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Trichiuridae
Taxonomy
Trichiuridae was named by Rafinesque (1810). It is extant.
It was assigned to Scombroidea by Hay (1902); to Trichiuroidei by Danil'chenko (1960); to Scombriformes by Jordan (1963); to Trichiuroidea by Casier (1966), Monsch and Bannikov (2011); to Pelagia by Miya et al. (2013); to Perciformes by Danil'chenko (1980), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Szabo et al. (2017); to Scombroidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Monsch (2004), Ebersole et al. (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Scombriformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021), Verma (2024).
It was assigned to Scombroidea by Hay (1902); to Trichiuroidei by Danil'chenko (1960); to Scombriformes by Jordan (1963); to Trichiuroidea by Casier (1966), Monsch and Bannikov (2011); to Pelagia by Miya et al. (2013); to Perciformes by Danil'chenko (1980), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Szabo et al. (2017); to Scombroidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Monsch (2004), Ebersole et al. (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Scombriformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021), Verma (2024).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Trichiuridae Rafinesque |
| 1902 | Trichiuridae Hay p. 403 |
| 1960 | Trichiuridae Danil'chenko p. 149 |
| 1963 | Trichiuridae Jordan p. 680 |
| 1966 | Trichiuridae Casier p. 244 |
| 1980 | Trichiuridae Danil'chenko p. 149 |
| 1981 | Trichiuridae Thurmond and Jones p. 105 |
| 1993 | Trichiuridae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15 |
| 1999 | Trichiuridae Weems p. 64 |
| 2004 | Trichiuridae Monsch p. 446 |
| 2011 | Trichiuridae Monsch and Bannikov p. 265 |
| 2013 | Trichiuridae Betancur et al. |
| 2013 | Trichiuridae Miya et al. p. 9 |
| 2016 | Trichiuridae Nelson et al. p. 415 |
| 2017 | Trichiuridae Szabo et al. |
| 2019 | Trichiuridae Ebersole et al. p. 169 |
| 2019 | Trichiuridae van der Laan |
| 2021 | Trichiuridae Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 44 |
| 2022 | Trichiuridae Cicimurri et al. |
| 2024 | Trichiuridae Verma p. 1999 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Trichiuridae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Anenchelum de Blainville 1818
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†Anenchelum angustum Danil'chenko 1980
†Anenchelum dorsale Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum eocaenicus Danilt'chenko 1962
†Anenchelum glarisianum de Blainville 1818
†Anenchelum heteropleurum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum isopleurum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum latum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum lednevi Menner 1949
†Anenchelum paucivertebrale Bannikov and Parin 1995
G. Aphanopus Lowe 1839
G. Benthodesmus Goode and Bean 1882
G. Lepidopus Gouan 1770
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†Lepidopus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Lepidopus anguis Sauvage 1870
Lepidopus caudatus Euphrasen 1788
†Lepidopus gouanianus Lacépède 1800
†Lepidopus lateralis Danil'chenko 1980
†Lepidopus lerichei Casier 1958
†Lepidopus proargenteus Arambourg 1927
G. †Trichiuridarum Rafinesque 1810
Subfm. Trichiurinae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
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G. †Eutrichiurides Casier 1944
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Eutrichiurides delheidi Leriche 1908
†Eutrichiurides winkleri Casier 1946
G. Trichiurides Winkler 1874
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†Trichiurides sagittidens Winkler 1874
Invalid names: Trichiurides orpiensis Daimeries 1888 [nomen nudum]
G. Trichiurus Linnaeus 1758
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†Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758
†Trichiurus miocaenus Delfortrie 1876
†Trichiurus oshosunensis White 1926
Trichiurus plicidens Arambourg 1952
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 56.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 51.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 51.1 Ma
Collections (122 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Trichiurides sagittidens (15595) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Trichiurides sp. (38950) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Trichiurides sagittidens (164192) | |
| Ypresian | Italy (Verona) | Anenchelum sp. (190957) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom | Eutrichiurides winkleri (160682 185917) Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri (215472) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Eutrichiurides sp. (71438) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium | Eutrichiurides winkleri (219006) Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri (219001) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri (8050 13299) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Trichiurides sagittidens, Trichiurus oshosunensis, Eutrichiurides plicidens (81179) Trichiurus sp., Trichiurides sp. (83330) | |
| Eocene | Pakistan | Eutrichiurides winkleri (79971) | |
| Eocene | USA (Alabama) | Trichiurus sp. (83333) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine | Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri (211009) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Eutrichiurides sp. (120885) | |
| Lutetian | Barbados | Trichiurus oshosunensis (221164) Trichiurus sp. (221167) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Trichiurides sagittidens (209368 209522) Trichiurides sagittidens, Trichiurus oshosunensis, Eutrichiurides plicidens (209521) Trichiurus sp., Trichiurides sp., Trichiurides sagittidens (13346) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | Trichiurus oshosunensis (77257 187560) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Trichiurides winkleri, Trichiurides gulincki, Trichiurides sagittidens (41992 41996) Trichiurus gulincki, Trichiurides winkleri, Trichiurides sagittidens (41888 41989 41994) | |
