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Protozygoidea
Taxonomy
Protozygoidea was named by Copper (1986).
It was assigned to Lissatrypidina by Williams et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Lissatrypidina by Williams et al. (2002).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1986 | Protozygoidea Copper |
| 2002 | Protozygoidea Williams et al. p. 1472 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Protozygoidea Copper 1986
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Fm. †Cyclospiridae Schuchert 1913
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G. †Cyclospira Hall and Clarke 1893
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†Cyclospira bisulcata Emmons 1842
†Cyclospira elegantula Rozman 1964
†Cyclospira levisulcata Rõõmusoks 1964
†Cyclospira nana Davidson 1869
†Cyclospira orbus Cocks and Modzalevskaya 1997
†Cyclospira perplexa Williams 1962
†Cyclospira scanica Sheehan 1973
Invalid names: Cyclorhynchia [synonym]
Fm. †Protozygidae Copper 1986
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G. †Manespira Copper 1986
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†Manespira costata Cooper 1956
†Manespira diversa Reed 1917
†Manespira elongata Cooper 1956
†Manespira magnicostata Cooper 1956
†Manespira nicolleti Winchell and Schuchert 1892
†Manespira rotunda Cooper 1956
G. †Protozyga Hall and Clarke 1893
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†Protozyga definitiva Percival 1991
†Protozyga exigua Hall 1847
†Protozyga gastrodes Temple 1968
G. †Xysila Copper 1995
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†Xysila anticostiana Twenhofel 1914
†Xysila astaca Copper 1995
†Xysila mogoktaensis Nikiforova 1961
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Collections (166 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ordovician | USA (New York) | Protozyga sp. (332) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Protozyga sp. (333) | |
| Chazyan | USA (Virginia) | Protozyga microscopica (186172) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (Nevada) | Protozyga sp. (104279) | |
| Llanvirn | China (QingHai) | Cyclospira sp. (8683) | |
| Llandeilo | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Protozyga rotunda (164928 164931) | |
| Llandeilo | Kazakhstan | Oligorhyncha mica (161885) | |
| Gisbornian - Harnagian | Australia (New South Wales) | Protozyga sp. (2714 2715 2716 2717 2750 2755) | |
| Soudleyan - Marshbrookian | Norway | Protozyga sp. (2945) | |
| Soudleyan - Marshbrookian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (3370 3373) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (3372) | |
| Soudleyan - Marshbrookian | China (JiangSu) | Cyclospira scanica (7943) | |
| Sandbian | China (Shaanxi) | Cyclospira sp. (186306) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Virginia) | Cyclospira sp. (327) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (326) Protozyga uniplicata (37904) | |
| Caradoc | Canada (Ontario) | Cyclospira sp. (64477 64479 64482) | |
| Caradoc | Myanmar (Southern Shan) | Protozyga haydeni (186298) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Georgia) | Cyclospira sp. (33103 33104 33105 33106 33107) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (33108 33109 33110) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Wisconsin) | Protozyga nicolleti (55651) | |
| Turinian | USA (Oklahoma) | Protozyga elongata (186181) | |
| Turinian | USA (Missouri) | Zygospira nicolleti (175724 181091) | |
| Ashbyan | USA (Alaska) | Cyclospira elegantula (164853) | |
| Ashbyan | USA (Tennessee) | Protozyga rotunda (164924) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Minnesota) | Manespira nicolleti (173874) Protozyga nicolleti (23273 23274) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Oklahoma) | Cyclospira parva, Protozyga loeblichi (23895) Protozyga costata, Protozyga elongata, Protozyga magnicostata (23893) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Pennsylvania) | Protozyga sp. (162391) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Protozyga nicolleti (23788 23789 23790 23791 23792 23794) | |
| Blackriveran - Rocklandian | USA (Minnesota) | Protozyga nicolleti (23276) | |
| Blackriveran - Rocklandian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Protozyga nicolleti (23795) | |
| Rocklandian | USA (New York) | Protozyga exigua (219799 219800) | |
| Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Protozyga nicolleti (23796) | |
| Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | Cyclospira sp., Protozyga diversa, Cyclospira nana (89157) | |
| Rocklandian - Shermanian | USA (Minnesota) | Protozyga nicolleti (23277 23290) | |
| Shermanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cyclospira sp. (25313 25314 25315 25316 25317 25318) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Cyclospira bisulcata (23802 23803 23804 23805 23806) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Minnesota) | Cyclospira bisulcata (23279) | |
| Longvillian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (43640) | |
| Burrellian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Protozyga diversa (165046) | |
| Actonian - Onnian | Norway (Oslo) | Cyclospira sp. (3253) | |
| Chatfieldian | USA (Virginia) | Cyclospira quadrata (105205) | |
| Chatfieldian | USA (Kentucky) | Protozyga sp. (34555) | |
| Chatfieldian - Edenian | Canada (Nunavut) | Cyclospira schucherti, Cyclospira vokesi (24116) | |
| Chatfieldian - Maysvillian | Canada (Nunavut) | Cyclospira schucherti (192776) | |
| Chatfieldian - Maysvillian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cyclospira sp. (188774) | |
| Katian | China (Anhui) | Cyclospira scanica (186337) | |
| Katian | Canada (Quebec) | Xysila astaca (158533) | |
| Cheneyan | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Protozyga perplexa (164412) | |
| Eastonian - Marshbrookian | Australia (New South Wales) | Protozyga sp. (2720) | |
| Eastonian | Australia (New South Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (2754) Protozyga definitiva (2727 2729 2731 2749 2751 166833 166836 166837 166838 166850) Protozyga sp. (2648 2701 2707) | |
| Edenian | Canada (Quebec) | Cyclospira bisulcata (192340) | |
| Edenian | USA (Minnesota) | Cyclospira bisulcata (23280) | |
| Edenian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Cyclospira bisulcata (23807) | |
| Edenian - Maysvillian | Canada (Ontario) | Cyclospira bisulcata (26293 26294) | |
| Edenian - Maysvillian | Canada (Nunavut) | Cyclospira schucherti, Cyclospira vokesi (24120) | |
| Edenian - Gamachian | Canada (Quebec) | Cyclospira minuscula (37791 37792) | |
| Nabala | Estonia | Cyclospira levisulcata (161238 168647) | |
| Harju | Sweden | Cyclospira sp. (379) | |
| Kralodvorian | Czech Republic (Praha) | Cyclospira sp. (151985) | |
| Kralodvorian | Italy (Sardinia) | Cyclospira scanica (75890 185151) | |
| Kralodvorian - Rawtheyan | Czech Republic | Cyclospira sp. (3875 3879) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Nunavut) | Cyclospira vokesi (101984) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Wyoming) | Cyclospira anticostiana (13497 65239) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Quebec) | Protozeuga anticostiana (63675) Xysila sp. (163781) | |
| Richmondian | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | Protozyga perplexa, Cyclospira nana (89260) | |
| Richmondian - Gamachian | Canada (Quebec) | Cyclospira glansfagea (37790) | |
| Pusgillian | Sweden | Cyclospira sp. (2773) | |
| Ashgill | China (Hubei) | Cyclospira sp. (114989) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Québec) | Cyclospira anticostiana (24584) Cyclospira minuscula (24528) | |
| Ashgill | China (Zhejiang) | Cyclospira scanica (25864) | |
| Ashgill | USA (Maine) | Cyclospira scanica (185954) | |
| Ashgill | China (Jiangxi) | Cyclospira sp. (186247) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Quebec) | Cyclospira minuscula (76075) Cyclospira sp. (11555 11556) | |
| Ashgill | Russian Federation (Taimyr) | Cyclospira orbus (37638) | |
| Cautleyan | United Kingdom | Cyclospira nana (163264) Protozyga perplexa (163262) Protozyga perplexa, Cyclospira nana (163263) | |
| Cautleyan - Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp., Protozyga perplexa (8291) | |
| Rawtheyan - Pusgillian | USA (Alaska) | Cyclospira orbus (164855) | |
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (England) | Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (3667) | |
| Rawtheyan | Belgium | Cyclospira sp. (185305 185309 185310 185315 185316) | |
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (8326 8327 8328 8366 8367 8370 192503) | |
| Hirnantian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (8384) | |
| Hirnantian | United Kingdom (England) | Cyclospira sp. (80657) | |
| Rhuddanian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cyclospira sp. (8408) | |
| Rhuddanian | Norway | Cyclospira sp. (13850) | |
| Rhuddanian | United Kingdom (England) | Cyclospira sp. (13806 13807) | |
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Protozyga gastrodes (4954 4961) | |
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Norway | Cyclospira sp. (14301) | |
| Llandovery | United Kingdom (Wales) | Protozyga gastrodes (3207) | |
| Raikkula | Estonia (Pärnu) | Cyclospira circularis (206837) | |
| Aeronian | Norway | Cyclospira sp. (13849 14279) | |
| Aeronian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cyclospira sp. (26027) | |
| Ludlow - Pridoli | China (Gansu) | Cyclospira sp. (27757) |