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Thais
Taxonomy
Thais was named by Röding (1798) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 547]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Thaisidae by Addicott (1970); to Thaididae by Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Kensley and Pether (1986); to Thaidinae by Wilson (1994); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Muricidae by Clark and Arnold (1923), Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Oostingh (1935), Todd (2001), Vermeij (2001), Harzhauser (2002), Landau et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Thaisidae by Addicott (1970); to Thaididae by Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Kensley and Pether (1986); to Thaidinae by Wilson (1994); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Muricidae by Clark and Arnold (1923), Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Oostingh (1935), Todd (2001), Vermeij (2001), Harzhauser (2002), Landau et al. (2007).
Species
T. (Mancinella), T. (Polytropa), T. (Thais), T. (Vasula), T. arenae, T. biserialis (syn. T. (Stramonita) berryi), T. bitubercularis, T. blakei, T. brevicula, T. clarkensis, T. cornwalli, T. dubia, T. emarginata, T. lamellosa, T. packi (syn. T. (Stramonita) carrizoensis), T. panzana, T. trancosana, T. tuberosa, T. wittichi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Purpura nodosa, T. alouina, T. arata, T. calcarata, T. callaoensis, T. cingulata, T. clavigera, T. crassa, T. deltoidea, T. echinata, T. echinulata, T. haemastoma, T. haemastoma, T. haemastoma, T. haemastoma, T. haemastomoides, T. haemostoma, T. haesastoma, T. hoernesiana, T. inaequicostata, T. nodosa, T. orbita, T. parvula, T. patula, T. planospira, T. pluriplicata, T. quadridentata, T. reflexa, T. rugosa, T. santodomingensis, T. sarasotana, T. striolata, T. tetragona, T. transcosana, T. trinitatensis, T. tuberculata
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1798 | Thais Röding |
| 1840 | Cuma Swainson |
| 1899 | Purpura (Cuma) Martin p. 136 |
| 1923 | Thais Clark and Arnold p. 162 |
| 1931 | Thais Grant, IV and Gale p. 715 |
| 1935 | Thais Oostingh p. 65 |
| 1959 | Thais Woodring p. 222 |
| 1970 | Thais Addicott p. 83 |
| 1977 | Thais Ladd p. 41 |
| 1986 | Thais Kensley and Pether p. 177 |
| 1994 | Thais Wilson p. 47 |
| 2001 | Thais Todd |
| 2001 | Thais Vermeij |
| 2002 | Thais Harzhauser p. 94 |
| 2002 | Thais Sepkoski |
| 2007 | Thais Landau et al. p. 48 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Thais Röding 1798
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Nucella emarginata ostrina Gould 1852
Subg. Thais (Mancinella) Link 1807
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Mancinella aculeata Deshayes and Milne-Edwards 1844
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Invalid names: Purpura hippocastanum Lamarck 1822 [synonym]
Subg. Thais (Thais) Röding 1798
†Thais arenae Kensley and Pether 1986
Thais biserialis de Blainville 1832
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Invalid names: Thais (Stramonita) berryi Olsson 1932 [synonym]
†Thais bitubercularis Lamarck 1822
†Thais blakei Anderson and Martin 1914
†Thais brevicula Vermeij 2001
†Thais clarkensis Aldrich 1911
†Thais cornwalli Clark and Arnold 1923
Thais dubia Krauss 1848
Thais emarginata Deshayes 1839 [striped dogwinkle]
Thais lamellosa Gmelin 1791 [frilled dogwinkle]
†Thais packi Clark 1918
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Invalid names: Thais (Stramonita) carrizoensis Loel and Corey 1932 [synonym]
†Thais panzana Anderson and Martin 1914
†Thais trancosana Arnold 1908
†Thais tuberosa Röding 1798
†Thais wittichi Hertlein and Jordan 1927
Invalid names: Cuma Swainson 1840 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma
Collections (119 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonian | USA (Texas) | T. sp. (205415 205422) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | T. sp. (205489) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (California) | T. packi (71187 71190 71193) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | T. carrizoensis (52418) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (California) | T. packi (122273) | |
| Aquitanian | France | T. pluriplicata, T. calcarata (74861) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan | Mancinella sp. (70323) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | T. blakei (237346) T. carrizoensis (238187 238218 238234 238243) T. panzana (18567) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | T. wittichi (43814 96570) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Cuma tecta (43809) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Oregon) | T. lima (39805) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | T. arata (178111) T. arata, T. haemastomoides, T. inaequicostata, T. tuberculata, T. calcarata (178108) T. inaequicostata, T. reflexa (178110) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Japan (Fukui ) | Mancinella minoensis (176560) | |
