PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Helix

Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Helicidae

Taxonomy

Helix was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was assigned to Helicidae by Majima (1989).

Species

H. (Iberus), H. (Macularia), H. (Patula), H. (Tachea), H. (Tacheocampylaea), H. (Trigonostoma), H. desmarestina, H. dubia, H. evanstonensis, H. ferrantii, H. lemani, H. moroguesi, H. tristani

Species lacking formal opinion data

H. cotteri, H. headonensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Helix Linnaeus
1989	Helix Majima

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
order	Heterostropha	()
infraclass	Euthyneura	(Spengel 1881)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Tectipleura	Schrödl et al. 2011
—	Panpulmonata	Jörger et al. 2010
superorder	Eupulmonata	(Haszprunar and Huber 1990)
suborder	Geophila	(Férussac 1819)
order	Stylommatophora	(Schmidt 1856)
suborder	Helicina
infraorder	Helicoidei
superfamily	Helicoidea	Rafinesque 1815
family	Helicidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Helix

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Helix Linnaeus 1758

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†Gastrodonta evanstonensis sinclairi Cockerell 1912

Subg. Helix (Iberus) Montfort 1910

Subg. Helix (Macularia) Albers 1850

Subg. Helix (Patula) Held 1838

Subg. †Helix (Tachea) Turton 1831

Subg. †Helix (Tacheocampylaea) Pfeiffer 1877

Subg. Helix (Trigonostoma) Fitzinger 1833

†Helix desmarestina Brongniart 1810

†Helix dubia Deshayes 1824

†Helix evanstonensis White 1878

†Helix ferrantii Deshayes 1824

†Helix lemani Brongniart 1810

†Helix moroguesi Brongniart 1810

†Helix tristani Brongniart 1810

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

epifaunalc

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2004-02-29 11:40:59

Modified:

2010-02-11 01:35:02

Source: c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bridgerian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 50.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma

Collections (17 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	USA (Wyoming)	Hendersonia evanstonensis, Grangerella sinclairi (15081)
Bridgerian	50.5 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	H. wyomingensis (106325)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	H. sp., H. occlusa (39014)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.98	Spain (Catalonia)	H. sp. (176265)
MN 5	15.98 - 13.82	Portugal (Região Centro)	H. spp. (136334)
Vallesian	11.63 - 8.725	Spain (Catalonia)	H. sp. (38975)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Serbia (Serbia)	H. sp. (39709)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Greece (Thraki)	H. sp. (205293)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Malta	H. aspersa, H. candidissima, H. aperta, H. sprattii (190860)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Spain	H. sp. (176768)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Spain (Murcia)	Iberus gualtieranus (34128)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Tunisia (Kef)	H. melanostoma (196971)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.0117	USA (California)	H. tudiculata (222646)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Spain	Iberus alonensis (76579)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Morocco	H. pisana (127594 127598 127599)