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Spirigerellinae
Taxonomy
Spirigerellinae was named by Grunt (1965). Its type is Spirigerella.
It was reranked as the family Spirigerellidae by Bychkov et al. (1976).
It was assigned to Athyridida by Bychkov et al. (1976); and to Athyrididae by Williams et al. (2002), Shen et al. (2003).
It was reranked as the family Spirigerellidae by Bychkov et al. (1976).
It was assigned to Athyridida by Bychkov et al. (1976); and to Athyrididae by Williams et al. (2002), Shen et al. (2003).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1965 | Spirigerellinae Grunt p. 237 |
| 1976 | Spirigerellidae Bychkov et al. |
| 2002 | Spirigerellinae Williams et al. p. 1533 |
| 2003 | Spirigerellinae Shen et al. p. 248 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Spirigerellinae Grunt 1965
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G. †Araxathyris Grunt 1965
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†Araxathyris abichi Arthaber 1900
†Araxathyris beipeiensis Xu and Grant 1994
†Araxathyris bruntoni Angiolini and Carabelli 2010
†Araxathyris costalis Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris dilatatus Shen et al. 1992
†Araxathyris felina Arthaber 1900
†Araxathyris glossexserta Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris indentatus Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris jalaidensis Lee and Su 1980
†Araxathyris jiangyouensis Xu 1978
†Araxathyris longa Zhang and Jin 1961
†Araxathyris minor Wu et al. 2022
†Araxathyris protea Abich 1878
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†Spirigera protea multilobata Abich 1878
†Spirigera protea quadrilobata Abich 1878
†Araxathyris quadrilobata Abich 1878
†Araxathyris rhombiformis Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris sinensis Shen et al. 2004
†Araxathyris timorensis Rothpletz 1892
†Araxathyris tongluensis Liang 1990
†Araxathyris undulata Shen et al. 1992
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Invalid names: Araxathyris pentagonalis Zeng et al. 1995 [synonym]
†Araxathyris yuananensis Yang 1977
†Athyris timorensis complanata Reed 1931
†Spirigera protea alata Abich 1878
Invalid names: Spirigera subtilita armeniaca Arthaber 1900 [synonym]
G. †Cardiothyris
G. †Composita Brown 1849
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†Athyris (Composita) indosinensis Mansuy 1914
†Athyris (Composita) semirostrata Reed 1944
†Athyris subtilita grandis Davidson 1862
†Composita affinis Girty 1909
†Composita apheles Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita apsidata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita bamberi Shi and Waterhouse 1996
†Composita biforma Yang 1991
†Composita bucculenta Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita costata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita cracens Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita crassa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita depressa Sun 1991
†Composita discina Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita elongata Dunbar and Condra 1932
†Composita emarginata Girty 1909
†Composita emarginata affinis Girty 1909
†Composita enormis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita gigantea Branson 1930
†Composita girtyi Raymond 1911
†Composita globosa Weller 1914
†Composita grandis Cooper 1953
†Composita hapsida Stehli and Grant 1970
†Composita huagongensis Liao 1979
†Composita idahoensis Butts 2007
†Composita imbricata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita insulcata Zeng et al. 1995
†Composita jogensis Yanagida and Nishikawa 1984
†Composita laevis Weller 1914
†Composita lewisensis Weller 1914
†Composita magnicarina Campbell 1961
†Composita mexicana Hall 1857
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Invalid names: Composita arizonica McKee 1938 [synonym], Composita guadalupensis Girty 1909 [synonym], Composita parva Branson 1930 [synonym]
†Composita minuscula Chronic 1949
†Composita mira Girty 1899
†Composita misriensis Reed 1944
†Composita nucella Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita obesa Easton et al. 1958
†Composita ovata Mather 1915
†Composita parasulcata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita pikensis Carter 1968
†Composita pilula Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita plana Branson 1930
†Composita prospera Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita pyriformis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita quadrirotunda Lee and Su 1980
†Composita quantilla Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita rotunda Snider 1915
†Composita sigma Gordon 1975
†Composita stalagmium Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita strongyle Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita subcircularis Brill 1940
†Composita subquadrata Hall 1858
†Composita sulcata Weller 1914
†Composita tareica Chernyak 1963
†Composita tetralobata Hoare 1960
†Composita tobaensis Wang 1985
†Composita trinuclea Hall 1856
G. †Densalvus
G. †Iniathyris
G. †Planalvus Carter 1971
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†Planalvus cailliaudi Barrois 1889
†Planalvus densa Hall and Clarke 1894
†Planalvus gibberosa Carter 1971
†Planalvus rufus Racheboeuf et al. 1994
G. †Posicomta Grunt 1986
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†Posicomta advena Grant 1976
†Posicomta dolabrata Grant 1976
†Posicomta gundarensis Grunt 1986
†Posicomta subsolana Grant 1976
†Posicomta zaalaica Grunt 1986
G. †Pseudopentagonia
G. †Rectambitus Xu and Grant 1994
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†Rectambitus spondomarginata Shen et al. 2004
†Rectambitus subpentangulata Xu and Grant 1994
†Rectambitus xui Shen et al. 2004
G. †Septospirigerella Grunt 1965
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†Septospirigerella applanata Grunt 1986
†Septospirigerella baissalensis Grunt 1965
