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Furcaster
Taxonomy
Furcaster was named by Stürtz (1886) [Sepkoski's age data: O Ashg-m C Tour Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Furcaster palaeozoicus. It is the type genus of Furcasteridae. It was considered monophyletic by Dean Shackleton (2005).
It was assigned to Lapworthuridae by Schuchert (1915); to Furcasteridae by Spencer (1925), Lehmann (1957), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983) and Boczarowski (2001); to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Protasteridae by Dean Shackleton (2005).
It was assigned to Lapworthuridae by Schuchert (1915); to Furcasteridae by Spencer (1925), Lehmann (1957), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983) and Boczarowski (2001); to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Protasteridae by Dean Shackleton (2005).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1886 | Squamaster Ringueberg p. 5 |
| 1886 | Palastropecten Stürtz p. 88 |
| 1886 | Eoluidia Stürtz p. 89 |
| 1886 | Furcaster Stürtz p. 148 |
| 1899 | Eophiurites Stürtz p. 190 |
| 1899 | Palaespondylus Stürtz p. 190 |
| 1905 | Sympterura Bather pp. 161-169 figs. pl. 1 figs. 1-3, 6 |
| 1912 | Rhodostoma Sollas and Sollas p. 225 |
| 1915 | Squamaster Schuchert p. 249 |
| 1915 | Sympterura Schuchert pp. 256-260 figs. text-fig. 32 |
| 1915 | Furcaster Schuchert p. 261 |
| 1915 | Palastropecten Schuchert pp. 261-262 |
| 1915 | Eoluidia Schuchert p. 262 |
| 1925 | Furcaster Spencer pp. 312-316 |
| 1957 | Furcaster Lehmann pp. 63-65 |
| 1965 | Furcaster Owen p. 556 |
| 1966 | Furcaster Spencer and Wright p. U88 |
| 1983 | Furcaster Haude and Thomas p. 128 |
| 2001 | Furcaster Boczarowski p. 29 |
| 2002 | Furcaster Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Furcaster Dean Shackleton p. 84 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Furcaster Stürtz 1886
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†Furcaster aequoreus Boczarowski 2001
†Furcaster cataphractus Boczarowski 2001
†Furcaster daoulasensis Davy 1887
†Furcaster decheni Stürtz 1886
†Furcaster leptosoma Salter 1857
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Invalid names: Squamaster echinatus Ringueberg 1886 [synonym], Sympterura minveri Bather 1905 [synonym]
†Furcaster palaeozoicus Stürtz 1886
†Furcaster trepidans Spencer 1925
†Furcaster zitteli Stürtz 1886
Invalid names: Eoluidia Stürtz 1886 [synonym], Eophiurites Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Palaespondylus Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Palastropecten Stürtz 1886 [synonym], Rhodostoma Sollas and Sollas 1912 [synonym], Squamaster Ringueberg 1886 [synonym], Sympterura Bather 1905 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Dean Shackleton 2005 | Ambulacral preeadial bar with medial oral ridge; proximal aboral ambulacral muscle facet more strongly curved than distal; loss of strongly calcified interradial disc. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Telychian to the top of the Late/Upper Famennian or 438.50000 to 360.70000 Ma
Collections (36 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Telychian | United Kingdom | F. leptosoma (99373 224104) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom | F. leptosoma (99394) | |
| Leintwardine | United Kingdom | F. leptosoma (95143) | |
| Early/Lower Devonian | Argentina (Jachal) | F. separatus (39230) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | F. palaeozoicus, F. decheni, F. zitteli (26904) | |
| Emsian | Poland (Kielecki) | F. cataphractus (94468 94469) | |
| Eifelian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | F. aequoreus (94507 94508 94509) | |
| Givetian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | F. aequoreus (94484) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland | F. cataphractus (82904 99476) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian - Middle Frasnian | Poland | F. cataphractus (82612) | |
| Middle Givetian - Late/Upper Givetian | Poland | F. cataphractus (99466) | |
| Frasnian | Poland | F. cataphractus (82610) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Poland | F. cataphractus (99443 99445) F. sp., F. cataphractus (99442) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Poland | F. cataphractus (82667 82739 83081 83084 83086 99435 99464 99471 99474) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland | F. cataphractus (99467) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Poland | F. sp. (99458) | |
| Famennian | USA (Montana) | F. sp. (641) | |
| Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | F. n. sp. B (38276 38277) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | F. decheni (127755) F. sp. (127753) |