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Acrotheloidea

Lingulata - Lingulida

Taxonomy
Acrotheloidea was named by Walcott (1908) [Walcott & Schuchert in Walcott 1908].

It was assigned to Lingulida by Williams et al. (2000), Skovsted and Holmer (2005), Skovsted et al. (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1908Acrotheloidea Walcott
2000Acrotheloidea Williams et al. p. 90
2005Acrotheloidea Skovsted and Holmer p. 334
2017Acrotheloidea Skovsted et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumLinguliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classLingulataGorjansky and Popov 1985
orderLingulidaWaagen 1885
superfamilyAcrotheloidea
superfamilyAcrotheloidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Acrotheloidea Walcott 1908
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Fm. †Acrothelidae Schuchert 1893
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Subfm. †Acrothelinae Walcott and Schuchert 1908
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G. †Acrothele Linnarsson 1876
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Subg. †Acrothele (Redlichella) Walcott 1908
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†Acrothele affinis Resser 1939
†Acrothele artemis Walcott 1908
†Acrothele bellapunctata Walcott 1908
†Acrothele bellula Walcott 1897
†Acrothele bergeroni Walcott 1908
†Acrothele borgholmensis Walcott 1908
†Acrothele concava Cooper et al. 1952
†Acrothele coriacea Linnarsson 1876
†Acrothele decipiens Walcott 1897
†Acrothele dichotoma Walcott 1884
†Acrothele levisensis Walcott 1908
†Acrothele minuta Walcott 1905
†Acrothele primaeva de Verneuil and Barrande 1860
†Acrothele rarus Walcott 1905
†Acrothele sougyi Poulsen 1960
†Acrothele speciosa Resser 1938
†Acrothele spinulosa Poulsen 1960
†Acrothele subsidua White 1874
†Acrothele subsidua hera Walcott 1908
†Acrothele turneri Walcott 1908
†Acrothele woodworthi Walcott 1908
†Acrothele yorkensis Walcott 1908
Invalid names: Dearbornia Walcott 1908 [synonym], Glyptacrothele [synonym], Redlichella [synonym]
G. †Orbithele Sdzuy 1955
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†Orbithele ceratopygarum Brøgger 1882
†Orbithele undulosa Barrande 1879
G. †Schizopholis Waagen 1885
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†Schizopholis rugosa Waagen 1885
G. †Spinulothele Rowell 1977
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†Spinulothele dubia Walcott 1912
Subfm. †Conodiscinae Rowell 1965
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G. †Conodiscus Ulrich and Cooper 1936
G. †Discotreta Ulrich and Cooper 1936
G. †Eothele Rowell 1980
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†Eothele granulata Roberts and Jell 1990
†Eothele napuru Kruse 1990
†Eothele spurri Walcott 1908
†Eothele tubulus Ushatinskaya 1987
Fm. †Botsfordiidae Schindewolf 1955
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G. †Bomina Korovnik and Ushatinskaya 1994
G. †Botsfordia Matthew 1891
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†Botsfordia barrandei Walcott 1908
†Botsfordia caelata Hall 1847
†Botsfordia minuta Li and Holmer 2004
†Botsfordia paucigranulata Poulsen 1960
†Botsfordia pulcher Matthew 1889
G. †Curdus Gravestock et al. 2001
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†Curdus pararaensis Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Diandongia Rong 1974
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†Diandongia pista Rong 1974
G. †Edreja Koneva 1979
G. †Glyptias Walcott 1901
G. †Karathele Koneva 1986
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†Karathele coronata Koneva 1986
†Karathele yorkensis Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Minlatonia Gravestock et al. 2001
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†Minlatonia tuckeri Gravestock et al. 2001
G. †Neobolus Waagen 1885
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†Neobolus warthi Waagen 1885
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Invalid names: Davidsonella linguloides Waagen 1885 [synonym], Davidsonella squama Waagen 1885 [synonym], Neobolus wynnei Waagen 1885 [synonym]
Invalid names: Davidsonella Waagen 1885 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphatico
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:28:50
Modified: 2009-10-11 12:18:33
Source: o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Atdabanian to the top of the Marshbrookian or 521.00000 to 454.00000 Ma

Collections (240 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Caerfai538.8 - 506.5Canada (Nunavut) Acrothele sp. (184)
Caerfai538.8 - 506.5India (Jammu and Kashmir) Botsfordia granulata, Neobolus sp. (46443)
