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Taxonomy
Psocodea was named by Hennig (1966). It is extant.
It was assigned to Insecta by Scudder (1890); to Hemineoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); to Paraneoptera by Nel et al. (2012), Mockford et al. (2013); to Neoptera by Misof et al. (2014); and to Acercaria by Prokop et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Insecta by Scudder (1890); to Hemineoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); to Paraneoptera by Nel et al. (2012), Mockford et al. (2013); to Neoptera by Misof et al. (2014); and to Acercaria by Prokop et al. (2017).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1890 | Psocina Scudder p. 117 |
| 1926 | Psocoptera Martynov |
| 1926 | Parapsocida Martynov p. 1364 |
| 1926 | Copeognatha Tillyard |
| 1928 | Psocoptera Martynov |
| 1935 | Copeognatha Tillyard |
| 1966 | Psocodea Hennig p. 187 |
| 1992 | Psocoptera Carpenter p. 191 |
| 2004 | Psocodea Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence |
| 2012 | Psocodea Nel et al. p. 385 |
| 2013 | Psocodea Mockford et al. |
| 2014 | Psocodea Misof et al. |
| 2017 | Psocodea Prokop et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Psocodea Hennig 1966 [bark louse]
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Subor. Psocomorpha Roesler 1944
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G. †Awightipsocus Azar 2014
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†Awightipsocus jarzembowskii Azar 2014
†Awightipsocus megaloi Azar 2014
†Awightipsocus minimus Azar 2014
Infraor. Caeciliusetae Pearman 1936
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Fm. Amphipsocidae Pearman 1936 [hairy-winged barklouse]
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Fm. Caeciliusidae Kolbe 1880 [lizard barklouse]
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Invalid names: Caeciliusoidea Kolbe 1880 [invalid subgroup]
Infraor. Epipsocetae Pearman 1936
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Infraor. Homilopsocidea Pearman 1936
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Fm. Elipsocidae Kolbe 1882 [damp barklouse]
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Fm. Lachesillidae Karny 1930 [fateful barklouse]
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Subfm. Eolachesillinae Mockford and Sullivan 1986
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Tr. Eolachesillini Mockford and Sullivan 1986
Invalid names: Graphocaeciliini Roesler 1944 [empty]
Invalid names: Elipsocoidea Kolbe 1882 [invalid subgroup], Lachesilloidea Karny 1930 [invalid subgroup], Peripsocoidea Pearman 1936 [invalid subgroup]
Infraor. Philotarsetae Yoshizawa and Johnson 2014
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Fm. Philotarsidae Pearman 1936 [loving barklouse]
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Fm. Pseudocaeciliidae Pearman 1936 [false lizard barklouse]
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Fm. Trichopsocidae Pearman 1936 [lash-faced psocid]
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Invalid names: Pseudocaecilioidea Pearman 1936 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Wightipsocus Azar 2014
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†Wightipsocus acourti Cockerell 1921
†Wightipsocus intasi Azar 2014
†Wightipsocus rossi Azar 2014
Invalid names: Hemipsocetae Yoshizawa 2002 [empty]
Subor. Troctomorpha Roesler 1940 [book louse]
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Infraor. Amphientometae Pearman 1936
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Superfm. Amphientomoidea Kolbe 1883
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Fm. Amphientomidae Kolbe 1883 [tropical barklouse]
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Subfm. Amphientominae Kolbe 1883
G. †Arcantipsocus Azar et al. 2009
G. †Proamphientomum Vishnyakova 1975
Invalid names: Arcantipsocidae Azar et al. 2009 [synonym]
Superfm. Electrentomoidea Enderlein 1911
