PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Metula

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae

Taxonomy

Metula was named by Adams and Adams (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1248]. It is extant. Its type is Metula hindsii.

It was assigned to Columbellidae by Harris and Palmer (1947); to Nassariinae by Wilson (1994); to Buccinidae by Olsson (1931), Woodring (1964), Olsson (1967), Ladd (1977), Ladd (1982), Todd (2001); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

M. (Metula), M. amosi, M. brazosensis, M. cancellata, M. gabbi, M. gentilicia, M. gracilis, M. harrisi, M. harrisi, M. hindsii (type species), M. johnsoni, M. limonensis, M. martini, M. peruviana, M. roberti, M. subgracilis, M. taylorensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

M. elongatoides, M. inflata, M. mitrella, M. nepele, M. neptuneiformis, M. pilsbryi, M. reticulata

Synonyms

Antemetula was named by Rehder (1943). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Metula by Olsson (1967).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1853	Metula Adams and Adams
1931	Metula Olsson p. 104
1943	Antemetula Rehder
1947	Metula Harris and Palmer p. 345
1964	Metula Woodring p. 258
1967	Metula Olsson p. 34
1977	Metula Ladd p. 50
1982	Metula Ladd p. 48
1994	Metula Wilson p. 95
2001	Metula Todd
2002	Metula Sepkoski

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Buccinoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Buccinidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Metula	Adams and Adams 1853

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Metula Adams and Adams 1853

show all | hide all

Subg. Metula (Metula) Adams and Adams 1853

Metula amosi Vanatta 1913

†Metula brazosensis Johnson 1899

†Metula cancellata Gabb 1873

†Metula gabbi Brown and Pilsbry 1911

†Metula gentilicia Harris and Palmer 1947

†Metula gracilis Johnson 1899

†Metula harrisi Olsson 1922

†Metula harrisi Dickerson 1916

†Metula harrisi limonensis Olsson 1922

Metula hindsii Adams and Adams 1853

†Metula johnsoni Vaughan 1896

†Metula limonensis Olsson 1922

†Metula martini Vredenburg 1925

†Metula peruviana Olsson 1931

†Metula roberti Olsson 1967

†Metula subgracilis Johnson 1899

†Metula taylorensis Mansfield 1940

Invalid names: Antemetula Rehder 1943 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:10:04

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:10:04

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Paleocene to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 66.00000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (117 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Texas)	M. sp. (84474)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	USA (Texas)	M. reticulata (178129)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.66 - 56.0	USA (Texas)	M. sp. (84651)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	USA (Texas)	M. reticulata (205455)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	USA (Alabama)	M. sylvaerupis (92375 98390)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	USA (California)	M. harrisi (122294)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	USA (Texas)	M. elongatoides (7789 83950 84337 178054)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Texas)	M. brazosensis (91125 205421) M. elongatoides (205520 205533)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Texas)	M. brazosensis (205484) M. gracilis (91119 98864) M. sp., M. brazosensis (205480)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Mississippi)	M. gentilicia (90643 164232) M. subgracilis (90704)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Alabama)	M. sp. (205489)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Louisiana)	M. johnsoni (91115) M. subgracilis (92374)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Venezuela	M. sp. (134847)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Peru (Piura)	M. peruviana (55431)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Mississippi)	M. fastidiosa (5787 5791) M. fastidiosa, M. inflata, M. neptuneiformis (5612 5779) M. fastidiosa, M. neptuneiformis (5501) M. fragilis (177590) M. taylorensis (169205)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Middle Miocene	33.9 - 11.63	Haiti	M. cancellata (173459)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Denmark	M. scabricula (234515)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Grenada	M. sp. (58644 58648 58652)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Pakistan	M. martini (77164)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Brazil (Piaui)	M. sp. (112599)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Italy	M. reticulata, M. recta (178108)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Panama	M. sp. (42615 42616)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Delaware)	M. sp. (18579)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Italy	M. reticulata (178116)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama (Darien)	M. gabbi (131199) M. sp. (136007 136122)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama (Colon)	M. gabbi (142931 142934 145249 145254 145278 145335 145341 145342 145343 145344)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama	M. gabbi (93062 93145 93171 93172 93175 93176 93177 134661 134662)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Trinidad and Tobago	M. cancellata (60635)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Panama (Bocas)	M. sp. (61346 135889 135944)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	M. sp. (135816 135821 135822 135828)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	M. cancellata (131561 131645 131664) M. gabbi (131660) M. harrisi (75041 93606)
Messinian - Zanclean	7.246 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	M. cancellata (75043)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	M. cancellata (58815)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ecuador (Manabi)	M. nepele (60772)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Panama (Bocas)	M. sp. (135839)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Indonesia (Java)	M. boettgeri (45344)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	M. cancellata (80084) M. gabbi (74964 80136)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Panama (Bocas)	M. sp. (135832)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Costa Rica	M. harrisi (134667) M. pilsbryi (66792 66795) M. sp. (66790)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Fiji	M. ibbotsoni, M. ibbotsoni (78073)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Ecuador (Manabi)	M. amosi (51886)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Panama	M. harrisi (134671)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica (Limon)	M. sp. (79993)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (Florida)	M. roberti (79762)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Jamaica	M. sp. (58522 69090 69093)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica	M. cancellata (134664)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Italy (Emilia-Romagna)	M. mitraeformis (178117)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas)	M. sp. (61336 61337 79771 79774 135885)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Fiji	M. ibbotsoni (94832)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Panama (Bocas)	M. sp. (61338 79871)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Costa Rica	M. amosi (66777)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Vanuatu	M. santoensis (78047)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Costa Rica (Limon)	M. sp. (79842)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Vanuatu	M. kerensis, M. santoensis, M. mitrella (78043)