Caerfai538.8 - 506.5USA (Nevada) Eothele sp. (190)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5Spain (Aragon) Redlichella bohemica (120552)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5Mauritania Botsfordia paucigranulata (209266) Neobolus warthi, Acrothele sougyi, Acrothele spinulosa (209265)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0India (Tehri Garhwal) Diandongia pista (139522)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Australia (South Australia) Botsfordia sp. (97748 97778 97779 97781 97783 97784 97785 97786 97787 97789)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kazakhstan Botsfordia caelata (99357)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Hubei) Diandongia pista (68086)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Diandongia pista (68083 86845 86846 86847 86851 90126 90128 90129 90138 90152) Diandongia sp. (86929 86930 86931)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Shaanxi) Botsfordia minuta (57691)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Antarctica Schizopholis york (199526)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Yunnan) Diandongia pista (132328 132329 132330 194141 194153 194155 194160 194161 194162 194163)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Shanxi) Schizopholis yorkensis (234759)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Hubai) Diandongia sp. (219687)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Australia (Northern Territory) Edreja distincta (80920 80921)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Norway (Mjosen) Acrothele bellapunctata (42220)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Pakistan Neobolus warthi (127609) Neobolus warthi, Neobolus wynnei, Davidsonella linguloides, Davidsonella squama (127608) Schizopholis rugosa, Neobolus warthi, Neobolus wynnei, Davidsonella linguloides (127607)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Australia (New South Wales) Neobolus sp. indet., Botsfordia caelata (225136)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Russian Federation (Yakutia) Botsfordia sp. (90438)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Australia (South Australia) Curdus pararaensis (96958 97730) Diandongia sp., Botsfordiidae indet. (187498)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1China (Yunnan) Acrothele rara, Diandongia pista (90353 90356 90357 90361 90363 90371) Acrothele sp., Diandongia pista (90369) Diandongia pista (90355 90365 90368)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Sweden Acrothele granulata (87124 87184) Botsfordia sp. (87213)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Kyrgyzstan Acrothele rara (81268)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2USA (Nevada) Eothele sp. (9821 9822)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Antarctica (South Shetland Islands) Karathele napuru (49692)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Spain Acrothele primaeva (123849) Acrothele sp., Acrothele primaeva (123838)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland (Peary Land) Botsfordia sp. (210618)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Eothele sp. (78747)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (New York) Acrothele sp., Botsfordia sp. (182) Botsfordia caelata (78763 78764 78765 78766 78767 171821)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland Botsfordia caelata (49456 49457 49458 49459 49461 49462 49463 49464 49465 49471 49473 67779 67781)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (Pennsylvania) Acrothele decipiens, Acrothele yorkensis (11116) Eothele tubulus (97879)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Canada (Labrador) Botsfordia caelata (196252 196254 196255 196257 196259 196260 196261)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (Nevada) Eothele sp. (9820 10571) Eothele spurri (10568 96417) Siphonotreta dubia (203345)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Canada (Newfoundland) Botsfordia caelata (195904 196282 196283 196284 196285 196286) Eothele tubulus (196324 196327 196329 196330 196331 196332 196333 196335 196337 196338 196339 196340 196341 196343 196346 196348 196349 196351 196352 196353)
Duyunian514.5 - 506.5China (Guizhou) Glyptacrothele bohemica (88777)
Stage 4514.5 - 506.5Mexico (Sonora) Eothele sp. (234897)
Toyonian512.1 - 508.2Kazakhstan Botsfordia caelata (123061 123064 123065 123066)
Toyonian512.1 - 508.2Australia (South Australia) Eothele napuru (64460 64461 64462) Karathele sp. (96929)
Ordian511.2 - 508.0Australia (Northern Territory) Acrothele sp. (203)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Canada (British Columbia) Acrothele colleni (68908) Acrothele sp. (187 197 225262)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3USA (Montana) Acrothele colleni (68907) Acrothele colleni, Acrothele panderi (225273)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Mexico Acrothele sp. (10688)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3USA (Nevada) Acrothele sp. 2 (232726)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3USA (Idaho) Acrothele affinis (76096) Acrothele sp. (207)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Mexico (Sonora) Acrothele sp. (90558)
