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Ophidiidae
Taxonomy
Ophidiidae was named by Rafinesque (1810). It is extant.
It was considered an invalid subgroup of Ophidiiformes by Carnevale et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Ophidiiformes by Jordan (1963); to Ophidioidae by Frizzell and Dante (1965); to Ophidioidei by Constantin (1999), Betancur et al. (2013), Lin et al. (2017); and to Ophidiiformes by Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Bannikov (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Lin et al. (2017), Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was considered an invalid subgroup of Ophidiiformes by Carnevale et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Ophidiiformes by Jordan (1963); to Ophidioidae by Frizzell and Dante (1965); to Ophidioidei by Constantin (1999), Betancur et al. (2013), Lin et al. (2017); and to Ophidiiformes by Schwarzhans (2003), Schwarzhans and Bratischko (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Bannikov (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Lin et al. (2017), Ebersole et al. (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Ophidiidae Rafinesque |
| 1859 | Ophidium voltianum Massalongo |
| 1963 | Ophidiidae Jordan p. 737 |
| 1965 | Ophidiidae Frizzell and Dante p. 708 |
| 1999 | Ophidiidae Constantin |
| 2003 | Ophidiidae Schwarzhans p. 65 |
| 2011 | Ophidiidae Schwarzhans and Bratischko p. 92 |
| 2012 | Ophidiidae Fierstine et al. p. 75 |
| 2013 | Ophidiidae Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Ophidiidae Bannikov p. 26 |
| 2016 | Ophidiidae Nelson et al. p. 317 |
| 2017 | Ophidiidae Lin et al. p. 11 |
| 2017 | Ophidiidae Lin et al. p. 890 |
| 2019 | Ophidiidae Ebersole et al. p. 197 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Ophidiidae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Aequalobythites Schwarzhans 1981
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†Aequalobythites aequalis Stinton and Nolf 1970
†Aequalobythites hilgendorfi Koken 1891
G. †Ampheristus Konig 1825
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†Ampheristus brevicaudatus Lin et al. 2024
†Ampheristus pentlandensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Ampheristus sinuocaudatus Schwarzhans 1980
Ampheristus toliapicus König 1825
G. Hoplobrotula Gill 1864
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†Hoplobrotula antipoda Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Hoplobrotula elongata Weiler 1943
†Hoplobrotula gibba Bassoli 1906
†Hoplobrotula granosum Stinton 1957
†Hoplobrotula greenwoodi Nolf 1980
†Hoplobrotula joachimica Koken 1891
†Hoplobrotula lerichei Stinton and Nolf 1970
†Hoplobrotula robusta Nolf 1980
†Hoplobrotula sulcata Nolf 1972
G. †Hoplobrotuloides Schwarzhans 1981
G. Lepophidium
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Lepophidium cervinum Goode and Bean 1885
†Lepophidium latesulcatum Nolf and Stringer 1992
G. Neobythites Goode and Bean 1885
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†Neobythites auribatianus Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites auriculatus Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites bozzolo Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites inprobus Schwarzhans 1985
†Neobythites joenielseni Schwarzhans 1994
†Neobythites leonardi Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites lindqvisti Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Neobythites longesulcatus Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites pamunkeyensis Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites stringeri Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites turpidus Schwarzhans 2019
†Neobythites verus Schwarzhans 1985
Subfm. †Neobythitinae Radcliffe 1913
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G. Glyptophidium Alcock 1889
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†Glyptophidium nielseni Schwarzhans 1985
†Glyptophidium pseudobiarritzense Nolf 1991
†Glyptophidium stringeri Lin and Nolf 2022
G. Monomitopus Alcock 1890
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†Monomitopus nudus Schwarzhans 1980
†Monomitopus ovalis Schwarzhans 1980
Tr. †Neobythitini Radcliffe 1913
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G. †Ophidiidarum Koken 1885
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†Ophidiidarum boettgeri Koken 1891
†Ophidiidarum compactus Schwarzhans 2007
†Ophidiidarum elongatus Frost 1924
†Ophidiidarum joachimicus Koken 1891
†Ophidiidarum obliquus Weiler 1942
†Ophidiidarum obotritus Koken 1891
†Ophidiidarum seelandicus Koken 1885
†Ophidiidarum subregularis Schubert 1916
†Ophidiidarum symmetricus Frost 1934
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) difformis Koken 1891
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†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) difformis typus Koken 1891
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) difformis vetusta Koken 1891
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) difformis acutangula Koken 1891
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) hybridus Koken 1891
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) marchicus Koken 1891
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) sagittalis Frost 1934
†Otolithus (Ophidiidarum) saxonicus Koken 1891
Subfm. †Ophidiinae Rafinesque 1810
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Tr. †Lepophidiini
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G. Genypterus Philippi 1857
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†Genypterus angustus Casier 1966
