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Epitonium (Nitidiscala)
Taxonomy
Nitidiscala was named by de Boury (1909) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m R Sepkoski's reference number: 854]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Epitonium (Nitidiscala) by Durham (1937), Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Addicott (1970), Moore (1984), Todd (2001), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
It was assigned to Epitoniidae by DuShane (1979); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Oldroyd (1925), Durham (1937), Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Addicott (1970), Moore (1984), Todd (2001), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
It was reranked as Epitonium (Nitidiscala) by Durham (1937), Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Addicott (1970), Moore (1984), Todd (2001), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
It was assigned to Epitoniidae by DuShane (1979); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Oldroyd (1925), Durham (1937), Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Addicott (1970), Moore (1984), Todd (2001), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008).
Subtaxa
Species lacking formal opinion data
Epitonium aculeatum, Epitonium acuminiense, Epitonium acutum, Epitonium aduncum, Epitonium annulatum, Epitonium apiculatum, Epitonium auritum, Epitonium azumana, Epitonium bellastriata, Epitonium brocherti, Epitonium cantrainei, Epitonium carolinae, Epitonium carolinae, Epitonium cercadicum, Epitonium chamberlaini, Epitonium championi, Epitonium charitopolos, Epitonium charlestonense, Epitonium chubutinum, Epitonium cingolanii, Epitonium cionei, Epitonium clathratulum, Epitonium clathrus, Epitonium commune, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium cooperense, Epitonium denticulatum, Epitonium dignitate, Epitonium dolosum, Epitonium dupliniana, Epitonium duplinianum, Epitonium emydoneus, Epitonium eucteanum, Epitonium expectatum, Epitonium exquisitum, Epitonium fargoi, Epitonium fasciatum, Epitonium foliaceicostatum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceiscostatum, Epitonium fractum, Epitonium frondiculoides, Epitonium gabbi, Epitonium gabbi, Epitonium gabbi, Epitonium groenlandica, Epitonium helikum, Epitonium humphreysi, Epitonium humphreysi, Epitonium imperiale, Epitonium jani, Epitonium junceum, Epitonium junceum, Epitonium kingae, Epitonium kingae, Epitonium kraussi, Epitonium krebsii, Epitonium laguairense, Epitonium lepta, Epitonium leptosomum, Epitonium leroyi, Epitonium lineata, Epitonium lineolatum, Epitonium linoe, Epitonium linoe, Epitonium lobrosa, Epitonium marenum, Epitonium maturense, Epitonium mcglameriae, Epitonium merignacense, Epitonium mesogonium, Epitonium minuticosta, Epitonium minutissimum, Epitonium multiliniferum, Epitonium munistriatum, Epitonium muricatum, Epitonium novangliae, Epitonium novangliae, Epitonium okinavensis, Epitonium paytens, Epitonium perplexum, Epitonium pongensis, Epitonium potomacense, Epitonium pratti, Epitonium quirogai, Epitonium replicata, Epitonium replicatum, Epitonium reticulatum, Epitonium revoltum, Epitonium revolutum, Epitonium riparum, Epitonium robesonense, Epitonium rocheri, Epitonium rohri, Epitonium rugolosa, Epitonium rugulosa, Epitonium rushii, Epitonium sakuraii, Epitonium sayanum, Epitonium scalare, Epitonium schencki, Epitonium sculptatum, Epitonium sericifilum, Epitonium spiniferum, Epitonium spinosum, Epitonium striatissimum, Epitonium subacutum, Epitonium subexpansum, Epitonium suboptima, Epitonium subscalaris, Epitonium tenuiliratum, Epitonium tenuistriatum, Epitonium teuistriatum, Epitonium textuvestitum, Epitonium tonni, Epitonium turtonis, Epitonium undosum, Epitonium unifasciatum, Epitonium venezuelense, Epitonium venosum, Epitonium ventulum, Epitonium vetustum, Epitonium virginiae, Epitonium virginiae, Epitonium virginianum, Epitonium witfieldi, Epitonium yabei, Nitidiscala durhamiana
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1909 | Nitidiscala de Boury p. 257 |
| 1925 | Epitonium (Nitidoscala) Oldroyd p. 13 |
| 1937 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Durham p. 486 |
| 1947 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Gardner p. 577 |
| 1948 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Gardner p. 208 |
| 1970 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Addicott p. 55 |
| 1979 | Nitidiscala DuShane p. 107 |
| 1984 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Moore p. 10 |
| 2001 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Todd |
| 2002 | Nitidiscala Sepkoski |
| 2008 | Epitonium (Nitidiscala) Nielson and Valdovinos p. 207 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) de Boury 1909
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Epitonium (Nitidiscala) magellanicus Philippi 1845
†Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tedfordi Addicott 1970
Nitidiscala californica Dall 1917 [California wentletrap]
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Invalid names: Epitonium diegense Dall 1917 [synonym], Epitonium orcuttianum Dall 1917 [synonym]
Nitidiscala catalinense Dall 1917
Nitidiscala indianorum Carpenter 1864 [money wentletrap]
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Invalid names: Epitonium columbianum Dall 1917 [synonym], Epitonium montereyense Dall 1917 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. W. Durham 1937 | Shell small to medium; non-umbilicate, thin, sutures deep; axial varices prominent, not continuous from whorl to whorl, usually with spinose angulation just below suture and usually reflexed posteriorly; no spiral sculpture or basal disk; aperture ovate, both anterior and posterior auricles present. Living in Atlantic and Pacific in temperate seas, mostly in waters less than 100 fathoms deep, but down to 634 fathoms near Galapagos Islands (Dall, 1917, p. 482). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Beu et al. 1990, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 15.98000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Collections (37 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | USA (Alaska) | Epitonium sp. (37664) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (206393) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (200398 200403) Epitonium sp. (214966) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Jamaica | Epitonium aduncum, Epitonium ventulum (58522) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (186031) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Ecuador (Manabi) | Nitidiscala durhamiana (48664 48665) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Chile | Epitonium magellanicus (89241) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (168757 231899) | |
| Quaternary | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (37933 37940 37943) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Epitonium indianorum (96894 138723 202634 202636 202638 202639 202640 203118 222978 222993 222998 223325 223327) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico | Epitonium indianorum (67641) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Epitonium californicum, Epitonium indianorum (160361 240609) Epitonium indianorum (37672 59063 96895 240615 240635 240661) |