| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Gyronites
Taxonomy
Gyronites was named by Waagen (1895) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Indu-u Sepkoski's reference number: 302,1066]. It is the type genus of Gyronitidae.
It was reranked as Meekoceras (Gyronites) by Smith (1904), Hyatt and Smith (1905).
It was assigned to Meekoceras by Smith (1904), Hyatt and Smith (1905); to Meekoceratidae by Tozer (1994); to Ceratitida by Sepkoski (2002); to Proptychitidae by Brühwiler et al. (2008); and to Gyronitidae by Spath (1934), Ware and Bucher (2018), Ware and Bucher (2018), Jenks et al. (2025).
It was reranked as Meekoceras (Gyronites) by Smith (1904), Hyatt and Smith (1905).
It was assigned to Meekoceras by Smith (1904), Hyatt and Smith (1905); to Meekoceratidae by Tozer (1994); to Ceratitida by Sepkoski (2002); to Proptychitidae by Brühwiler et al. (2008); and to Gyronitidae by Spath (1934), Ware and Bucher (2018), Ware and Bucher (2018), Jenks et al. (2025).
Species
G. arenosus, G. bullatus, G. dubius, G. frequens (syn. Lecanites undatus, Xenodiscus lilangensis, Prionolobus plicatilis, Lecanites psilogyrus, Xenodiscus khoorensis, Prionolobus compressus, Prionolobus plicatus, G. nangaensis, G. spiralis), G. levilatus, G. plicosus, G. radians, G. recentis, G. rigidus, G. schwanderi, G. sitala, G. subdharmus
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1895 | Gyronites Waagen p. 288 |
| 1904 | Meekoceras (Gyronites) Smith pp. 372 - 373 |
| 1905 | Meekoceras (Gyronites) Hyatt and Smith p. 145 |
| 1934 | Gyronites Spath |
| 1994 | Gyronites Tozer p. 68 |
| 2002 | Gyronites Sepkoski |
| 2008 | Gyronites Brühwiler et al. p. 1168 |
| 2018 | Gyronites Ware and Bucher |
| 2025 | Gyronites Jenks et al. p. 11 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Gyronites Waagen 1895
show all | hide all
†Gyronites arenosus Waagen 1895
†Gyronites bullatus Ware and Bucher 2018
†Gyronites dubius Krafft 1909
†Gyronites frequens Waagen 1895
hide
Invalid names: Gyronites nangaensis Waagen 1895 [synonym], Gyronites spiralis Waterhouse 1996 [synonym], Lecanites psilogyrus Waagen 1895 [synonym], Lecanites undatus Waagen 1895 [synonym], Prionolobus compressus Waagen 1895 [synonym], Prionolobus plicatilis Waagen 1895 [synonym], Prionolobus plicatus Waagen 1895 [synonym], Xenodiscus khoorensis Krafft and Diener 1909 [synonym], Xenodiscus lilangensis von Krafft 1909 [synonym]
†Gyronites levilatus Ware and Bucher 2018
†Gyronites plicosus Waagen 1895
†Gyronites radians Waagen 1895
†Gyronites recentis Tozer 1994
†Gyronites rigidus Diener 1897
†Gyronites schwanderi Ware and Bucher 2018
†Gyronites sitala Diener 1897
†Gyronites subdharmus Kiparisova 1961
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 78 | 8.69 | 3.40 | 22.0 | 8.60 | 4.02 | |
| shell diameter | 78 | 24.6 | 9.30 | 59.0 | 24.7 | 11.8 | |
| shell inflation | 78 | 9.06 | 3.40 | 21.2 | 9.10 | 4.85 |
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2003, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Griesbachian to the top of the Spathian or 251.90200 to 246.70000 Ma
Collections (105 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Griesbachian | Russian Federation | G. subdharmus (90207 90208) | |
| Griesbachian | Iran | G. sp. (112963) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation | G. subdharmus (61960) | |
| Induan | India | Danubites rigidus, Danubites sitala (211001) | |
| Induan | China (Anhui) | G. sp. (95654) | |
| Induan | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Danubites rigidus (211002) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | Vietnam | G. sp. (44785) | |
| Dienerian | Russian Federation (Primorye) | G. sp. (47203) G. subdharmus (47219 47225 47227 47228 47229 47231 47238 47245 47261 47263) | |
| Dienerian | Armenia | G. sp. B (110762) | |
| Dienerian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | G. dubius (217561 217572 217581 217609) G. frequens (217601 217610 217611 217613) G. frequens, G. bullatus (217564) G. plicosus (217582 217590 217600) G. plicosus, G. levilatus (217612) G. plicosus, G. sitala, G. levilatus (217563 217573 217591) G. schwanderi (217583) | |
| Dienerian | USA (Nevada) | G. frequens (238995 238996) G. frequens, G. bullatus (238997) G. rigidus (238990 238991 238992 238993 238994) | |
| Dienerian | Pakistan (Punjab) | G. dubius (217479) G. frequens (217481 217495 217502 217509) G. frequens, G. schwanderi (217482) G. plicosus (217494 217501 217508) G. plicosus, G. sitala (217480) G. rigidus, G. dubius (217500) | |
| Dienerian | Pakistan | G. frequens (102304 102305 215004) G. frequens, Lecanites psilogyrus, G. plicosus (143631) G. nangaensis, Prionolobus compressus (143845) G. plicatilis, Hypophiceras plicosum (102317) G. sp. (40863 109656 110934 110937 110938 110940 110942 110943 110946 110948 110950) G. undatus, G. frequens (102318) Hypophiceras plicosum (102316) Lecanites undatus (143840 143841) Prionolobus buchianus (143850) Prionolobus plicatilis (143827) Prionolobus plicatus (143849) | |
| Dienerian | China (Xizang) | G. dubius (229696 229697 229698 229727 229728) G. levilatus (229730) G. plicosus (229782 229784 229785) G. plicosus, G. sitala (229783) G. rigidus, G. dubius (229695 229729 229780) G. schwanderi (229700) G. sp., G. frequens, G. schwanderi (229731) G. sp., G. plicosus, G. sitala (229699) | |
| Dienerian | Azerbaijan | G. sp. (110726) | |
| Dienerian | Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) | G. sp. (90210) | |
| Smithian | Russian Federation (Primorye) | G. separatus (47232) G. sp. (47204) G. subdharmus (47267) | |
| Smithian | Oman | G. sp. (73233) | |
| Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | G. recentis (105327) | |
| Smithian | Pakistan | G. radians, G. arenosus (143846) | |
| Spathian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Gyronites indet. (211957) |