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Spheniscus chilensis

Osteichthyes - Spheniscidae

Taxonomy
Spheniscus chilensis was named by Emslie and Correa (2003). Its type specimen is UCN-1-130697, a set of limb elements (left hunmerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cuenca del Tirburon, which is in a Pliocene offshore carbonate in the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones Formation of Chile.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2003Spheniscus chilensis Emslie and Correa p. 310 figs. Fig. 2
2007Spheniscus chilensis Chavez p. 554
2008Spheniscus chilensis Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi p. 121

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
RankNameAuthor
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Saurischia()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Aequornithes
Feraequornithes
superorderProcellariimorphae
Sphenisciformes(Sharpe 1891)
familySpheniscidaeBonaparte 1831
genusSpheniscusBrisson 1760
specieschilensis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Spheniscus chilensis Emslie and Correa 2003
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. Acosta Hospitaleche and C. Tambussi 2008Humerus with deep fossa at proximal anconal surface below head (fossa is shallow in Spheniscus humboldti, S. demersus and S. mendiculus, shallow to mod- erately deep in S. magellanicus), relatively smaller and nar- rower entepicondylar process (broad and rounded in all lving Spheniscus), relatively slender shaft similar to S. magellani- cus and S. demersus (more robust in S, humboldti), and distal end with or without pneumatic fossa in distal view (no fossa present in all living Spheniscus). Tibiotarsus with relatively larger distal foramina and broader distal external shaft than in all living Spheniscus. Tarsometatarsus with shallow ante- rior grooves below proximal foramina (grooves deep in all Recent Spheniscus). The ulna, radius, carpometacarpus and femur of the fossil species show minor differences with the living species (Emslie & Correa, 2003).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983

Age range: Late/Upper Pliocene or 3.60000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections: one only


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Chile Spheniscus chilensis (type locality: 100174)