarinatus Münster 1841

Invalid names: Ammonites labiatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Ammonites maximiliani Klipstein 1843 [synonym]

†Proarcestes boeckhi Mojsisovics 1882

†Proarcestes bramantei Mojsisovics 1869

†Proarcestes danai von Mojsisovics 1875

†Proarcestes dittmari von Mojsisovics 1875

†Proarcestes escheri Mojsisovics 1875

†Proarcestes esinensis Mojsisovics 1880

†Proarcestes gabbi Meek 1877

†Proarcestes gaytani Klipstein 1843

†Proarcestes marcheanus Mojsisovics 1882

†Proarcestes marcoui von Mojsisovics 1875

†Proarcestes moeschi von Mojsisovics 1875

†Proarcestes mojsisovicsi Hauer 1860

†Proarcestes nevadanus Hyatt and Smith 1905

†Proarcestes pannonicus Mojsisovics 1870

†Proarcestes planus Shevyrev 1995

†Proarcestes reyeri Mojsisovics 1882

†Proarcestes subtridentinus Mojsisovics 1882

†Proarcestes wittenburgi Shevyrev 1995

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
shell height	13	28.6	11.4	79.0	28.7	22.1
shell diameter	13	38.8	18.3	130.0	34.4	30.3
shell inflation	13	0.763	0.001	5.10	2.80	1.69

Composition:

aragoniteo

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Vision:

well-developedc

Created:

2005-01-28 02:33:06

Modified:

2005-10-06 16:36:47

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2003, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Aegean to the top of the Rhaetian or 246.70000 to 201.40000 Ma

