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Perna

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy
Perna was named by Retzius (1788) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Isognomon by Woodring (1925).

It was assigned to Mytiloida by Sepkoski (2002); to Mytilinae by Moore (1983) and Spencer et al. (2004); to Mytilidae by Vokes (1980) and Mikkelsen (2006); and to Pernidae by Bohm (1926) and Bouchet et al. (2010).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1788Perna Retzius
1926Perna Bohm p. 56
1980Perna Vokes p. 27
1983Perna Moore p. A70
2002Perna Sepkoski
2004Perna Spencer et al.
2006Perna Mikkelsen
2010Perna Bouchet et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—MytilomorphiFerussac 1822
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyMytilinaeRafinesque 1815
genusPernaRetzius 1788

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Perna Retzius 1788
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Subg. †Perna (Perna) Moore 1983
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†Perna (Perna) montana Conrad 1857
†Perna bosniaca Oppenheim 1908
†Perna excavata White 1889
†Perna heberti Cossmann and Lambert 1884
†Perna kerguelensis Fletcher 1938
†Perna latoconvexa Newton 1895
†Perna loczyi Frech 1912
Perna magellanica Retzius 1788
†Perna meleagrinoides Hislop 1859
†Perna nishiyamai Yokoyama 1911
Perna perna Linnaeus 1758
†Perna rimosa Lamarck 1805
†Perna texanus Gabb 1861
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragoniteg
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2007-11-26 08:43:53
Modified: 2007-11-26 10:43:53
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 208.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 205.6 Ma

Collections (70 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Alaunian - Sevatian215.56 - 205.6Indonesia P. sp. (204424)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Hungary P. loczyi (203718)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France P. infraliasica (39215)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5France P. infraliasica (39379)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Greenland P. sp. (161208)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Oman P. sp. (68356)
Middle Toarcian182.0 - 175.6Canada (British Columbia) P. sp. (53587)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Poland P. sp. (91908)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Svalbard and Jan Mayen P. sp. (212005)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3Madagascar (Sofia) P. latoconvexa (199158)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France P. subplana (13116)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian161.2 - 150.8France (Normandy) P. mytiloides (23539)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Portugal (Leiria) P. lusitanica (49227)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8United Kingdom (England) P. mytiloides (70997)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Portugal (Centro) P. lusitanica (88194 88195)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0Portugal (Centro) P. lusitanica (88193)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0United Kingdom (England) P. mytilloides (100654)
Berriasian - Barremian145.0 - 125.0Chile (Coquimbo) P. sp. (221552)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Svalbard and Jan Mayen P. sp. (212041)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Hungary P. ricordeana (25151)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Chile (Copiapó) P. sp. (223027)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4France P. muletii (2199 2209)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) P. sp. (1837)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (England) P. inaequivalvis (6280)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) P. texana (98879)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Spain (Cataluna) P. montsecana (88327)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) P. sp. (87677)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Hungary P. expansa (74809)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Texas) P. sp. (205541)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Antarctica P. sp. (72399)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan Mytilus rimosus (77376)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Japan P. nishiyamai (179910)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Bosnia and Herzegovina P. bosniaca (179747)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France P. acutangula (78567)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Antarctica (Seymour Island) P. sp. (63552)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) P. sp. (149316)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Antarctica P. sp. (72398)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Peru P. sp. (41620)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Germany P. sp. (70002)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France (Aquitaine) P. aquitanicus (74865)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Austria P. aquitanica (99160)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44New Zealand P. tetleyi (146338)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608French Southern Territories P. sp., P. kerguelensis (41122)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608French Southern Territories (Kerguelen Island) Mytilus kerguelensis (209847) Mytilus planulatus (209848)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Indonesia P. sp. (63040)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6USA (Florida) P. incurvus (79965)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa Perna indet. (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Indonesia P. sp. (70083)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6New Zealand Mytilus canaliculus (45029)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6New Zealand (Auckland) Mytilus sp. (45258)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) P. perna (179484)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Chile P. sp. (100174)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Western Cape) P. perna (118257 118318)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) P. conradiana (79875) P. sp. (80037)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) P. conradi (22712)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa (Western Cape) P. perna (118308)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Mytilus perna (101549) P. perna (122946)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Namibia (Erongo) P. perna (124050 124055)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Namibia P. perna (122932)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129New Zealand (Wellington) P. canaliculus (94818)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Morocco Mytilus perna (127571)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Morocco Mytilus perna (127592 127619)