| Langhian | Dominican Republic | T. trinitatensis (74958) | |
| Langhian | USA (Oregon) | T. lima (39603 39799) | |
| Langhian | Italy | T. arata, T. haemastomoides, T. tuberculata (178112) T. inaequicostata, T. parvula (178114) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Hiroshima) | Mancinella sp. (51423) | |
| Serravallian | USA (California) | Nucella lima (37542) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | T. lamellosa (216867 216869) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | T. dubia (22219) | |
| Messinian | Dominican Republic | T. trinitatensis (131454) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Dominican Republic | T. santodomingensis (74967) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | T. lamellosa (97230 206369 220180 220190) | |
| Zanclean | Mexico (Baja California) | T. emarginata (154115) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | T. lamellosa (216872 220191 220193) | |
| Pliocene | Belgium | T. tetragona (80674) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa (Cape) | T. haemostoma (179484) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Mexico (Baja California) | T. transcosana, T. sp. (154116) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (California) | T. trancosana (96573) T. trancosana, T. lima (96571) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Costa Rica | T. biserialis (66793) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Peru | Stramonita biserialis (80517) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Japan (Fukushima) | T. clavigera (62295) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | Mancinella deltoidea (131210 131237) Stramonita biserialis (79710 111011) | |
| Piacenzian | Spain | T. hoernesiana, T. striolata (80562) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | T. dubia (91831) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | T. arenae (118311) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Costa Rica | T. biserialis (66777) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | T. sp. (80033) | |
| Pleistocene | Peru | T. biserialis (207005) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Nucella emarginata (96590 96594) | |
| Pleistocene | Sudan | Purpura hippocastanum (101414) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | T. cingulata (122937) T. cingulata, T. dubia (122933) T. dubia (122940 122941 122945) | |
| Pleistocene | Namibia | T. cingulata (122932) | |
| Pleistocene | Dominican Republic | T. sp. (75422) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Sonora) | T. biserialis (96565) | |
| Pleistocene | Eritrea | Purpura hippocastanum (101415) | |
| Pleistocene | Pakistan | Mancinella mancinella, Mancinella tuberosa (55403) | |
| Quaternary | USA (California) | T. emarginata (37936) | |
| Middle Pleistocene (interglacial) | Bahamas | T. deltoidea (80676) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | T. lamellosa (222998) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Angola | T. nodosa (152645) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Saudi Arabia | T. alouina (107972) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Mexico (Baja California) | T. biserialis (194417) T. planospira (194400 194406 194407 194415 194421 194546) T. planospira, T. biserialis (89573 194428) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Nucella emarginata (96591) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (Western Australia) | T. sp. (63320) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Jamaica | T. deltoidea (80408) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico | T. emarginata (67613 67641 67643) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Nucella emarginata (223048 240650 240653 240655) Stramonita biserialis (96936 96937 96938 222967) Stramonita biserialis, Nucella emarginata (96566) T. biserialis, T. emarginata (59063) T. lamellosa (37672 37673 37674 96555) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | T. lamellosa (37676) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | T. lamellosa (37675) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Bahamas | T. deltoidea, T. sp. (80677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador | T. callaoensis, T. crassa, T. patula, T. planospira (96867) T. patula (96866) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | Mancinella luteostoma (97961) T. echinata (96945) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Australia (Western Australia) | T. orbita (81106) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | India (Kerala) | T. rugosa (107971) | |
| Holocene | Portugal | T. haesastoma (196908) |