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Pleuronectoidei

Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1965Pleuronectoidei Frizzell and Dante p. 715
2002Pleuronectoidei Baciu and Chanet p. 22
2013Pleuronectoidei Betancur et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleocephalade Pinna 1996
RankNameAuthor
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Acanthomorphata(Rosen 1973)
—Euacanthomorphacea
—Percomorphaceae
—Carangimorpharia
—Carangimorphariae
orderPleuronectiformes
suborderPleuronectoidei
suborderPleuronectoidei

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. †Achirus Lacepede 1802
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Achirus achirus Linnaeus 1758
†Achirus mediterraneus Arambourg 1927
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G. Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862
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†Arnoglossus extremus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus grenfelli Schwarzhans 1999
†Arnoglossus kokeni Basoli and Schubert 1906
†Arnoglossus laterna Walbaum 1792
†Arnoglossus lautus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus longus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus miocenicus Weiler 1962
†Arnoglossus novus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus purus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus sauvagei d'Erasmo 1930
†Arnoglossus tenuis Schubert 1906
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Invalid names: Rhombus corius Pobedina 1954 [synonym]
G. †Bothidarum Nolf
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†Bothidarum biaculeatus Nolf and Lapierre 1979
†Bothidarum dorsolobatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Bothidarum incertus Priem 1911
G. Bothus Rafinesque 1810
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Bothus decipiens Casier 1966
†Bothus nativus Schwarzhans 2007
†Bothus parvulus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1883
G. Caulopsetta Gill 1893
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†Caulopsetta arnoglossoides Schwarzhans 1999
G. Grammatobothus Norman 1926
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†Grammatobothus awamoaensis Schwarzhans 1999
G. Laeops Günther 1880
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†Laeops undulatus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Miobothus Chanet and Schultz 1994
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†Miobothus weissi Chanet and Schultz 1994
G. Monolene Goode 1881
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†Monolene prudhommae Steurbaut 1984
G. †Oligobothus Baciu and Chanet 2002
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†Oligobothus pristinus Baciu and Chanet 2002
G. Peltorhamphus Günther 1862
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†Peltorhamphus flexuodorsalis Schwarzhans 1999
†Peltorhamphus fordycei Schwarzhans 1980
G. Taeniopsetta Gilbert 1905
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G. Citharus Reinhardt 1838
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†Citharus lusitanicus Jonet 1973
G. †Eucitharus Gill 1889
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†Eucitharus belgicus Gaemers 1972
†Eucitharus circularis Casier 1966
†Eucitharus miocenicus Weiler 1942
G. †Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans 1994
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†Rhombocitharus novaezeelandiae Schwarzhans 1999
Fm. Cynoglossidae Jordan 1963
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G. Paraplagusia Bleeker 1865
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†Paraplagusia alta lafond-Grellety 1982
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Symphurus atricauda Jordan and Gilbert 1880
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G. Citharichthys Bleeker 1862
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†Citharichthys oranensis Arambourg 1927
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Citharichthys varians Casier 1966
G. Paralichthys Girard 1858
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Subg. †Paralichthys (Vorator) Jordan 1925
†Paralichthys antiquus Jordan 1924
†Paralichthys yamanai Sakamoto and Uyeno 1993
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G. Atheresthes Jordan and Gilbert 1881
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Atheresthes stomias Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. †Evesthes Gilbert 1910
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†Evesthes hooveri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Evesthes jordani Gilbert 1910
G. Glyptocephalus Gottsche 1835
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Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington 1879
G. †Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835
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Subg. †Hippoglossoides (Isomma) Jordan 1927
G. Lyopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
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Lyopsetta exilis Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. Microstomus Schinze 1822
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Microstomus pacificus Lockington 1879
G. Parophrys Girard 1856
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Parophrys vetulus Girard 1854
G. Platichthys Girard 1856
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Platichthys flesus Linnaeus 1758
G. Pleuronichthys Girard 1856
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Subg. †Pleuronichthys (Zororhombus) Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Pleuronichthys veliger Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Solea Gouan 1770
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†Solea approximata Koken 1891
†Solea balonggensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea eocenica Woodward 1910
†Solea glabber Koken 1888
†Solea lenticularis Koken 1891
†Solea prisca Ciobanu 1977
†Solea proocellata Arambourg 1927
†Solea rotunda Priem 1914
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Invalid names: Solea solea Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
†Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858
†Solea songgoensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea sulci Steurbaut 1984
Invalid names: Pleuronectinae [empty]
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G. Rhombosolea Günther 1862
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Rhombosolea plebeius Richardson 1843
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G. Samaris Gray 1831
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†Samaris validus Schwarzhans 1999
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G. Lepidorhombus Guenther 1862
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†Lepidorhombus compressus Gaemers 1984
G. †Phrynorhombus Gunther 1862
G. Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810
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Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus 1758
†Scophthalmus stamatini Pacua 1931
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G. Aseraggodes Kaup 1858
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†Aseraggodes hudsoni Schwarzhans 2019
†Aseraggodes laganum Girone and Nolf 2009
G. Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930
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†Buglossidium frequens Steurbaut 1984
G. †Cornusolea Schwarzhans et al. 2017
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†Cornusolea fudoujii Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. Dicologlossa Chabanaud 1927
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†Dicologlossa patens Bassoli 1906
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Invalid names: Solea kokeni Schubert 1906 [synonym]
†Dicologoglossa hexophthalma Steurbaut and Jonet 1982
G. †Eosolea Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Eosolea aquitanica Priem 1906
†Eosolea bartonensis Frost 1934
†Eosolea claibornensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Eosolea formosa Prochazka 1900
†Eosolea subglabra Schubert 1906
†Eosolea texana Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Microchirus Bonaparte 1833
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†Microchirus abropteryx Sauvage 1870
Microchirus ocellatus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Rhombus Cuvier
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†Rhombus minimus Agassiz 1835
†Rhombus rhenanus Koken 1891
Invalid names: Achiropsettidae [empty], Poecilopsettidae [empty], Soleoidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektobenthico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:39:27
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:39:27
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 130.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma

Collections (171 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45France (Drôme) Solea sp. (75576)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Texas) Eosolea texana (84145)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Lower Saxony,) Rhombocitharus biaculeatus, Lepidorhombus circularis, Bothus nativus (188954)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Bothidae indet. (209371)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Bothus lapierrei (188957)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (California) Soleidae indet. (228148)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) Solea bartonensis (41989 41992 41994 41996 41998)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Texas) Eosolea texana (84143)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Egypt Solea eocenica (190954)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) Otolithus bartonensis (42641 42648) Otolithus bartonensis, Otolithus acuminatus, Otolithus approximatus (42636) Otolithus bartonensis, Otolithus approximatus (42644)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Texas) Eosolea texana (7439)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Indonesia (Java) Symphurus sp., Bothidarum sp. (202252)
Kaiatan39.1 - 36.7New Zealand (South Island) Arnoglossus extremus (219333)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Citharichthys sp., Bothidae indet. (75638)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Italy Aseraggodes laganum (78617)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation Pleuronectidae indet. (236597)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Otolithus bartonensis, Otolithus approximatus (42658)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4USA (Louisiana) Paralichthyidae indet. (164391)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Scophthalmus sp., Scophthalmidae indet. (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Belgium Citharus belgicus, Lepidorhombus compressus (188930)