†Septospirigerella felinella Waterhouse 1983
†Septospirigerella geranossica Kotlyar 1989
†Septospirigerella grandis Kotlyar 1989
†Septospirigerella harrisoni Douglas 1950
†Septospirigerella lingula Xu 1978
†Septospirigerella megridagica Grunt 1965
†Septospirigerella ovata Xu 1978
G. †Spirigerella Waagen 1883
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†Athyrella grandis proteisimilis Renz 1912
†Spirigerella alata Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella alataeformis Schréter 1963
†Spirigerella bellistriata Zeng et al. 1995
†Spirigerella derbyi tonkinensis Frech 1911
†Spirigerella discors Reed 1944
†Spirigerella fusiformis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella gigas Reed 1944
†Spirigerella grandis Davidson 1862
†Spirigerella heibayideensis Tong 1978
†Spirigerella media Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella mendungensis Lu 1978
†Spirigerella minuta Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella numismalis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella numismalis longa Reed 1944
†Spirigerella obovata Reed 1944
†Spirigerella ovoidalis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella paraliensis Reed 1944
†Spirigerella pertumida Diener 1897
†Spirigerella praelonga Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella praelonga carinata Reed 1931
†Spirigerella proxima Reed 1944
†Spirigerella rectimarginata Sun 1991
†Spirigerella subtriangularis Reed 1927
†Spirigerella subtriquetra Jin et al. 1974
†Spirigerella teseroi Chen 2006
Invalid names: Athyrella Renz 1912 [objective synonym]
G. †Tongzithyris Jin et al. 1974
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†Tongzithyris anshunensis Liao 1980
†Tongzithyris episulcata Jin et al. 1974
†Tongzithyris extensa Liao 1980
†Tongzithyris sichuanensis Xu 1987
G. †Tulathyris
G. †Uldziathyris
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 1 | 23.4 |
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Collections (2496 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleozoic - Triassic | Chile (Ovalle) | Composita sp. (222433) | |
| Devonian - Carboniferous | USA (Montana, and Wyoming) | Composita humilis (12387) | |
| Pragian | France (Brittany) | Cryptonella cailliaudi (156513) | |
| Pragian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (12928) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (3984 25728 25729 25730 25802 25805 25833) | |
| Emsian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (65075) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | USA (Alaska) | Composita bellula (3102) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | China | Composita salve (162317) | |
| Famennian | USA (New Mexico) | Composita bellula (231554 231555 231556 231558) | |
| Famennian | Afghanistan (Herat) | Composita globosa (70159) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Changhsingian | China (Chongqing) | Araxathyris araxensis (90373 94970 94977 94980 94982 94983 94985 94986 98066) Araxathyris armenica (121019) Araxathyris beipeiensis (50033) Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris araxensis (94968 94976) Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris undulata, Araxathyris araxensis (94969) Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris yuananensis (156861 156885) Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris yuananensis, Araxathyris araxensis (94967) Araxathyris glossexserta (156853) Araxathyris indentatus (156851) Araxathyris jiangyouensis (94971) Araxathyris jiangyouensis, Araxathyris araxensis (94966) Araxathyris protea, Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris undulata, Araxathyris sinensis, Araxathyris jiangyouensis (94978) Araxathyris protea, Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris yuananensis (156863) Araxathyris sinensis, Araxathyris dilatata (52154) Araxathyris sp. (149142 149264 149267 149278 156849 156857 156881) Araxathyris sp. 1, Araxathyris protea (156880) Araxathyris sp. 1, Araxathyris sp. 2, Araxathyris dilatatus, Tongzithyris extensa, Araxathyris yuananensis (156862) Araxathyris sp., Composita sp., Araxathyris dilatatus, Araxathyris quadrilobata, Araxathyris araxensis (94984) Araxathyris sp., Spirigerella derbyi, Araxathyris indentatus (156848) Araxathyris yuananensis, Araxathyris araxensis (94972) Spirigerella derbyi (149265 156852) Tongzithyris episulcata (148549) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Hunan) | Araxathyris sp., Spirigerella sp., Araxathyris subpentagulata (31420) Rectambitus subpentangulata, Rectambitus spondomarginata (52157) | |
| Changhsingian | Thailand | Araxathyris bisculcata, Septospirigerella felinella (8145) Septospirigerella felinella (42776 42777) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | Araxathyris araxensis (89355 95285 95303) Araxathyris protea, Araxathyris araxensis (103467) Araxathyris sp. (149123 156811 156814 156816 156817 217017 234419) Araxathyris timorensis, Araxathyris araxensis (95287) Composita sp. (95289 95292 95296 95302) Composita sp., Araxathyris araxensis (95288) Composita sp., Araxathyris timorensis (95290 95294 95299) Composita sp., Araxathyris timorensis, Araxathyris araxensis (95293 95301) Spirigerella sp. (60472) Tongzithyris sichuanensis (50030) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | Araxathyris araxensis (117511) Araxathyris sp. (50024 112424) Araxathyris sp., Araxathyris sinensis (206152) Tongzithyris extensa (52156 107298) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Hubei) | Araxathyris sp. (149222) | |
| Griesbachian | China | Araxathyris longa (221343) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Zhejiang) | Araxathyris araxensis (63508 105221) | |
| Carnian | China (Sichuan) | Septospirigerella ovata (123653) | |
| Lacian | China (Sichuan) | Araxathyris jiangyouensis (123661) Septospirigerella lingula (123657) | |