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Fm. Compsocidae Mockford 1967
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G. †Burmacompsocus Nel and Waller 2007
G. †Paraelectrentomopsis Azar et al. 2016
Fm. †Electrentomidae Enderlein 1911
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G. †Electrentomum Enderlein 1911
G. †Manicapsocidus Baz and Ortuño 2001
G. †Paramesopsocus Azar et al. 2008
G. †Parelectrentomum Roesler 1940
Invalid names: Paramesopsocidae Azar et al. 2008 [synonym]
Infraor. Liposcelidetae de Moya et al. 2020
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Fm. Liposcelididae Enderlein 1911 [booklouse]
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Subfm. Embidopsocinae Karny 1930
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G. Belaphopsocus Badonnel 1955
G. Belaphotroctes Roesler 1943
G. Embidopsocus Hagen 1866
Fm. Manicapsocidae Mockford 1967
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G. †Azarpsocus Maheu and Nel 2019
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†Azarpsocus anjana Álvarez-Parra and Nel 2023
†Azarpsocus perreaui Maheu and Nel 2019
G. †Palaeomanicapsocus Azar et al. 2016
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†Palaeomanicapsocus fouadi Azar et al. 2016
†Palaeomanicapsocus margoae Azar et al. 2016
G. †Paramanicapsocus Hakim et al. 2019
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†Paramanicapsocus longiantennatus Hakim et al. 2019
†Paramanicapsocus xingyuei Liang 2023
Infraor. Pachytroctetae de Moya et al. 2020
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Fm. Pachytroctidae Enderlein 1911 [thick barklouse]
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Subfm. Tapinellinae Enderlein 1908
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G. †Atapinella Azar et al. 2015
G. †Burmipachytrocta Azar et al. 2015
G. †Cretacetrocta Hakim et al. 2024
G. Psylloneura Enderlein 1903
G. Tapinella Enderlein 1908
Infraor. Phthiraptera Haeckel 1896 [parasitic louse]
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Superfm. Amblycera Kellogg 1896
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Invalid names: Anoplura Leach 1815 [empty], Ischnocera Kellogg 1896 [empty]
Infraor. Sphaeropsocetae de Moya et al. 2020
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Fm. Sphaeropsocidae Kolbe 1883
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Invalid names: Nanopsocetae Pearman 1936 [invalid subgroup]
Subor. Trogiomorpha Roesler 1940
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Infraor. Atropetae Pearman 1936
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Fm. †Empheriidae Kolbe 1883
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G. †Archaeatropos Baz and Ortuño 2000
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†Archaeatropos alavensis Baz and Ortuño 2000
†Archaeatropos randatae Azar and Nel 2004
G. †Bcharreglaris Azar and Nel 2004
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†Bcharreglaris amooni Kaddumi 2007
†Bcharreglaris amunobi Azar and Nel 2004
†Bcharreglaris haddadini Kaddumi 2007
G. †Burmempheria Li et al. 2020
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†Burmempheria curvatavena Li et al. 2022
†Burmempheria densuschaetae Li et al. 2020
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Invalid names: Latempheria kachinensis Li et al. 2022 [synonym]
†Burmempheria raruschaetae Li et al. 2020
Invalid names: Latempheria Li et al. 2022 [synonym]
G. †Empheropsocus Baz and Ortuño 2001
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†Empheropsocus arilloi Baz and Ortuño 2001
†Empheropsocus margineglabrus Baz and Ortuño 2001
G. †Libanoglaris Azar et al. 2003
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†Libanoglaris chehabi Azar and Nel 2004
†Libanoglaris hespericus Álvarez-Parra et al. 2022
†Libanoglaris mouawadi Azar et al. 2003
Invalid names: Archaeatropidae Baz and Ortuño 2000 [synonym]
Fm. Lepidopsocidae Enderlein 1903 [scaly-winged bark louse]
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Subfm. Thylacinae Enderlein 1903