†Genypterus elongatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Genypterus rectangularis Nolf 1972
†Genypterus valdesensis Riva Rossi et al. 2000
G. Ophidion Linnaeus 1758
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†Ophidion barbadicum Casier 1958
†Ophidion ozymandias Jordan 1921
†Ophidion polli Casier 1946
G. Otophidium Gill 1885
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Otophidium robinsi Nolf and Stringer 1992
†Otophidium robustum Nolf and Stringer 1992
Otophidium scrippsae Hubbs 1916
†Otophidium splendens Casier 1966
Subfm. †Sirembinae Gill 1863
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G. †Gadophycis Stinton 1965
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†Gadophycis bramscheensis Schwarzhans 2007
†Gadophycis serratus Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
G. †Preophidion Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Preophidion convexus Stinton 1977
†Preophidion meyeri Koken 1888
†Preophidion petropolis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Preophidion stintoni Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. †Sirembola Schwarzhans 1981
Invalid names: Genypterinae [empty], Ophidium voltianum Massalongo 1859 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (145 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | Ophidiidae indet. (127085) | |
| Danian | Greenland | Ophidiidarum seelandicus (22943) | |
| Tertiary | USA (Mississippi) | Otolithus meyeri (163732) | |
| Selandian | USA (Alabama) | Ampheristus sp. (87817) | |
| Selandian | Denmark | Ophidiidarum seelandicus (159792 159793 159794 159795) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | Ukraine | Hoplobrotula sp., Gadophycis serratus, Preophidion convexus (159509) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Neobythites obtusus (3262) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica | Hoplobrotula antipoda (100414) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom | Ampheristus toliapicus (215472) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Alabama) | Ampheristus brevicaudatus (237215) Neobythites stringeri (237217) | |
| Ypresian | Italy | Ophidium voltianum (94830) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Ampheristus toliapicus (13299 76601) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | Ampheristus brevicaudatus (237214) Neobythites longesulcatus, Neobythites pamunkeyensis (237216) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Maryland) | Ampheristus brevicaudatus, Neobythites longesulcatus (237212) | |
| Eocene | USA (Texas) | Preophidion petropolis (84145) | |
| Eocene | France | Lepophidium aequalis, Hoplobrotula lerichei, Hoplobrotula sulcata, Genypterus rectangularis (220174) | |
| Mangaorapan | New Zealand (South Island) | Ampheristus sinuocaudatus, Hoplobrotula greenwoodi, Pseudaequalobythites biplex (219499) | |
| Mangaorapan - Heretaungan | New Zealand (South Island) | Ampheristus sinuocaudatus, Pseudaequalobythites biplex (219501) Hoplobrotula greenwoodi, Pseudaequalobythites biplex (219500) | |
| Heretaungan | New Zealand (South Island) | Ampheristus sinuocaudatus, Hoplobrotula greenwoodi, Pseudaequalobythites biplex (219498) | |
| Lutetian | France | Ampheristus lerichei, Glyptophidium polli, Glyptophidium biarritzense, Glyptophidium major, Neobythites fitchi, Neobythites auribatianus, Neobythites bozzolo (188957) Ampheristus lerichei, Glyptophidium polli, Glyptophidium dolinorum, Sirembo tumidus, Neobythites auribatianus, Neobythites bozzolo (188960) Glyptophidium biarritzense, Glyptophidium polli, Neobythites bozzolo (188961) Glyptophidium biarritzense, Neobythites leonardi (188958) Glyptophidium polli, Glyptophidium major, Neobythites auribatianus (188962) Neobythites poubladensis (188959) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Hoplobrotula waltoni (41888) Hoplobrotula waltoni, Neobythites subregularis (41994 41996) Hoplobrotula waltoni, Neobythites subregularis, Lepophidium aequalis (41992) Monomitopus costatus, Neobythites subregularis, Lepophidium aequalis (41998) Neobythites subregularis (41989) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Glyptophidium stringeri (237115) Ophidiidarum stenzeli, Lepophidiinorum lamberi, Lepophidiinorum mucronatus (209370) Ophidiidarum stenzeli, Lepophidiinorum lamberti (209371) Preophidion petropolis, Preophidion stintoni (84146) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Lower Saxony,) | Hoplobrotula sp., Gadophycis bramscheensis, Preophidion convexus, Ophidiidarum sp., Fierasferoides subregularis, Aequalobythites aequalis, Aequalobythites hilgendorfi, Hoplobrotula lerichei, Hoplobrotula robusta, Ophidiidarum compactus, Nolfophidion tumidus, Nolfophidion fitchi, Bidenichthys symmetricus (188954) | |
| Lutetian | Belgium | Lepophidium aequalis, Hoplobrotula lerichei (123069) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Texas) | Preophidion petropolis, Preophidion stintoni (84144 84147) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Australia (South Australia) | Glyptophidium nielseni (219147) | |
| Porangan | New Zealand (South Island) | Ampheristus sinuocaudatus, Pseudaequalobythites biplex, Zonobythites cornifer (219502) | |
| Bortonian | New Zealand | Neobythites sp. (219510) | |
| Bortonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Ampheristus pentlandensis, Pseudaequalobythites biplex, Zonobythites cornifer (219504) Ampheristus pentlandensis, Zonobythites cornifer (219507 219509) Ampheristus sinuocaudataus (205332) Nolfophidion refertus (219503) Nolfophidion sp., Nolfophidion refertus, Monomitopus ovalis, Ampheristus pentlandensis (219322) Zonobythites cornifer (219508) | |
