PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Trigonarca

Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae

Taxonomy

Trigonarca was named by Conrad (1862) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi-u K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 914].

It was reranked as Arca (Trigonoarca) by Lombard (1930).

It was assigned to Bivalvia by Dall (1898); to Arca by Lombard (1930); to Noetiinae by Reinhart (1943); to Arcullaeinae by Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983); and to Arcoida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

T. (Costelliarca), T. acclivis, T. angolensis, T. californica, T. camerunensis, T. cardiformis, T. cuneata, T. curvatodonta, T. excavata, T. furoni, T. inflata, T. jacksonensis, T. jessupae, T. ligeriensis, T. manzadinensis, T. schweinfurthi, T. sectilis, T. semiglabra, T. tumida

Species lacking formal opinion data

Cucullaea austriaca, Cucullaea crassitesta, Cucullaea szaboi, T. abrupta, T. brahminica, T. canensis, T. cliffwoodensis, T. cuneiformis, T. curvatodonta, T. depressa, T. elongata, T. falloti, T. ferlinii, T. galdrina, T. maconensis, T. meridionalis, T. moutoniana, T. multidentata, T. obliqua, T. obliquata, T. obsoleta, T. passyana, T. semisulcata, T. szaboi, T. thevestensis, T. triquetra

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1862	Trigonarca Conrad p. 289
1898	Trigonoarca Dall p. 606
1930	Arca (Trigonoarca) Lombard p. 300
1943	Trigonarca Reinhart p. 20
1980	Trigonarca Vokes p. 21
1983	Trigonarca Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 88
2002	Trigonarca Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Pteriomorphia	(Beurlen 1944)
—	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Arcioni	Gray 1854
order	Arcida	(Stoliczka 1871)
superfamily	Arcoidea	(Lamarck 1809)
family	Glycymerididae	Newton 1922
subfamily	Arcullaeinae	Newell 1969
genus	Trigonarca	Conrad 1862

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Trigonarca Conrad 1862

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Subg. †Trigonarca (Costelliarca) Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1973

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†Trigonarca (Costelliarca) gamana Forbes 1846

†Trigonarca (Costelliarca) punctulata Kendrick and Vartak 2007

†Trigonarca (Costelliarca) trichinopolitensis Forbes 1846

†Trigonarca acclivis Conrad 1852

†Trigonarca angolensis Rennie 1929

†Trigonarca californica Packard 1922

†Trigonarca camerunensis Riedel 1933

†Trigonarca cardiformis von Koenen 1897

†Trigonarca cuneata Gabb 1876

†Trigonarca curvatodonta Riedel 1933

†Trigonarca excavata Packard 1922

†Trigonarca furoni Dartevelle and Freneix 1957

†Trigonarca inflata Stephenson 1956

†Trigonarca jacksonensis Anderson 1958

†Trigonarca jessupae Maury 1930

†Trigonarca ligeriensis d'Orbigny 1844

†Trigonarca manzadinensis Dartevelle and Freneix 1957

†Trigonarca schweinfurthi Quaas 1902

†Trigonarca sectilis Packard 1922

†Trigonarca semiglabra von Koenen 1897

†Trigonarca tumida Whiteaves 1884

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
valve height	18	30.9	15.4	41.3	33.5	7.08

Composition:

aragonitef

Adult length:

10 to < 100f

Adult width:

10 to < 100f

Adult height:

10 to < 100f

Thickness:

thickf

Folds:

nonef

Ribbing:

majorf

Spines:

nonef

Internal reinforcement:

nonef

Ontogeny:

accretionf

Environment:

coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanicf

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilef

Life habit:

semi-infaunalf

Diet:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2008-11-18 16:50:20

Modified:

2009-08-18 19:29:29

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Danian or 168.20000 to 61.66000 Ma

