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Vitakridrinda sulaimani
Taxonomy
Vitakridrinda sulaimani was named by Malkani (2004). Its type specimen is MSM-155-19, MSM-59-19, MSM-60-19, MSM-61-19, MSM-62-19, a partial skeleton (rostrum, L and R proximal femora, occipital condyle, tooth), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Alam Kali Kakor, DL-19 (central), which is in a Maastrichtian fluvial claystone in the Vitakri Formation of Pakistan.
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2004 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 73 |
| 2006 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 12 |
| 2008 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 51 |
| 2009 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 66 |
| 2010 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 40 |
| 2011 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 59 |
| 2014 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 56 |
| 2015 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 10 |
| 2016 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 131 |
| 2017 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 63 |
| 2020 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani p. 439 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Vitakridrinda sulaimani Malkani 2004
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. S. Malkani 2020 | Vitakridrinda sulaimani theropod overlapping features with most derived Abelisauroidea Ceratosauria are as broad, small and low crown teeth, large hollow cavity in the centre enveloped by thick peripheral limb bones and medium to large sized amphicoelous vertebrae. Because in Indo-Pakistan, the poripuchian (all caudals are procoelous except first biconvex in a few taxa) the most derived or most advanced titanosaurs coexisted during latest Cretaceous which lack amphicoelous caudal vertebrae. Further Induszalim mesoeucrocodile have relatively very small vertebrae than Vitakridrinda and Vitakrisaurus theropods. Vitakridrinda sulaimani shares with Vitakrisauridae as dorsal centrum with parapophysis on the upper part of anterior caudal centra and forwardly inserted anteriorly neural arch on the dorsal aspect of centra.
Vitakridrinda sulaimani is characterised by the following autapomorphies. Vitakridrinda teeth are anteroposteriorly broad with low crown and have triangular shape with triconvex cross section. Asymmetric convexity (one limb shorter than other limb showing one limb shorter than other limb with different angles) found on one side, and plain surface is found on other side. Vitakridrinda teeth cavity is enveloped by two layer enamel; the blue enamel layer and then outer white enamel layer, while in mesoeucrocodiles from Pakistan only one layer enamel is observed. The blue enamel layer is sandwiched between the teeth cavity and outer white enamel layer. The central cavity of teeth of Vitakridrinda is relatively large than teeth cavity of mesoeucrocodile Induszalim bala. The theropod teeth are compared with mesoeucrocodiles because the Vitakridrinda theropod and Induszalim mesoeucrocodile are found in one and same locality and same horizon. Outer cover and envelope on central hollow cavity of teeth of Vitakridrinda is relatively very thin, than the teeth of mesoeucrocodile Induszalim bala which have very thick bone enamel envelope or cover. Vitakridrinda have low crown, oval to D-shaped and typically triangular to triconvex teeth. Vitakridrinda have elongated, tall and ventrally expanded dorsal vertebrae while Vitakrisaurus have elongated cylindrical dorsal vertebrae and Rajasaurus have short and tall dorsal vertebrae. Vitakridrinda have elongated and square shaped to cylindrical caudal vertebrae while Vitakrisaurus have elongated and tall caudal vertebrae. Anteroposteriorly elongated fossa on upper part of lateral side of dorsal centrum and extended into neural arch. This fossa also has neurocentral opening and suture. Further another upper fossa is present on the adjoining anterodorsal side which is again anteroposteriorly elongated while in Rajasaurus both fossa are anteroposteriorly compressed and dorsoventrally tall. Vitakridrinda hyposphene articulation found as extended laminae on dorsal vertebra. The postzygapophyses are vertical (not horizontal) and anteroposteriorly oriented while in Rajasaurus postzygapophyses are horizontal and laterally oriented. Vitakridrinda have groove bounded by lateral ridge in ventral view of dorsal and also anterior caudal vertebra, while Vitakrisaurus have groove bounded by lateral ridge in ventral view of caudal centra, Rajasaurus and Rahiolisaurus have no groove and no lateral bonded ridges in ventral views of dorsal and caudal vertebrae. Vitakridrinda did not have ventral keel in dorsal and also caudal centra, while Rajasaurus and Rahiolisaurus have ventral keel on dorsal and caudal centra. Anterior caudal have ventrodorsally oval shaped transverse process situated on the posterior articular ring. This oval transverse process is relatively thin in the ventral and thick in the mid and dorsal parts. Further this transverse process is not contacted with neural arch while in Vitakrisaurus and also in Rajasaurus the transverse process is extended from centrum to the neural arch. Vitakridrinda has asymmetric oval shaped transverse processes, while Vitakrisaurus has subcircular transverse process and Rahiolisaurus have triangular (cross-section) transverse process. Neural arch on anterior caudal is forwardly inserted while some posterior part is not covered. Vitakridrinda neural canal is dorsoventrally tall suboval shaped in anterior caudal vertebrae while Vitakrisaurus neural canal is dorsoventrally compressed, transversely oval shaped in anterior caudal and also in middle caudal vertebrae. Vitakridrinda have amphicoelous biconcave caudal vertebrae, while Rajasaurus and Rahiolisaurus have amphiplatyan or flat articular surfaces or feeble amphicoely. Distal caudal is anteroposteriorly elongated subcylinder type with long parallel ridges alternated by long grooves on all sides, except the anterior and posterior concave articular surfaces. This distal centrum has no apparent neural arch connection. Femur shaft is transversely broad with thick peripheral bone enveloped on the central hollow cavity. Femoral anterior trochanter is vertically oriented but blunted at tip. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 72.20000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (8 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Vitakridrinda sulaimani (53153 78055 79428 79429 79664 79665 type locality: 79666 79670) |