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Echinidea

Echinoidea - Camarodonta

Taxonomy
Echinidea was named as an infraorder. It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Echinina by Clark and Twitchell (1915).

It was assigned to Diademoidea by Clark and Twitchell (1915); and to Camarodonta by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Echinina Clark and Twitchell p. 63
2010Echinidea Kroh and Smith p. 171

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
—Echinacea()
orderCamarodonta
infraorderEchinidea
infraorderEchinidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. Echinidea
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Fm. Echinidae Gray 1825
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G. †Anapesus Holmes 1860
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†Anapesus carolinus Holmes 1860
G. †Atactus
G. Echinus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Echinus (Agarites) Agassiz 1841
Echinus anchistus Clark 1912
Echinus euryporus Clark 1909
†Echinus granularis Wright 1851
Echinus horridus Agassiz 1879
†Echinus perlatus Desmarest 1825
†Echinus purpuratus Stimpson 1857
G. †Isechinus Lambert 1903
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†Isechinus praecursor Ortmann 1900
G. Paracentrotus Mortensen 1903
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†Psammechinus dubius Agassiz 1840
†Psammechinus exoletus McCrady 1857
†Psammechinus ocalanus Cooke 1941
†Psammechinus santee Cooke 1941
G. Tripneustes Agassiz 1841
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Tripneustes depresss Agassiz 1863
†Tripneustes esculenta Leske 1778
Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus 1758
†Tripneustes magnificus Nisiyama 1966
†Tripneustes pregratilla McNamara and Kendrick 1994
Invalid names: Parechinidae Mortensen 1903 [empty], Triplechinidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: grazerc
Diet 2: deposit feederc
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 12:05:24
Modified: 2010-02-12 04:00:29
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Frasnian to the top of the Holocene or 382.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 372.2 Ma

Collections (131 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Germany Echinidae indet. (227711 227713 227717) Echinidea indet. (227694 227695)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Hungary Echinus sp. (81051)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Switzerland Echinidea indet. (172799 172801 172802)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Canada (Yukon) Echinidae indet. (53115)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Echinidae indet. (140334)
Middle Callovian164.7 - 161.2Saudi Arabia Echinidae indet. (141344)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Switzerland Psammechinus tenuis (2225)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Switzerland Psammechinus tenuis (2247)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9France Psammechinus tenuis (2222)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4France Psammechinus montmollini (2209)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Switzerland Psammechinus hyselli (2201)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Portugal Echinidae indet. (73318 73337)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Portugal Echinidae indet. (73154 73155 73166 73339 73354 73517)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Switzerland Psammechinus sp. (2229)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Portugal Echinidae indet. (73506 73509 73510 73534 73538 73542 73546 73547 73554 73572)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Germany Echinidae indet. (50421)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil Psammechinus sp. (140839)
Early/Lower Coniacian89.3 - 85.8Egypt Echinidae indet. (24082)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Aquitaine) Psammechinus sp. (87750)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Psammechinus cingulatus (3113)
Casamayoran56.0 - 48.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Hypechinus patagonensis, Psammechinus tournoueri, Psammechinus iheringi, Isechinus praecursor (50067)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (South Carolina) Psammechinus santee (203664)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) Echinus exerceus (88091)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Psammechinus ocalanus (57927)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Echinus dixoni (42643)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.2 - 28.4Argentina (Santa Cruz) Hypechinus patagonensis, Isechinus praecursor (42491 52859)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Argentina (Santa Cruz) Psammechinus iheringi (50072)
Oligocene - Pliocene33.9 - 2.588Argentina (Santa Cruz) Psammechinus lahillei, Isechinus praecursor (50076)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Alabama) Psammechinus floralanus (203665)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (South Otago) Echinus enysii (45653)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (North Carolina) Psammechinus carolinensis (86499 151325)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.03 - 15.97Italy (Sardinia) Psammechinus sp. (187426 187428) Tripneustes sp. (187424)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.03 - 15.97Cyprus Echinus sp. (69774)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (South Carolina) Stirechinus sp. (92413)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Micronesia, Federated States of (Mariana Islands) Tripneustes magnificus (204375)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Argentina Isechinus praecursor (65185)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Florida) Psammechinus sp. (35018)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Switzerland Psammechinus dubius (72322 72420)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Egypt Psammechinus dubius (47998)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France Psammechinus dubius (66288) Psammechinus sp. (59265)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany Psammechinus dubius (188985)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Italy (Sardinia) Psammechinus sp., Tripneustes sp. (187431)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Austria Psammechinus dubius (55394)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (Western Australia) Tripneustes pregratilla (63292)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62France Psammechinus neuvillei (34609)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Spain Psammechinus subrogosus (34469)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Cyprus Psammechinus sp. (71885 71895)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Belgium Gracilechinus gracilis (206291)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Psammechinus sp. (69922 70513)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Spain Echinus sp. (56687)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Malta Echinus sp. (141546)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Psammechinus rugosus (70864) Psammechinus sp. (69864 70786 70882 70884) Psammechinus subrugosus (70879)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco Psammechinus sp. (69860)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (California) Hipponoe californica (155850)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (Virginia) Psammechinus philanthopus (155888) Psammechinus philanthropus (155878 155881 155887 155892)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Psammechinus philanthropus (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (South Carolina) Psammechinus philanthropus (60940)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588USA (South Carolina) Psammechinus exoletus (203666)
Piacenzian - Zanclean3.6 - 3.6Belgium Echinus lamarcki, Gracilechinus sp. (32146)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Alpes Maritimes) Paracentrotus lividus (50523)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Anapesus carolinus (79745)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece Echinus melo (88774)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Echinidae indet. (76577 76579) Paracentrotus sp. (215647 215678 215685 215695)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Jamaica Tripneustes sp. (90592)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Spain Paracentrotus sp. (215661 215719 215723 215727 215728 215729 215730 215732 215737 215738 215741 215742 215743 215744)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mauritius Tripneustes sp. (96892)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Paracentrotus sp. (215726 215731 215733 215734 215735 215736 215739 215740)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain (Cantabria) Paracentrotus sp. (101904)