Delamaran - Topazan509.7 - 504.5USA (Utah) Acrothele subsidua (227007)
Delamaran - Menevian509.7 - 499.5Mexico Acrothele sp., Acrothele concava (10687)
Amgan508.2 - 504.5Czechia (Bohemia) Glyptacrothele bohemica (67708)
Amgan508.2 - 504.5Norway (Rogaland) Acrothele granulata (76545)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Sweden (Norrbotten) Acrothele granulata (9782)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Kazakhstan Acrothele sp. (56536) Schizopholis sp. (219910)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Australia (New South Wales) Eothele granulata (56531)
Templetonian508.0 - 504.5Australia (Northern Territory) A. gen. et sp. indet., Eothele granulata (232933) Eothele granulata (232934 232935 232936)
Wuliuan506.5 - 504.5Mexico (Sonora) Eothele sp., Acrothele concava (234898)
Wuliuan - Topazan506.5 - 504.5Mexico Acrothele concava (236858)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Czechia (Litavka) Acrothele sp., Glyptacrothele sp. (76453 76454)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Norway (Rogaland) Acrothele granulata (190113)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0USA (Montana) Acrothele pentagonensis (155652)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Australia (Northern Territory) Eothele napuru (59991 59994 59998 59999 60000 60014 60015 60016 60019 60026 60028 60034 60045 60046 60074)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Czechia Acrothele quadrilineata (199039)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Acrothele subsidua (77267)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0USA (Idaho) Acrothele speciosa (127486)
St Davids506.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Acrothele sp. (216)
Arcadian506.5 - 495.9Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Orbithele sp. (10768)
Topazan505.3 - 504.5USA (Idaho) Acrothele parilis, Acrothele artemis (50208)
Drumian504.5 - 500.5Czechia (Central Boemian) Acrothele sp., Glyptacrothele sp. (76456)
Mayan504.5 - 499.5Kazakhstan Acrothele sp. (10030)
Mayan504.5 - 499.5Kazakhstan (Balkhash) Acrothele sp. (118101)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5Greenland (Peary Land) Orbithele sp. (49452 49488)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5Denmark (Bornholm) Acrothele sp. (50768 75946) Acrothelidae indet. (75947)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5Kazakhstan Acrothele sp. (56538)
Drumian - Marjumian504.5 - 497.0Mexico Acrothele concava (236876)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) Acrothele subsidua (56144 230679 230682)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0USA (Texas) Acrothele sp. (78735)
Zhanaarykian503.0 - 500.5Kazakhstan Acrothele sp., Karathele coronata (9959)
Boomerangian500.5 - 499.0Australia (Queenslandd) Acrothele sp. A (225252)
Boomerangian500.5 - 499.0New Zealand (Nelson) Acrothele sp. (49850)
Mindyallan - Idamean499.0 - 494.2Australia (Victoria) Acrothele sp., Orbithele sp. (64043)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85France Acrothele sp., Orbithele courtessolei (56191)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (Alaska) Acrothele sp. (64797)
Merioneth497.0 - 486.85USA (Utah) Acrothele sp. (206)
Merioneth497.0 - 486.85Canada (British Columbia) Acrothele sp. (199)
Merioneth497.0 - 486.85USA (Idaho) Acrothele sp. (198)
Trempealeauan490.2 - 486.85USA (Nevada) Conodiscus burlingi (233789)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Norway Orbithele sp. (3106)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Iran Orbithele sp. (116238)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Poland Orbithele ceratopygarum (66196)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Czechia Orbithele discontinua (192830) Orbithele maior, Orbiculoidea sodalis (3837) Orbithele sp. (3782)
Varangu483.8 - 482.9Sweden (Öland) Acrothele coriacea (191671)
Varangu483.8 - 482.9Sweden (Dalarna) Orbithele sp. (191676)
Hunneberg482.9 - 475.6Sweden (Dalarna) Orbithele sp. (191677)
Floian477.1 - 471.3China (Hubei) Conodiscus sp. (186121)
Floian477.1 - 471.3Kazakhstan (Karaganda) Orbithele ceratopygarum (242227)
Klabava477.1 - 469.4Czechia Orbiculoidea sodalis (3838)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Czechia (Southwest) Orbithele undulosa (242155)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (Hunan) Acrothele sp. (7700)
Dapingian471.3 - 469.4China (Hubei) Conodiscus sp. (186122)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (JiangSu) Acrothele sp. (7943)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Sweden Acrothele sp. (380)