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Spiriferella rajah

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Spiriferellidae

Taxonomy
Spirifer rajah was named by Salter (1865). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Spiti Pass, which is in a Lopingian carbonate limestone in India.

It was recombined as Tintoriella rajah by Angiolini (1996); it was recombined as Spiriferella rajah by Grabau (1931), Waterhouse (1966), Zhang and Jin (1976), Licharew and Kotlyar (1978), Waterhouse (1978), Lee and Gu (1980), Waterhouse (1983), Nelson and Nelson (1985), Li et al. (1986), Yang et al. (1990), Shi and Shen (1997), Shen and Jin (1999), Shen et al. (2001), Waterhouse (2004).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
S. drashei, S. leilhavii, S. lita, S. minnewankensis, S. saranae, S. saranaeformis, S. texanus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1865Spirifer rajah Salter
1903Spirifer rajah Diener pp. 105, 186 figs. Pl 4, figs 3-5
1915Spirifer rajah Diener p. 86 figs. Pl 9, figs 5,6
1931Spiriferella rajah Grabau p. 148 figs. Pl 22, figs 1,2
1966Spiriferella rajah Waterhouse p. 48 figs. Pl 1, fig 5; pl 3, fig 2; pl 7, figs 1,2,4; pl 11, fig 2; pl 12, fig 2
1976Spiriferella rajah Zhang and Jin p. 215 figs. Pl 17, figs 3-12
1978Spiriferella rajah Licharew and Kotlyar figs. Pl 18, fig 6
1978Spiriferella rajah Waterhouse p. 38 figs. Pl 4, figs 1-7
1980Spiriferella rajah Lee and Gu p. 419 figs. Pl 178, fig 13
1983Spiriferella rajah Waterhouse p. 135 figs. Pl 6, figs 5,6
1985Spiriferella rajah Nelson and Nelson figs. Pl 1, figs 16,17
1986Spiriferella rajah Li et al. figs. Pl 6, fig 3
1990Spiriferella rajah Yang et al. figs. Pl 25, fig 2
1996Tintoriella rajah Angiolini
1997Spiriferella rajah Shi and Shen p. 48 figs. 6A-I
1999Spiriferella rajah Shen and Jin p. 557 figs. 3.17-3.20
2001Spiriferella rajah Shen et al. p. 167 figs. 6.1-6.11, 7.1-7.16
2004Spiriferella rajah Waterhouse

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
RankNameAuthor
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderSpiriferida
suborderSpiriferidina
superfamilySpiriferoidea()
familySpiriferellidaeWaterhouse 1968
genusSpiriferella()
speciesrajah()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Spiriferella rajah Salter 1865
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. B. Waterhouse 1966Ventral valve elongated, domed, heavily thickened, with incurved massive umbo and narrow cardinal extremities, plicae strong, interspaces narrow, sulcus comparatively shallow, its angle diminishing anteriorly. Distinguished from typical rajah by smaller cardinal extremities and fewer costae.
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height525.820.533.025.04.94
valve height1522.812.141.122.48.19

Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:12:52
Modified: 2004-02-28 16:12:52
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Sakmarian to the top of the Changhsingian or 293.52000 to 251.90200 Ma

Collections (105 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Wolfcampian - Leonardian298.9 - 274.4Canada (Yukon) Spirifer rajah (61572) Spiriferella rajah (61569 61574 61576 61630)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1China (Guangxi) Spiriferella rajah (134321)
Leonardian - Guadalupian286.0 - 259.51Canada (Yukon) Spiriferella rajah (61570 61575 61577)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Canada (British Columbia) Spiriferella rajah (88437)
Roadian - Wordian274.4 - 264.28Canada (Yukon) Spiriferella rajah (61626 61632 61635)
Roadian - Wuchiapingian274.4 - 254.14Indonesia Spiriferella rajah (207294)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Canada (British Columbia) Spiriferella rajah (95218)
Wordian - Capitanian266.9 - 259.51China (Heilongjiang) Spiriferella rajah (111166)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14India (Kashmir) Spiriferella rajah (82586 82587)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14India Spirifer rajah (228446 230616 230623 230625 230631 230632)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Nepal Spiriferella rajah (43115 43116 43117 43118 43119 43120 43121 43122 43123 43124 43125 43126 43127 43128 43129 43133 43134)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Xizang) Spiriferella rajah (61562 73591 73592 73593 73594 73596 73597 73598 73599 110099 121158)
Lopingian259.51 - 251.902India Producta sp. (117545) Spirifer rajah (type locality: 117559 230329 230330 230331 230338 230849 230853)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Xizang) Spiriferella rajah (51398 51401 73600 73601 73602 73603 73604 73605 73607 110495 117541 121592 121595)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902Nepal Spiriferella rajah (43166 43181 43185 43187 43189 43190 43191 43197 43198 43199 43222 43225 43226 43258 43261 43264 43267 43268 43269 43271 43273 43275 43278 120447 120449 120450 120508 120511 120513 120520 120521 120522)