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G. Thylacella Enderlein 1911
G. †Thylax Hagen 1866
Invalid names: Thylacellinae Roesler 1944 [synonym]
Fm. Psoquillidae Kolbe 1882
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Fm. Trogiidae Enderlein 1911 [granary booklouse]
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G. †Eolepinotus Vishnyakova 1975
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†Eolepinotus pilosus Vishnyakova 1975
†Eolepinotus zherikhini Hakim et al. 2021
Fm. †Cormopsocidae Yoshizawa and Lienhard 2020
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G. †Cormopsocus Yoshizawa and Lienhard 2020
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†Cormopsocus baleoi Hakim et al. 2021
†Cormopsocus groehni Yoshizawa and Lienhard 2020
†Cormopsocus neli Hakim et al. 2021
†Cormopsocus perantiqua Cockerell 1919
G. †Longiglabellus Wang et al. 2021
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†Longiglabellus edentatus Wang et al. 2021
†Longiglabellus pedhyalinus Wang et al. 2021
Infraor. Psyllipsocetae Smithers 1972
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Fm. Psyllipsocidae Kolbe 1884 [cave barklouse]
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G. †Annulipsyllipsocus Hakim et al. 2017
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†Annulipsyllipsocus andreneli Hakim et al. 2017
†Annulipsyllipsocus inexspectatus Hakim et al. 2017
G. Psyllipsocus Selys-Longchamps 1872
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†Psyllipsocus eocenicus Nel et al. 2005
†Psyllipsocus fushunensis Zhang et al. 2016
†Psyllipsocus inclusus Vishnyakova 1975
†Psyllipsocus mili Weingardt et al. 2025
†Psyllipsocus myanmarensis Jouault et al. 2021
†Psyllipsocus yangi Liang and Liu 2021
†Psyllipsocus yoshizawai Álvarez-Parra et al. 2020
Invalid names: Khatangia Vishnyakova 1975 [synonym], Sinopsyllipsocus Zhang et al. 2016 [synonym]
Invalid names: Psocatropetae Pearman 1936 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Psocoptera [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Holocene or 201.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 192.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 192.9 Ma
Collections (109 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Kyrgyzstan (Tonskiy) | Psococicadellopsis primitiva (105087) | |
| Callovian - Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Paramesopsocus adibi (31311 105426 105970 105971 106101 106102 113439 114238) | |
| Callovian - Oxfordian | China (Liaoning) | Pseudopsocus parvus (154730) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Lebanon | Asphaeropsocites neli, Libanoglaris chehabi, Setoglaris reemae, Paramesopsocus lu, Libanoglaris mouawadi, Libanopsyllipsocus alexanderasnitsyni, Libanomphientomum nudus, Palaeosiamoglaris hammanaensis (122471) Bcharreglaris amunobi (123017) Cretacetrocta libanella (235379) Libaneuphoris jantopi (146535) Libanoglaris randatae (123000) Sphaeropsocites lebanensis, Libanoglaris randatae (122359) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia (Govi-Altai) | Psocoptera indet. (136020) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Spain | Archaeatropos alavensis, Libanoglaris hespericus, Azarpsocus anjana, Burmacompsocus ojancano (109438) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Myanmar (Sagaing) | Palaeosiamoglaris hkamtiensis (215115) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Spain (Teruel) | Psocomorpha indet., Libanoglaris hespericus, Azarpsocus anjana (225779) | |
| Albian | Jordan | Psocodea indet., Troctomorpha indet., Trogiomorpha indet., Bcharreglaris haddadini, Bcharreglaris amooni (124847) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Arcantipsocus courvillei, Proprionoglaris guyoti, Prospeleketor albianensis, Parapsyllipsocus vergereaui, Santonipsocus mimeticus (99114) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Spain (Aragón) | Preempheria antiqua, Archaeatropidae indet., Archaeatropos alavensis (91626) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Spain (Álava) | Empheropsocus arilloi, Empheropsocus margineglabrus, Preempheria antiqua, Archaeatropos alavensis, Manicapsocidus enigmaticus (108769) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Spain (Teruel) | Archaeatropos alavensis (225780) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | France (Charente-Maritime) | Psocoptera indet. (107076) | |
| Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Eolepinotus zherikhini (226224) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Archimenopon myanmarensis (178121) Azarpsocus perreaui, Burmacompsocus pouilloni (189531) Burmacompsocus coniugans (189783) Burmacompsocus perreaui (123055) Burmesopsocus lienhardi (222694) Cormopsocus groehni (172900) Heliadesdakruon morganae (220289) Longiantennum fashengi, Concavapsocus parallelus, Burmempheria densuschaetae, Burmempheria raruschaetae, Longiglabellus pedhyalinus, Longiglabellus edentatus, Latempheria kachinensis, Burmempheria curvatavena (165561) Longiantennum fashengi, Psyllipsocus yangi, Brachyantennum spinosum, Paramanicapsocus xingyuei, Psyllipsocus mili (196491) Psocodea morphotype PI (212006) Psocodea morphotype PI, Psocodea morphotype PII, Psocodea morphotype PIII, Longiantennum fashengi, Burmipachytrocta singularis, Atapinella garroustei, Paraelectrentomopsis chenyangcaii, Palaeomanicapsocus margoae, Palaeomanicapsocus fouadi, Palaeosiamoglaris lienhardi, Palaeosiamoglaris burmica, Palaeosiamoglaris inexpectata, Annulipsyllipsocus andreneli, Annulipsyllipsocus inexspectatus, Paramanicapsocus longiantennatus, Burmempheria densuschaetae, Burmempheria raruschaetae, Psyllipsocus myanmarensis, Cormopsocus neli, Cormopsocus baleoi, Paralellopsocus elongatus (161726) Psocoptera indet., Cretoscelis burmitica (111688) Psyllipsocus banksi, Psylloneura perantiqua (123020) Psyllipsocus mili (173343 234239) Psyllipsocus myanmarensis (179227) Psyllipsocus yoshizawai (205558) Stimulopsocus jiewenae (226881) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France | Psocoptera indet. (123019) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Globopsocus aquilonius, Empherium rasnitsyni (35051) | |
| Turonian | France | Psocodea indet., Mesopsocidae indet., Proprionoglaris axioperierga, Scocompus atelisus, Mesopsocoides dupei (164386) | |
| Turonian | Botswana | Psocoptera indet. (34851) | |
| Turonian | USA (New Jersey) | Jerseyempheria grimaldii (110895) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Russian Federation | Psocomorpha indet. 1, Cretapsocus capillatus (122590) Psocoptera indet. 1, Psocoptera indet. 2, Psocoptera indet. 3, Psocomorpha indet. 2, Psocomorpha indet. 3, Eolepinotus pilosus, Khatangia inclusa, Proamphientomum cretaceum, Archaelachesis granulosa, Cretapsocus capillatus, Empheriopsis vulnerata (35056) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Cretolepinotus tankei (207633) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Myanmar | Lepidopsocidae indet. (195455) | |
| Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Sphaeropsocoides canadensis (122383) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Psocodea sp. (123795) | |
| Ypresian | France (Oise) | Psyllipsocus eocenicus, Thylacella eocenica, Eoempheria intermedia, Eorhyopsocus magnificus, Embidopsocus eocenicus, Tapinella eocenica, Eomanicapsocus melaniae, Amphientomum parisiensis, Eolachesilla eocenica, Archipsocus puber, Eoprotroctopsocus celinea, Liposcelis sp., Parathylacella oisensis, Danyazarius magnificus (123850) | |
| Ypresian | China (Liaoning) | Eopsocites fushunensis, Stenopterites guchengziensis, Stenopterites longus, Fushunopsocus latus (124820) Sinopsyllipsocus fushunensis, Eotriplocania sinica, Paralepinotus fushunensis (125934) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Utah) | Paropsocus disjunctus (121147) | |
| MP 13 | Germany (Eifel) | Megamenopon rasnitsyni (135640) | |
