PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pachyrhizodus

Osteichthyes - Crossognathiformes - Pachyrhizodontidae

Discussion

Named ascribed to Agassiz in Dixon 1850.

Taxonomy

Pachyrhizodus was named by Agassiz (1850) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi K Camp Sepkoski's reference number: 915 Named ascribed to Agassiz in Dixon 1850.]. Its type is Pachyrhizodus basalis. It is the type genus of Pachyrhizodontidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hypsodon by Ballen (2019).

It was assigned to Sphyraenidae by Dixon (1850); to Elopidae by Woodward (1901); to Pachyrhizodontoidea by Applegate (1970); to Crossognathiformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Pachyrhizodontidae by Hay (1902), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Shimada et al. (2006), Cumbaa et al. (2006), Giersch et al. (2010), Nagrodski et al. (2012), Bice and Shimada (2016), van der Laan (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2022), Otero and Suárez (2022).

Species

P. basalis (type species), P. caninus, P. curvatus, P. dibleyi, P. kingi, P. latimentum, P. leptognathus, P. leptopsis, P. minimus, P. subulidens (syn. P. intermedius), P. velox

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. magnus, P. marathonensis, P. mimimus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1850	Pachyrhizodus Agassiz p. 374
1850	Pachyrhizodus Dixon p. 374
1901	Pachyrhizodus Woodward p. 37
1902	Pachyrhizodus Hay p. 387
1970	Pachyrhizodus Applegate p. 406
1981	Pachyrhizodus Thurmond and Jones p. 90
2002	Pachyrizodus Sepkoski
2006	Pachyrhizodus Cumbaa et al. p. 150
2006	Pachyrhizodus Shimada et al. p. 25
2010	Pachyrhizodus Giersch et al. p. 222
2012	Pachyrhizodus Nagrodski et al. p. 82
2016	Pachyrhizodus Bice and Shimada p. 186
2019	Pachyrhizodus van der Laan p. 60
2020	Pachyrhizodus Amalfitano et al. p. 280
2022	Pachyrhizodus Ebersole et al. p. 388
2022	Pachyrhizodus Otero and Suárez p. 4

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Actinopterygii	()
infraclass	Actinopteri	()
—	Teleosteomorpha
—	Teleostei	(Müller 1846)
order	Crossognathiformes	Taverne 1989
suborder	Pachyrhizodontoidei	Forey 1977
family	Pachyrhizodontidae	Cope 1872
genus	Pachyrhizodus	Agassiz 1850

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pachyrhizodus Agassiz 1850

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†Pachyrhizodus basalis Dixon 1850

†Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872

†Pachyrhizodus curvatus Loomis 1900

†Pachyrhizodus dibleyi Woodward 1901

†Pachyrhizodus kingi Cope 1872

†Pachyrhizodus latimentum Cope 1872

†Pachyrhizodus leptognathus Stewart 1898

†Pachyrhizodus leptopsis Cope 1874

†Pachyrhizodus minimus Stewart 1899

†Pachyrhizodus subulidens Owen 1842

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Invalid names: Pachyrhizodus intermedius Tarverne 1987 [synonym]

†Pachyrhizodus velox Stewart 1898

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2009-07-20 21:12:03

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:12:03

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Danian or 106.30000 to 61.66000 Ma

Collections (57 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	113.2 - 93.9	United Kingdom (England)	Raphiosaurus subulidens (137415)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	Australia (Queensland)	P. sp. (275457)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	United Kingdom (England)	P. subulidens (159610)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Colorado)	P. sp., P. minimus (132505)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (South Dakota)	P. sp. (117819)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Kansas)	P. minimus (213414 213417 213419) P. sp., P. minimus (213416 213418)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy (Treviso)	P. subulidens (214716)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy (Vicenza)	P. subulidens (214715)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy	P. sp., P. subulidens (214600)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Colorado)	P. minimus (213403) P. sp., P. minimus (35429)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Kansas)	P. minimus (94538)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (238509)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Nebraska)	P. minimus (213308)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	P. minimus (22731)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	United Kingdom (England)	P. basalis, P. dibleyi, P. subulidens (238510)
Middle Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	P. caninus (221989)
Cenomanian - Maastrichtian	100.5 - 66.0	United Kingdom (England)	Raphiosaurus subulidens (137416)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Mexico (Nuevo León)	P. caninus (186284)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Iowa)	P. minimus (213400)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	P. minimus (213384 213386) P. sp., P. minimus (213385)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Nebraska)	P. minimus (213389)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	P. minimus (35365) P. sp. (213390) P. sp., P. minimus (213387)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (South Dakota)	P. minimus (181902)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	P. sp. (188488)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (South Dakota)	P. minimus (194130)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	P. minimus, P. caninus (241665)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	P. caninus (94652)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Alabama)	P. caninus (81926) P. minimus, P. caninus, P. kingi (81928)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	P. sp. (232890)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	P. caninus (81931 81932 81934 81935 81972 82049 82052 82053) P. minimus (82051)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	P. sp. (105717)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Sweden (Skåne)	P. sp. (74334)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Russian Federation (Saratov)	P. sp. (224997)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	P. caninus (207338)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Arizona)	P. sp. (24915)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (South Carolina)	P. sp. (79363)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Manitoba)	P. minimus, P. caninus (36707)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Chile (Valparaíso)	P. sp. (124311)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Illinois)	P. caninus (70129)