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Psammosteidae
Taxonomy
Psammosteidae was named by Traquair (1896).
It was assigned to Heterostraci by Jordan (1963); to Psammosteiformes by Moloshnikov (2009); to Pteraspidiformes by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Pteraspidoidei by Randle and Sansom (2017).
It was assigned to Heterostraci by Jordan (1963); to Psammosteiformes by Moloshnikov (2009); to Pteraspidiformes by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Pteraspidoidei by Randle and Sansom (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1896 | Psammosteidae Traquair |
| 1963 | Psammosteidae Jordan p. 585 |
| 2009 | Psammosteidae Moloshnikov p. 197 |
| 2016 | Psammosteidae Nelson et al. p. 29 |
| 2017 | Psammosteidae Randle and Sansom p. 596 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Psammosteidae Traquair 1896
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G. †Drepanaspis Schluter 1887
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†Drepanaspis carteri McCoy 1851
†Drepanaspis edwardsi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Drepanaspis gemuendensis Schluter 1887
†Drepanaspis jaegeri Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Drepanaspis schrieli Gross 1933
G. †Dyptychosteus Preobrazhenskii 1910
Subfm. †Psammosteinae Traquair 1896
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G. †Traquairosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
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†Traquairosteus falcatus Glinskiy and Nilov 2017
†Traquairosteus kiaeri Glinskiy and Nilov 2017
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Invalid names: Psammosteus kiaeri Halstead Tarlo 1964 [replaced]
†Traquairosteus pectinatus Glinskiy and Nilov 2017
†Traquairosteus pustulatus Traquair 1897
†Traquairosteus ramosus Glinskiy and Nilov 2017
G. †Psammosteus Agassiz 1844
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†Psammosteus arenatus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus asper Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus bergi Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammosteus cuneatus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus falcatus Gross 1942
†Psammosteus granulatus M'Coy 1848
†Psammosteus levis Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus livonicus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus maeandrinus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus megalopteryx Trautschold 1880
†Psammosteus paradoxus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus pectinatus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus praecursor Obruchev 1947
†Psammosteus tchernovi Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus tenuis Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus vermicularis M'Coy 1848
†Psammosteus waltergrossi Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Pycnosteus Preobrajenski 1911
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†Pycnosteus obruchevi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Pycnosteus palaeformis Preobrazhensky 1911
†Pycnosteus pauli Mark-Kurik 1965
†Pycnosteus tuberculatus Rohon 1901
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Siegen to the top of the Pennsylvanian or 413.02000 to 298.90000 Ma
Collections (49 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siegen | Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) | Drepanaspis schrieli (232143) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Alken) | Drepanaspis sp. (27049) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Drepanaspis gemuendensis (230899) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Gemuenden) | Drepanaspis gemuendensis (26903) | |
| Emsian | Belarus (Gormel) | Psammosteus toriensis (232955) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Belarus | Psammosteidae indet. (277007) | |
| Eifelian | Estonia | Pycnosteus sp., Ganosteus sp. (225793) | |
| Eifelian | Russian Federation | Pycnosteus sp., Psammosteus sp., Psammosteidae indet. (90332) | |
| Eifelian | Belarus | Pycnosteus sp. (225881 225882) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Estonia | Pycnosteus tuberculatus, Psammosteus bergi (225851) Vladimirolepis proia, Ganosteus artus, Pycnosteus palaeformis (225804) Vladimirolepis proia, Ganosteus artus, Pycnosteus pauli (225803) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Belarus | Pycnosteus sp. (225886) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Latvia | Vladimirolepis proia, Ganosteus artus, Pycnosteus palaeformis (225850) Vladimirolepis proia, Ganosteus artus, Pycnosteus pauli, Pycnosteus palaeformis (225802) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Russian Federation | Psammosteus sp., Psammosteidae indet. (90333) | |
| Givetian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Spitsbergen) | Psammosteidae indet., Psammosteus arenatus (225592) | |
| Givetian | Belarus (Gormel) | Pycnosteus sp., Psammosteus sp., Ganosteus sp., Ganosteus stellatus (242242) | |
| Givetian | Estonia | Elgaia luhai (239669) Ganosteus stellatus, Vladimirolepis proia, Ganosteus artus, Pycnosteus pauli, Pycnosteus palaeformis (239664) Placosteus alatus (239670) Psammosteus bergi (239672) | |
| Givetian | Latvia | Psammosteus livonicus, Placosteus undulatus (239144) | |
| Givetian | Russian Federation | Psammosteus waltergrossi, Traquairosteus falcatus (239668) | |
| Givetian | Belarus (Brest) | Ganosteus sp. (242243) Pycnosteus sp., Ganosteus sp. (242244) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Belarus | Psammosteus praecursor (225888) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Latvia | Placosteus undulatus, Traquairosteus ramosus (239671) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Russian Federation | Psammosteus sp. (90334) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Estonia | Psammosteus spp., Ganosteus stellatus (225778) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Latvia | Oredezhosteus livonicus (90347) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Russian Federation | Oredezhosteus kuleshovi (90346) Psammosteus praecursor (90343) Psammosteus sp. (90335) | |
| Frasnian | Russian Federation | Psammosteus cuneatus (239673) Psammosteus levis, Traquairosteus ramosus, Traquairosteus pectinatus (239674) Psammosteus maeandrinus, Psammosteus asper, Traquairosteus pectinatus (239134) Psammosteus tenuis (239675) | |
| Frasnian | United Kingdom | Psammosteidae indet. (239215) | |
| Frasnian | Canada (Nunavut) | Traquairosteus kiaeri (239676) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Russian Federation (Saint Petersburg) | Psammosteus megalopteryx (196703) | |
| Middle Frasnian - Late/Upper Frasnian | United Kingdom | Psammosteus megalopteryx (239413) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Russian Federation | Psammosteus falcatus (238745) Psammosteus sp. (90336) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Traquairosteus pustulatus, Traquairosteus falcatus (176215) | |
| Famennian | Greenland | Psammosteus sp. (238738) | |
| Pennsylvanian | United Kingdom | Psammosteus vermicularis (132819) | |
| Pennsylvanian | Ireland | Psammosteus granulatus (132818) |