| Priabonian | Ukraine | Archipsocus puber, Trichempheria villosa, Sphaeropsocus kuenowii, Psocidus multiplex (113621) Sphaeropsocus kuenowii (122996) Sphaeropsocus kuenowii, Epipsocus avus (122997) Valenzuela prometheus (122999) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (Isle of Wight) | Wightipsocus acourti, Wightipsocus intasi, Awightipsocus jarzembowskii, Awightipsocus megaloi, Awightipsocus minimus, Wightimicropsocus inexpectatus (157666) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Archipsocus puber, Psocus sparsipennis, Psocus trigonoscenea, Psocus electricus, Psocus picteti, Copostigma affinis, Epipsocus ciliatus, Kolbea ava, Caecilius debilis, Caecilius scenepipedus, Caecilius proavus, Caecilius prometheus, Caecilius klebsi, Caecilius sucinicaptus, Ptenolasia pilosa, Elipsocus abnormis, Philotarsus antiquus, Philotarsus bullicornis, Amphientomum paradoxum, Amphientomum leptolepis, Amphientomum colpolepis, Electrentomum klebsianum, Empheria reticulata, Bebiosis pertinens, Sphaeropsocus kunowi (124073) Archipsocus puber, Psocus trigonoscenea, Psocus picteti, Psocus affinis, Epipsocus ciliatus, Caecilius debilis, Caecilius proavus, Caecilius prometheus, Caecilius pilosus, Elipsocus abnormis, Amphientomum paradoxum, Amphientomum leptolepis, Amphientomum colpolepis, Empheria reticulata, Empheria villosa, Atropos succinica, Sphaeropsocus kuenowii, Atropos succinica (123962) Caecilius debilis (123993) Epipsocus ciliatus, Caecilius debilis, Caecilius proavus, Caecilius prometheus, Amphientomum paradoxum (124088) Parelectrentomum priscum, Electropsocus unguidens (124903) Psocus picteti (124493) Psocus picteti, Caecilius proavus (124494) Psocus trigonoscenea, Psocus picteti, Copostigma affinis, Caecilius proavus, Elipsocus kuhli, Philotarsus antiquus, Amphientomum paradoxum, Palaeotroctes succinicus (123221) Sphaeropsocus kuenowii, Embidopsocus pankowskiorum (124370) | |
| Priabonian | Poland | Psocus picteti, Psocus affinis, Psocus ciliatus, Psocus debilis, Psocus proavus, Psocus tener, Psocus abnormis, Amphientomum paradoxum (109625) | |
| Priabonian | Germany (Halle) | Embidopsocus saxonicus (129227) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Psocus acourti, Wightipsocus intasi, Awightipsocus jarzembowskii, Awightipsocus megaloi, Awightipsocus minimus (123960) Wightipsocus intasi, Awightipsocus megaloi (21976) Wightipsocus intasi, Wightipsocus rossi, Awightipsocus jarzembowskii (123959) | |
| Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Psocoptera indet. (149289) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Ethiopia | Psocoptera indet. (151981 151982) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico | Psyllipsocus sp., Archipsocus sp. 1, Archipsocus sp. 2, Archipsocus sp. 3, Belaphotroctes sp., Myopsocus sp. (21977) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Spain (Castellon) | Mesopsocus sp. (140798) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Amphientomum elongatum, Epipsocus clarus (124470) Amphientomum elongatum, Myopsocidae indet. (124623) Archipsocus antiguus (124472) Archipsocus sp., Archipsocus antiguus (124471) Belaphotroctes similis (124469) Ectopsocus sp. (124473) Liposcelis sp. (124810) Psocomorpha indet. (124474) Psyllipsocus sp. (124467) Trichopsocus maculosus (140313) | |
| Burdigalian | New Zealand (Otago) | Pseudocaeciliidae indet. (191650) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Belaphopsocus dominicus (122982) Myopsocus arthuri (124475 227086) Troctopsocoides gracilis (162585) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Miotroctes rousei (144521) Miotroctes sp. (106431) Trogiidae indet. (138761) | |
| Langhian | China (Fujian) | Belaphotroctes grimaldii (220273) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Colorado) | Phthiraptera indet. (169336) | |
| Holocene | Colombia (Santander) | Brisacia colombiensis, Euplocania sp. (151348) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Amphientomum incultum, Perientomum mortuum, Thylax fimbriatum, Atropos resinata (124495) Liposcelididae indet., Amphientomum knorrei (234540) Thylacella eversiana (140788) |