| Lutetian | Georgia | Lepidopus eocaenicus (185619) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Trichiurus sagittidens (209370 209371) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Trichiurus sp. (53666) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Trichiurides sagittidens (176944 209520) Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides plicidens (81266) Trichiurus sp., Trichiurides sp. (16848) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | Trichiurus sagittidens (3534) | |
| Bartonian | India (Gujarat) | Trichiurus sp. (237204) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Barbados | Eutrichiurides sp., Lepidopus sp. (220735) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Trichiurus sagittidens (55251) Trichiurus sp. (32925 75638) | |
| Priabonian | Kazakhstan | Trichiuridae indet. (113118) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Trichiurus sp. (45640) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Arkansas) | Trichiurus sp. (16549) | |
| Priabonian | Western Sahara | Trichiurides sp. (96686 96688) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Russian Federation (Adygeia) | Anenchelum angustum (186470) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation | Lepidopus sp. (186469) | |
| Rupelian | Azerbaijan | Lepidopus sp. (45740) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia (Moravia) | Anenchelum sp. (104941) | |
| Rupelian | Romania | Anenchelum glarisianum, Lepidopus glarisianus (113962) Lepidopus glarisianus (50344 187379 187380) | |
| Rupelian | Poland (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) | Anenchelum sp. (186589) | |
| Rupelian | Hungary | Lepidopus sp. (124377) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Lepidopus sp., Trichiurus sp., Anenchelum angustum (68021) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Trichiurides sagittidens (60444 224900) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation (Krasnodar Krai) | Anenchelum angustum (226844) | |
| Rupelian | Switzerland (Glarus) | Anenchelum glarisianum (186471) | |
| Oligocene | Czechia (Tschechien) | Lepidopus caudatus (185664) | |
| Oligocene | Czechia | Anenchelum glarisianum (125331) | |
| Chattian | Venezuela (Falcon) | Lepidopus sp. (221443) | |
| Chattian | France | Benthodesmus sp. (219194) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Trichiuridae indet. (97550) | |
| Aquitanian | Hungary (Esztergom) | Trichiuridae indet. (186636) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | Trichiuridae indet. (46980 241731) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Azerbaijan | Anenchelum lednevi (127434) | |
| Miocene | Greece (Crete) | Lepidopus glarisianus (162725) | |
| Burdigalian | Czechia (Moravia) | Lepidopus glarisianus (222391) | |
| Burdigalian | France | Lepidopus caudatus (219196 220042) | |
| Langhian | Mexico (Baja California) | Trichiurus sp. (52183) | |
| Langhian | Cyprus | Lepidopus sp. (66957) | |
| Langhian | France | Lepidopus caudatus (219197) | |
| Langhian | Azerbaijan | Lepidopus lateralis (116631) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Orissa) | Trichiurus savala (46365) | |
| Middle Miocene | Italy | Lepidopus sp., Aphanopus sp., Benthodesmus sp. (185486) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Benthodesmus sp., Benthodesmus tenuis (161449) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Trichiurus miocaenicus, Trichiurus sp. (58983) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Lepidopus sp. (185752) | |
| Tortonian | Italy (Asti) | Lepidopus caudatus (237147) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Aphanopus carbo (187504) Trichiuridarum sp. (178120) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Trichiurus lepturus (24237) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | Lepidopus sp., Lepidopus glarisianus (207356) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Costa Rica (Limon) | Trichiurus sp. (162678) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicily) | Benthodesmus albyi (186578) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Lepidopus sp. (186583) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Benthodesmus albyi (186581) Lepidopus albyi (210628) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Crete) | Lepidopus sp. (207365) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Zakynthos) | Lepidopus caudatus (207583) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicile) | Lepidopus albyi, Lepidopus proargenteus (210669) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Lepidopus albyi (210231 210640) Lepidopus albyi, Benthodesmus albyi (186576) Lepidopus albyi, Lepidopus anguis, Benthodesmus albyi (185692) Lepidopus albyi, Lepidopus proargenteus (186575) Lepidopus spl (210234) | |
| Messinian | Greece | Lepidopus sp. (207361) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Lepidopus proargenteus (59256) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Cyprus | Lepidopus sp. (185663) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Lepidopus sp. (210256) | |
| Pliocene | Greece (Crete) | Lepidopus sp. (162721) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | Lepidopus sp. (51511) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Lepidopus caudatus (207304) Lepidopus sp. (207303 207357) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Lepidopus sp. (57058) | |
| Gelasian | Italy (Bologna) | Lepidopus sp. (186574) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Trichiurides delheidi (189574) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Lepidopus sp., Aphanopus carbo (159378) | |
| Gelasian - Ionian | Greece (Kephallonia) | Aphanopus carbo (207577) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Aphanopus kokeni (159140) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Trichiurus sp. (20604) |