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Perna

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy
Perna was named by Retzius (1788) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Isognomon by Woodring (1925).

It was assigned to Mytiloida by Sepkoski (2002); to Mytilinae by Moore (1983), Spencer et al. (2004); to Mytilidae by Vokes (1980), Mikkelsen (2006); and to Pernidae by Bohm (1926), Bouchet et al. (2010).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1788Perna Retzius
1926Perna Bohm p. 56
1980Perna Vokes p. 27
1983Perna Moore p. A70
2002Perna Sepkoski
2004Perna Spencer et al.
2006Perna Mikkelsen
2010Perna Bouchet et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyMytilinaeRafinesque 1815
genusPernaRetzius 1788

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Perna Retzius 1788
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Subg. †Perna (Perna) Moore 1983
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†Perna (Perna) montana Conrad 1857
†Perna bosniaca Oppenheim 1908
†Perna excavata White 1889
†Perna heberti Cossmann and Lambert 1884
†Perna kerguelensis Fletcher 1938
†Perna latoconvexa Newton 1895
†Perna loczyi Frech 1912
Perna magellanica Retzius 1788
†Perna meleagrinoides Hislop 1859
†Perna nishiyamai Yokoyama 1911
Perna perna Linnaeus 1758
†Perna rimosa Lamarck 1805
†Perna texanus Gabb 1861
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragoniteg
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2007-11-26 08:43:53
Modified: 2007-11-26 10:43:53
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Alaunian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 215.38000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 205.7 Ma

Collections (69 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Alaunian - Sevatian215.38 - 205.7Indonesia P. sp. (204424)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Hungary P. loczyi (203718)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.4 - 199.5France P. infraliasica (39215)
Planorbis201.4 - 199.5France P. infraliasica (39379)
Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Oman P. sp. (68356)
Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Greenland P. sp. (161208)
Middle Toarcian182.9 - 180.4Canada (British Columbia) P. sp. (53587)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Poland P. sp. (91908)
Callovian165.3 - 161.5Svalbard and Jan Mayen P. sp. (212005)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8France P. subplana (13116)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Madagascar (Sofia) P. latoconvexa (199158)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian157.9 - 152.21France (Normandy) P. mytiloides (23539)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Portugal (Leiria) P. lusitanica (49227)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2United Kingdom (England) P. mytiloides (70997)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Portugal (Centro) P. lusitanica (88194 88195)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06Portugal (Centro) P. lusitanica (88193)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1United Kingdom (England) P. mytilloides (100654)
Berriasian - Barremian143.1 - 121.4Chile (Coquimbo) P. sp. (221552)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Svalbard and Jan Mayen P. sp. (212041)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Hungary P. ricordeana (25151)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77France P. muletii (2199 2209)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Chile (Copiapó) P. sp. (223027)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2United Kingdom (England) P. sp. (1837)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5United Kingdom (England) P. inaequivalvis (6280)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) P. texana (98879)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Spain (Cataluna) P. montsecana (88327)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (North Carolina) P. sp. (87677)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Hungary P. expansa (74809)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (California) P. excavata (239772)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Texas) P. sp. (205541)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Japan P. nishiyamai (179910)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan Mytilus rimosus (77376)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Bosnia and Herzegovina P. bosniaca (179747)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France P. acutangula (78567)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) P. sp. (149316)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Antarctica P. sp. (72397)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Peru P. sp. (41620)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Germany P. sp. (70002)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Austria P. aquitanica (99160)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45New Zealand P. tetleyi (146338)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45France (Aquitaine) P. aquitanicus (74865)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63French Southern Territories P. sp., P. kerguelensis (41122)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63French Southern Territories (Kerguelen Island) Mytilus kerguelensis (209847) Mytilus planulatus (209848)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Indonesia P. sp. (63040)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia P. sp. (70083)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333South Africa Perna indet. (22219)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6USA (Florida) P. incurvus (79965)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6New Zealand Mytilus canaliculus (45029)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6New Zealand (Auckland) Mytilus sp. (45258)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58South Africa (Cape) P. perna (179484)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) P. conradiana (79875) P. sp. (80037)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58South Africa (Western Cape) P. perna (118257 118318)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Chile P. sp. (100174)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) P. conradi (22712)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774South Africa (Western Cape) P. perna (118308)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Namibia P. perna (122932)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Namibia (Erongo) P. perna (124050 124055)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117South Africa Mytilus perna (101549) P. perna (122946)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129New Zealand (Wellington) P. canaliculus (94818)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Morocco Mytilus perna (127571)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Morocco Mytilus perna (127592 127619)