Collections (209 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aegean	246.7 - 244.99	Greece (Epidavros)	P. jacobshageni (211423)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	China (Guizhou)	P. sp. (60842)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Austria	Arcestes bramantei (136182)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Austria (Innsbruck)	P. bramantei (202275) P. bramantei, P. pannonicus, P. reyeri (202274)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	India (Himachal Pradesh)	P. bramantei (206205)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Italy (Belluno)	Arcestes bramantei (212328)
Anisian - Ladinian	246.7 - 237.0	Italy (Udine)	P. subtridentinus, P. boeckhi, P. pannonicus, P. reyeri (201597)
Anisian - Ladinian	246.7 - 237.0	Oman	P. sp. (73255)
Middle Triassic	246.7 - 237.0	Italy (Trento)	Arcestes boeckhi (202272)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Turkey	P. bramantei (143866 143942 143950) P. sp. (143899)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Greece (Epidavros)	P. sp. (211424) P. subtridentinus (211427)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Russian Federation	P. bramantei (99512 99521)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Canada (British Columbia)	P. sp. (139032)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Turkey	P. bramantei (143955 143960 143974) P. bramantei, P. escheri (143933 143956 143961) P. escheri (143953) P. sp., P. bramantei, P. escheri (143904)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Austria	P. sp. (216624)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	USA (Nevada)	P. bramantei (113710 115589)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Albania	P. sp. (108987)
Pelsonian - Tuvalian	244.24 - 227.3	Turkey (Anatolia)	P. bramantei, P. balfouri, P. escheri (204511) P. bramantei, P. escheri, P. subtridentinus, P. pannonicus (204518)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Hungary (Veszprem)	P. sp. (43678 44596 199802 199804 199808 199809)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Greece (Epidavros)	P. extralabiatus (211432) P. extralabiatus, P. bramandei, P. escheri, P. esinensis (211433) P. obonii, P. jacobshageni, P. bramantei, P. escheri, P. esinensis (211431)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Austria	Arcestes bramantei, Arcestes escheri (136996) P. sp. (126955)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Switzerland (Ticino)	P. extralabiatus (44683 44684 44687 44688 44691)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Hungary	P. sp. (182662 182663 199584 199585 199588 199589 199590 199591 199598 199844)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Italy (Lombardy)	P. sp. (44556)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	USA (Nevada)	Ammonites ausseanus (142628) Arcestes gabbi (142671) Arcestes hartzelli, Arcestes quadrilabiatus (33225) P. balfouri (38920 40753 40760 57090 142862 142865 142869 143013 143029) P. bramantei (115465 115466 115467 115469 115471 115472 115483 115485 115488 115491 115502 115506 115507 115513 115516 115517 115527 115528 115530 115534 115537 115538 115553 115557 115563 115565 115585 115586 115587 116480 116488) P. gabbi (33198 38927 142860 142870 143018 143023 143025 143219)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Croatia	P. sp. (214519)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Italy	P. sp. (233832)
Illyrian	243.33 - 241.464	Italy (Trentino)	P. sp. (44643)
Illyrian - Fassanian	243.33 - 239.48	USA (Nevada)	Arcestes gabbi (142621)
Illyrian - Fassanian	243.33 - 239.48	Italy (South Tyrol)	P. boeckhi (205103)
Illyrian - Fassanian	243.33 - 239.48	Poland	Arcestes bramantei (195215)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	P. sp. (97315 144477)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Spain	P. sp. (211521 211523)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Israel (Negev)	P. sp. (214652)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Italy (Lombardy)	P. sp. (44562 44570 44572 44573 44575)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Italy (Bergamo)	P. pannonicus (33374 33385) P. pannonicus, P. marcheanus (33377) P. subtridentinus, P. pannonicus (33375)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	USA (Nevada)	P. gabbi (143020)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Croatia	P. sp. (151164)
Fassanian	241.464 - 239.48	Hungary	P. sp. (92049)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Italy	P. sp. (50797)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	China (Guangxi)	P. bicinctus (44947)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Italy (Lecco)	Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes boeckhi, Arcestes esinensis (211844 211850)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Hungary	Arcestes boeckhi, Arcestes esinensis (211845) Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes pannonicus (212326)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Hungary (Bakony)	Arcestes boeckhi (211759) P. subtridentinus (203348)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Italy (Bergamo)	P. subtridentinus (211554)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Italy (South Tyrol)	P. esinensis (205127)
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	Italy (Udine)	Arcestes subtridentinus, Arcestes pannonicus (211815)
Longobardian	239.48 - 237.0	China (Guizhou)	P. sp. (213194)
Longobardian	239.48 - 237.0	Italy (Bergamo)	P. esinensis (211548) P. subtridentinus, P. boeckhi, P. reyeri, P. marcheanus (211549)
Longobardian	239.48 - 237.0	Iran	P. sp. (117903)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Hungary (Bakony)	Arcestes ausseeanus (203717)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Italy	Ammonites barrandei, Arcestes bicarinatus, Arcestes gaytani (144634) Ammonites bicarinatus (137429) Ammonites gaytani (146102) Ammonites labiatus (145649) Arcestes gaytani (159884) P. bicarinatus (50873) P. gaytani (56971 69248)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Turkey	P. sp. (154848)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Romania	P. gaytani (160170)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Ukraine	P. gaytani (150935 150936 150937)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Russian Federation	P. gaytani (214799) P. planus (144005)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Slovenia	Arcestes gaytani (85174)
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Austria	Arcestes ausseeanus (159553) Arcestes danai, Arcestes ausseeanus, Arcestes gaytani, P. mojsisovicsi (159524) Arcestes gaytani (159577) Arcestes moeschi, Arcestes marcoui, Arcestes bicarinatus, Arcestes gaytani, Arcestes dittmari, P. mojsisovicsi (159521) Arcestes mojsisovicsi, Arcestes ausseeanus, Arcestes gaytani (159532) P. mojsisovicsi (160171)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Russian Federation	P. verchojanicum, P. gaytani (214696)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Italy (South Tyrol)	P. ausseeanus (205157)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	India	Arcestes sp. (203524 210922)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Greece	Arcestes bicarinatus (217093)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Arcestes ausseeanus (203564) Arcestes gaytani (206614)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	USA (Oregon)	Arcestes shastensis (220464)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	USA (California)	Arcestes shastensis (38326)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	USA (California)	Arcestes carpenteri, Arcestes shastensis, Arcestes whitneyi (33327) Arcestes pacificus (142608 142609) Arcestes traski (33324) Arcestes whitneyi (144028) Arcestes winnemae (144372)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Russian Federation (Siberia)	P. korchinskajae (49632)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	USA (Alaska)	Arcestes shastensis (33415)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Turkey	P. sp. (154850 154851 154853 154854 154855 154856 154859 154860)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Canada (British Columbia)	P. sp. (49695)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Russian Federation	P. planus (143995) P. sp. (214803) P. sp., P. planus (143996) P. verchojanicus (214800 214801 214802) P. wittenburgi (143997)
Lacian	227.3 - 215.38	USA (Nevada)	Joannites nevadanus (33202)
Norian	227.3 - 205.7	Nepal (Byans)	P. sp. (214672)
Rhaetian	205.7 - 201.4	USA (Nevada)	Arcestes nevadanus (76607 76609)