PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Echmatemys lativertebralis

Reptilia - Testudines - Geoemydidae

Taxonomy

Emys lativertebralis was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is USNM 2576 (holotype), a partial shell (shell fragments constituting an almost complete shell), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Gallinas River region, which is in a Wasatchian terrestrial horizon in New Mexico.

It was recombined as Echmatemys lativertebralis by Hay (1906), Hay (1930), Vlachos (2018).

Synonyms

Echmatemys hollandi was named by Gilmore (1915). Its type specimen is CM 3249, a shell, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Skull Butte, southwest of Well No. 2, which is in an Uintan terrestrial horizon in the Uinta Formation of Utah.

It was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys septaria by Roberts (1962); it was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).
Echmatemys douglassi was named by Gilmore (1915). Its type specimen is CM 3244, a shell, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Red Bluff Wash, which is in an Uintan terrestrial horizon in the Uinta Formation of Utah.

It was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).
Chrysemys inornata was named by Loomis (1904). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bear Creek (Middle Titanotherium Beds), which is in a Chadronian fluvial-lacustrine siliciclastic in the Chadron Formation of South Dakota.

It was recombined as Graptemys inornata by Hay (1908), Hay (1930); it was recombined as Pseudograptemys inornata by Hutchison (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).
Graptemys cordifera was named by Clark (1937). Its type specimen is YPM (PU) 13838, a shell (carapace and plastron), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Quinn Draw (Middle Titanotherium Beds), which is in a Chadronian terrestrial horizon in the Chadron Formation of South Dakota.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pseudograptemys inornata by Hutchison (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).
Echmatemys rivalis was named by Hay (1909). Its type specimen is USNM V 5781, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is North Rawlins coalfield, which is in a Wasatchian terrestrial horizon in Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).
Emys shaugnessiana was named by Cope (1882). Its type specimen is AMNH 1069 (holotype), a shell, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cottonwood Creek badlands (Bridger B), which is in a Bridgerian terrestrial horizon in Wyoming.

It was corrected as Emys shaughnessiana by Cope (1884), Hay (1902); it was recombined as Echmatemys shaughnessiana by Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Echmatemys lativertebralis by Vlachos (2018).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1877	Emys lativertebralis Cope
1882	Emys lativertebralis Cope
1882	Emys shaugnessiana Cope
1884	Emys shaughnessiana Cope
1902	Emys lativertebralis Hay p. 448
1902	Emys shaughnessiana Hay p. 448
1904	Chrysemys inornata Loomis p. 429
1906	Echmatemys lativertebralis Hay p. 29
1908	Graptemys inornata Hay p. 358
1909	Echmatemys rivalis Hay p. 164
1915	Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore p. 128 figs. 11-12
1915	Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore p. 133
1930	Echmatemys douglassi Hay p. 95
1930	Echmatemys hollandi Hay p. 95
1930	Echmatemys lativertebralis Hay p. 95
1930	Echmatemys rivalis Hay p. 95
1930	Echmatemys shaughnessiana Hay p. 96
1930	Graptemys inornata Hay p. 98
1937	Graptemys cordifera Clark p. 294
1996	Pseudograptemys inornata Hutchison p. 342
2018	Echmatemys lativertebralis Vlachos

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Testudinata	(Oppel 1811)
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira
—	Pantestudinoidea
superfamily	Testudinoidea
family	Geoemydidae	Theobald 1868
genus	Echmatemys
species	lativertebralis	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Echmatemys lativertebralis Cope 1877

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Invalid names: Chrysemys inornata Loomis 1904 [synonym], Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys rivalis Hay 1909 [synonym], Emys shaughnessiana Cope 1882 [synonym], Graptemys cordifera Clark 1937 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. D. Cope 1882 (Emys shaugnessiana)	the bones of this species are very thick
E. Vlachos 2018	Echmatemys lativertebralis can be diagnosed as a member of Echmatemys based on the full list of characters provided above for that clade. Echmatemys lativertebralis differs from other Echmatemys based on the following combination of characters: covering of the lateral parts of the nuchal by pleural I, contact between vertebral I and marginal II, longer than wide suprapygal I, humero-pectoral sulcus located posterior to the entoplastron, and well-developed axillary and inguinal buttresses.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

100 to < 1000g

Environment:

freshwaterg

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticg

Diet:

herbivoreg

Reproduction:

oviparoussubo

Created:

2006-04-19 14:59:48

Modified:

2006-04-19 17:05:43

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Uetz 2005, Holroyd et al. 2001, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Chadronian or 54.90000 to 33.90000 Ma

Collections (32 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wasatchian	54.9 - 50.5	USA (Colorado)	Echmatemys lativertebralis (176837)
Wasatchian	54.9 - 50.5	USA (New Mexico)	Echmatemys lativertebralis (15443 176872 176873 176877 176879 176880 176882 176885 176886 176887 176888 176890 176891 176894 176898 176899 176900 176902 176909 176911 176912 176914) Emys lativertebralis (131867)
Wasatchian	54.9 - 50.5	USA (Wyoming)	Echmatemys lativertebralis (46718) Echmatemys rivalis (177320)
Bridgerian	50.5 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Emys shaugnessiana (130809)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Utah)	Echmatemys douglassi (185696) Echmatemys hollandi (185697)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	Chrysemys inornata (16900) Graptemys cordifera (16938 17013)