Collections (137 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	USA (Alaska)	T. tumida (68769 68801)
Neocomian	143.1 - 125.77	Japan (Gumma)	T. obsoleta (40488)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	T. sp. (2133)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Trinidad and Tobago	T. sp. (1868)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Japan (Kochi)	T. obliquata (40222)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	Madagascar	Trigonoarca trichinopolitensis (98244)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Trigonoarca elongata (86497)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza)	T. depressa (88680)
Middle Albian	110.1 - 106.3	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Trigonoarca elongata (86503)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	Angola	T. ligeriensis (210730 210731)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	United Kingdom (England)	T. passyana (6280)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Japan (Ishikari)	T. sp. (39578)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (California)	T. sp. (167601)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Afghanistan (Takhar)	T. sp. (78084)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Germany	T. passyana (66734)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	India	T. gamana, T. punctulata, T. trichinopolitensis (228245)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Angola	T. sp. (210983)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	United Kingdom (England)	T. passyana (82809)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Kyrgyzstan (Batken)	T. canensis (3796)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Mozambique	T. ligeriensis (174799)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	India	T. gamana, T. punctulata, T. trichinopolitensis (228246) T. punctulata (228244)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Russian Federation (Sakhalin)	T. sp. (39569)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Nigeria	T. acclivis (83019)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Oregon)	T. jacksonensis (225033)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Cameroon	Arca semiglabra, Arca cardiformis (209694) T. angolensis (209675)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Kyrgyzstan (Batken)	T. canensis (3801)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Tunisia	T. thevestensis (88853 88855)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Nigeria	T. sp. (210159) T. spp. (82785)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Spain	T. sp. (175375)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (California)	T. californica (194023 220390 220932 220933 220937 220938 220940 220941 238628 238630 238637 238638 238639 239925) T. sp. (222110 222111)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Kyrgyzstan (Batken)	T. passyana, T. ligeriensis (3808)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Mexico)	T. obliqua (88639 88640 88641)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (California)	T. californica (80927 176026 194022 219050 220375 220934 220935 220936) T. californica, T. excavata (44202) T. excavata (44199) T. sp. (86784 207521 219081 220299)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Japan (Ishikari)	T. sp. (39577)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Mexico (Baja California)	T. californica (220406)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	USA (California)	T. californica, T. excavata (207818)
Turonian - Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	Cameroon	T. angolensis (209660)
Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	Angola	T. sp. (210891)
Late/Upper Turonian - Middle Campanian	93.9 - 72.2	USA (California)	T. sectilis (207821)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Congo-Brazzaville	T. camerunensis (1368)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	India (Tamil Nadu)	T. trichinopolitensis (46442)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Nigeria (Enugu)	T. angolensis (90241)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Cameroon	T. angolensis (209647 209667) T. camerunensis (209672 209691 209692) T. curvatodonta, T. camerunensis, T. angolensis (177976) T. sp., T. angolensis (209666)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Congo-Brazzaville	T. curvatodonta, T. camerunensis, T. angolensis, T. furoni (191893)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Alabama)	T. inflata (5165)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Georgia)	T. sp. (5159)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Carolina)	T. elongata (7625) T. maconensis (7617) T. maconensis, T. sp., T. triquetra (7619) T. sp. (7611 7612 7621 7622 7626) T. triquetra (7610) Trigonoarca sp. (190554) Trigonoarca triquetra (190552 190553) Trigonoarca triquetra, Trigonoarca sp. (123474 190550 190551) Trigonoarca umbonata (190579) Trigonoarca umbonata, Trigonoarca carolinensis, Trigonoarca sp. (190555)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Cameroon	T. camerunensis (94776 209676)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Jersey)	T. cuneiformis (88610 188337)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Peru	T. meridionalis (62033)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Egypt	Cucullaea schweinfurthi (199918)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	T. sp. (3608)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Peru	T. meridionalis (62037)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Carolina)	T. cliffwoodensis (151059)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Egypt	T. ferlinii, T. galdrina, T. multidentata, T. schweinfurthi (1363)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Serbia	T. szaboi (1380)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Colombia	T. sp. (1375)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Peru	T. meridionalis (1336)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Madagascar	T. falloti, T. galdrina (1322)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Jordan	T. schweinfurthi (1358)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mali	T. sp. (202360)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Libya	T. moutoniana, T. thevestensis, T. sp., T. schweinfurthi (1370)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Tunisia	T. schweinfurthi (1365)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Senegal	T. schweinfurthi (1366)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Austria	T. semisulcata (1379)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mozambique	T. schweinfurthi (1382)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Venezuela	T. sp. (1362)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Bulgaria	T. semisulcata (1332)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Nigeria	T. angolensis (1361) T. angolensis, T. furoni (1329)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Carolina)	T. maconensis (1311)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Algeria	T. brahminica, T. schweinfurthi, T. angolensis (1344)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Cameroon	T. furoni (1367)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	India	T. brahminica, T. galdrina, T. abrupta (1351)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Brazil	T. jessupae (1360)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Brazil (Paraíba)	T. jessupae (88074)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Argentina (Mendoza)	T. angolensis (236248)