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Semicassis

Gastropoda - Cassidae

Taxonomy
Semicassis was named by Mörch (1852) [Sepkoski's age data: K Maes R Sepkoski's reference number: 614]. It is extant. Its type is Cassis bisulcata.

It was reranked as Cassidea (Semicassis) by Cossmann (1903); it was reranked as Cassis (Semicassis) by Dey (1961); it was reranked as Phalium (Semicassis) by Ladd (1977), Squires (1984), Squires and Advocate (1986), Squires (1987), Squires (1999), Harzhauser (2002) and Garvie (2013).

It was assigned to Cassidea by Cossmann (1903); to Cassis by Dey (1961); to Cassididae by Mukerjee (1939), Gardner (1947), MacNeil (1960), Abbass (1967) and Marasti (1973); to Cassidae by Frassinetti and Covacevich (1999), Todd (2001) and Wienrich (2001); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Phaliinae by Wilson (1993) and Beu (2005); and to Phalium by Ladd (1977), Squires (1984), Squires and Advocate (1986), Squires (1987), Squires (1999), Harzhauser (2002) and Garvie (2013).

Species
Cassidea (Semicassis) bituminata, Cassidea (Semicassis) calantica, Cassidea (Semicassis) mekranica, Cassidea (Semicassis) ormarensis, Cassidea (Semicassis) vandervierki, Phalium (Semicassis) miolaevigata, Phalium (Semicassis) tuberculiformis, Phalium (Tylocassis) sulcosum, S. (Antephalium), S. (Semicassis), S. (Tylocassis) maleaformis, S. aldrichi, S. angasi, S. bisulcata (syn. Cassis japonica, S. pila, Phalium (Semicassis) dalrymplei, Cassis (Semicassis) quilonensis), S. centiquadrata, S. deneseplicata, S. faurotis, S. granulata (syn. Phalium (Tylocassis) inflata, Phalium loxahatcheensis, S. (Tylocassis) inflata waltonensis, Phalium alligator), S. harpaeformis, S. labiata, S. monilifera, S. oligocalantica, S. ovulum, S. pyrum, S. pyshtensis, S. reclusa (syn. Cassis (Phalium) moniliferum), S. sculpta, S. senni
Species lacking formal opinion data
S. denseplicata, S. tostoma

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1852Semicassis Mörch
1888Faurotis Jousseaume p. 188
1903Cassidea (Semicassis) Cossmann p. 128
1927Xenophalium Iredale p. 333
1927Xenogalea Iredale p. 339
1928Tylocassis Woodring
1939Semicassis Mukerjee p. 50
1947Semicassis Gardner p. 536
1947Semicassis (Tylocassis) Gardner p. 536
1960Semicassis MacNeil p. 58
1961Cassis (Semicassis) Dey
1967Semicassis Abbass p. 82
1973Semicassis Marasti p. 89
1973Semicassis (Tylocassis) Marasti p. 89
1977Phalium (Semicassis) Ladd p. 32
1983Phalium (Tylocassis) Vokes and Vokes p. 22
1984Phalium (Semicassis) Squires p. 27
1986Phalium (Semicassis) Squires and Advocate p. 858
1987Phalium (Semicassis) Squires p. 40
1993Semicassis Wilson p. 233
1999Semicassis Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 48
1999Phalium (Semicassis) Squires p. 19
2001Semicassis Todd
2001Semicassis (Tylocassis) Todd
2001Semicassis Wienrich p. 436
2002Phalium (Semicassis) Harzhauser p. 91
2002Semicassis Sepkoski
2002Tylocassis Sepkoski
2002Xenogalea Sepkoski
2002Xenophalium Sepkoski
2005Semicassis Beu p. 50
2013Phalium (Semicassis) Garvie p. 142

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyTonnoidea(Suter 1913)
familyCassidaeLatreille 1825
subfamilyPhaliinaeBeu 1981
genusSemicassisMörch 1852

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Semicassis Mörch 1852
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Subg. Semicassis (Antephalium) Iredale 1924
Subg. Semicassis (Semicassis) Mörch 1852
+
†Semicassis aldrichi Dall 1890
†Semicassis angasi Iredale 1927
Semicassis bisulcata Schubert and Wagner 1829
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Invalid names: Cassis (Semicassis) quilonensis Dey 1961 [synonym], Cassis japonica Reeve 1848 [synonym], Phalium (Semicassis) dalrymplei Cox 1948 [synonym], Semicassis pila Martin 1899 [synonym]
Semicassis centiquadrata Valenciennes 1832
†Semicassis deneseplicata Martin 1916
Semicassis faurotis Jousseaume 1888
+
Invalid names: Phalium (Tylocassis) inflata Shaw 1811 [synonym], Phalium alligator Petuch 1991 [synonym], Phalium loxahatcheensis Petuch 1994 [synonym], Semicassis (Tylocassis) inflata waltonensis Mansfield 1935 [synonym]
†Semicassis harpaeformis Lamarck 1803
†Semicassis labiata Perry 1811
†Semicassis monilifera Sowerby 1846
†Semicassis oligocalantica Vredenburg 1925
†Semicassis ovulum Ortmann 1900
Semicassis pyrum Lamarck 1822
†Semicassis pyshtensis Addicott 1976
†Semicassis reclusa Guppy 1873
+
Invalid names: Cassis (Phalium) moniliferum Guppy 1866 [synonym]
Semicassis sculpta Sowerby 1839
†Semicassis senni Rustch 1934
Invalid names: Faurotis Jousseaume 1888 [synonym], Tylocassis Woodring 1928 [synonym], Xenogalea Iredale 1927 [synonym], Xenophalium Iredale 1927 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:59:15
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:59:15
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (316 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (California) Cassidaria tuberculata (190773)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (California) Phalium tuberculiformis (201247 207315)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3USA (California) Phalium tuberculiformis (8011 8014 200143 200144 200289 200849)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Cassis harpaeformis (171526 184107)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Phalium reklawensis (205520 205533) S. marcusi (205503)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (California) Coalingodea tuberculiformis (94827) Phalium tuberculiformis (8012 8013 8015 178777 200720 200724 200737 200738 200743 200745 200749 200750 200754 200755 200845 201261 201697 201702 207156 207158 207175 207179)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Phalium tuberculiformis (200756)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) S. ambigua (42636 42639)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Egypt S. ovoidea (2959)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Bulgaria (Kyustendil) Cassis harpaeformis (102407)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Jamaica S. sp. (111544)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Pakistan S. oligocatlantica, S. harpaeformis (77450)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (Mississippi) S. caelatura (5999 6002 6005 6006 7112 66316 66317 177590)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (North Carolina) S. caelatura (4880)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Pakistan Cassidea oligocatlantica (77159)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Netherlands Phalium rondeleti (87249)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Japan (Yamaguchi) S. kanmonensis (51447)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97Australia (Victoria) Antephalium sufflatus (71238)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (Washington) S. pyshtensis (37580 37584)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France S. grateloupi (70242) S. subgranulosa (74861)