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Parvicursorinae
Taxonomy
Parvicursoridae was named by Karhu and Rautian (1996). It is not extant. Its type is Parvicursor.
It was reranked as the subfamily Parvicursorinae by Xu et al. (2010), Choiniere et al. (2010), Xu et al. (2011), Agnolin et al. (2012), Xu et al. (2013), Hone et al. (2013), Novas et al. (2013), Averianov and Lopatin (2021) and Kubo et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Maniraptora by Karhu and Rautian (1996) and Kurochkin (2000); to Alvarezsauria by Alifanov and Barsbold (2009); to Alvarezsauroidea by Xu et al. (2011) and Hone et al. (2013); and to Alvarezsauridae by Xu et al. (2010), Choiniere et al. (2010), Agnolin et al. (2012), Xu et al. (2013), Novas et al. (2013), Averianov and Lopatin (2021) and Kubo et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the subfamily Parvicursorinae by Xu et al. (2010), Choiniere et al. (2010), Xu et al. (2011), Agnolin et al. (2012), Xu et al. (2013), Hone et al. (2013), Novas et al. (2013), Averianov and Lopatin (2021) and Kubo et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Maniraptora by Karhu and Rautian (1996) and Kurochkin (2000); to Alvarezsauria by Alifanov and Barsbold (2009); to Alvarezsauroidea by Xu et al. (2011) and Hone et al. (2013); and to Alvarezsauridae by Xu et al. (2010), Choiniere et al. (2010), Agnolin et al. (2012), Xu et al. (2013), Novas et al. (2013), Averianov and Lopatin (2021) and Kubo et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Parvicursoridae Karhu and Rautian |
| 2000 | Parvicursoridae Kurochkin p. 554 |
| 2009 | Parvicursoridae Alifanov and Barsbold p. 96 |
| 2010 | Parvicursorinae Choiniere et al. p. 573 fig. 2 |
| 2010 | Parvicursorinae Xu et al. p. 2 |
| 2011 | Parvicursorinae Xu et al. p. 2338 |
| 2012 | Parvicursorinae Agnolin et al. p. 47 |
| 2013 | Parvicursorinae Hone et al. |
| 2013 | Parvicursorinae Novas et al. p. 195 |
| 2013 | Parvicursorinae Xu et al. p. 26 |
| 2021 | Parvicursorinae Averianov and Lopatin |
| 2023 | Parvicursorinae Kubo et al. p. 29 fig. 18 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Parvicursorinae Karhu and Rautian 1996
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G. †Mononykus Perle et al. 1993
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†Mononykus olecranus Perle et al. 1993
Invalid names: Mononychus Perle et al. 1993 [replaced]
Invalid names: Ceratonykini Agnolin et al. 2012 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| V. R. Alifanov and R. Barsbold 2009 | Presacral vertebrae opisthocoelous. Claw of major digit of manus longer than preungual phalanx. Postacetabular process of ilia oriented subhorizontally. Pubic process of this bone relatively small, ischiadic process large, laterally extended. Ilia with well-pronounced supra-acetabular process. Pubes and ischia tightly connected. Greater and lesser trochanters fused into single crest. Distal part of fibula reduced. Third metatarsals wedging out proximally.
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| F. E. Novas et al. 2013 | Parvicursorines are diagnosed by several bizarre derived traits, such as opisthocoelous cervical and anterior thoracic vertebrae, procoelous synsacrum, a biconvex vertebra uniting the dorsal and sacral vertebral series, procoelous caudal vertebrae, and an opisthopubic pelvis with rod-like posteroventrally oriented pubis and ischium, recalling the condition present in derived ornithurine birds | |
| X. Xu et al. 2013 | Dorsal vertebrae opisthocoelous and without hyposphene−hypantrum articulations, dorsal parapophyses elevated to level of diapophyses, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossae hypertrophied, posterior sacral vertebrae with hypertrophied ventral keels, anterior caudal vertebrae with anteriorly displaced transverse processes, metacarpal II that is mediolaterally wider than proximodistally long and dorsoventrally shallow, bears two articular facets on the proximal surface, and lacks collateral ligamental fossae, manual ungual II with ventral axial groove and without flexor tubercle, tibial distal end with lateral malleolus anteroposteriorly expanded, astragalar ascending process L−shaped, and specialized arctometatarsalian condition with metatarsal III shorter than metatarsals II and IV. Other possible parvicursorine synapomorphies include: posterior dorsal vertebrae with small and posterodorsally oriented neural spines; biconvex vertebra near posterior end of dorsal series; keeled and boat−like sternum with median groove along midline; manual phalanx II−2 longer than II−1; supracetabular crest of ilium more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly; metatarsus longer than femur; metatarsals II and IV subequal in length; and pedal digit III more slender than digits II and IV. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Turonian to the top of the Late/Upper Campanian or 93.50000 to 70.60000 Ma
Collections (18 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Dzharaonyx eski (93204) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | China (Henan) | Xixianykus zhangi (94887) | |
| Santonian - Campanian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Albinykus baatar (80183) | |
| Campanian | Mongolia (Omngov) | Mononykus sp. (68525) | |
| Campanian | China (Nei Mongol) | Linhenykus monodactylus (131829 145095) | |
| Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Mononykus sp. (129749) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Mononychus olecranus (51033) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak) | Mononykus olecranus (37184) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Ceratonykus oculatus (88549) Jaculinykus yaruui (174155) Ondogurvel alifanovi (37004) Parvicursor remotus, Khulsanurus magnificus (27009) | |
| Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Mononychus olecranus (69801) Mononykus olecranus (13108) Mononykus sp. (55257 168983 199805) |