| Bartonian | Indonesia (Java) | Glyptophidium pseudobiarritzense (202252) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus acutangula, Otolithus subregularis, Otolithus sp. (42644) Otolithus acutangula, Otolithus waltoni, Otolithus subregularis, Otolithus sp. (42636) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Texas) | Glyptophidium stringeri (237132 237133) Preophidion petropolis (7437 7438 7439) | |
| Kaiatan | New Zealand (South Island) | Monomitopus ovalis (219333) Zonobythites ovalis (219512) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus dimidiatus, Otolithus waltoni, Otolithus sp. (42640) | |
| Priabonian | Australia (South Australia) | Neobythites inprobus (219148 219150 219166) Neobythites verus (219154) | |
| Priabonian | Barbados | Ophidion barbadicum (220738) | |
| Priabonian | France | Fierasfer sp., Fierasfer novus (222677) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Preophidion meyeri (32925) Sirembo sp., Neobythitinorum meyeri (75638) | |
| Runangan | New Zealand | Neobythites turpidus (219494) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Ophidiidae indet. (68021) | |
| Oligocene | Australia (Victoria) | Gadus refertus (122348) | |
| Duntroonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Neobythites joenielseni, Sirembo obesus (219615) Neobythites lindqvisti (219569 219570) Neobythites lindqvisti, Neobythites joenielseni (219618) | |
| Chattian | France | Neobythites sp. (219194) | |
| Chattian | Australia (Victoria) | Gadus refertus (219138) Gadus refertus, Ophidion granosum (48647) Nolfophidion refertus (174152) | |
| Chattian | Hungary | Neobythitinae indet. (184477) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Louisiana) | Neobythitinarum meyeri (44521) | |
| Waitakian | New Zealand (South Island) | Neobythites joenielseni (219319 219579) | |
| Neogene | Indonesia (Aceh) | Trachinus seelandicus (223637) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (South Island) | Neobythites lindqvisti (219591) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (North Island) | Neobythites lindqvisti (219517) | |
| Burdigalian | France | Hoplobrotula acutangula, Hoplobrotula gibba (219196) Hoplobrotula joachimica (220042) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Valencia) | Ophidiidae indet. (40031) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Shore) | Neobythites lindqvisti (219525) Neobythites lindqvisti, Sirembo obesus (219524) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | Ophidiidarum elongatus (67897) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Neobythites joenielseni (219341 219609) Neobythites lindqvisti (219605) | |
| Langhian | Australia (Victoria) | Ophidion granosum (219137) | |
| Langhian | France | Hoplobrotula acutangula (219197) | |
| Middle Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Hoplobrotula granosum (71242) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Ophidion joachimicum, Ophidiidarum indet. (161965) | |
| Badenian | Belgium | Hoplobrotula sp. (208831) | |
| Waiauan | New Zealand (North Island) | Neobythites sp. (219267) | |
| Waiauan | New Zealand | Neobythites sp., Neobythites joenielseni (63089) | |
| Tortonian | Argentina (Patagonia) | Genypterus valdesensis (59053) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Lepophidium sp. (136016 145520 145521 145522 145523) Lepophidium sp., Otophidium sp. (145519) Ophidiidae indet. (24237) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Bassozetus otteri, Hoplobrotula elongata, Hoplobrotula gibba (178120) Hoplobrotula armata (187504) Hoplobrotula armata, Neobythites auriculatus (187507) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Genypterus valdesensis (211703) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Germany | Ophidiidarum sp., Ammodytes obliquus (223566) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand (North Island) | Monomitopus nudus (219269 219553 219554) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand | Neobythitinae indet. (89138) | |
| Messinian | Chile (Antwerpen) | Genypterus sp. (162358) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand | Genypterus elongatus (219270) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Lepophidium microlepis, Otophidium indefatigabile, Chilara taylori (135043) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Ophidion grayi (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Greece (Peloponnese) | Ophidion barbatum (207769) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | Lepophidium sp., Otophidium robinsi, Lepophidium latesulcatum, Otophidium robustum (186673) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Otophidium taylori, Otophidium sp., Otophidium scrippsae (219849) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Ophidion sp. (22712) | |
| Mangapanian - Nukumaruan | New Zealand | Genypterus elongatus (219631) | |
| Gelasian | Greece (Rhodes) | Ophidion barbatum (207579 207580) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Greece (Rhodes) | Monomitopus metriostoma, Ophidion barbatum (207569 207571) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Ophidion rochei, Ophidion barbatum (159378) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Ophidion rochei (159288) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Lepophidium negropinna, Otophidium taylori, Otophidium scrippsae (59063) Ophidion scrippase, Chilara taylori (190889) Otophidium taylori, Otophidium scrippsae (160361) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Lepophidium graellsi, Neobythites gillii (161932) |