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Lacertoidea
Taxonomy
Lacertoidea was named by Camp (1923). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Camp (1923), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Pyron et al. (2013).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1946).
It was assigned to Autarchoglossa by Camp (1923); to Kionocrania by Kuhn (1946); to Lepidosauria by Haubold (1974); to Squamata by Evans and Barbadillo (1997); to Scincomorpha by Kuhn (1966), Estes (1983), Borsuk-Bialynicka (1988), Sullivan (1991), Gao and Cheng (1999); to Scleroglossa by Lee and Caldwell (2000); and to Episquamata by Pyron et al. (2013).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Lacertoidea by Kuhn (1946).
It was assigned to Autarchoglossa by Camp (1923); to Kionocrania by Kuhn (1946); to Lepidosauria by Haubold (1974); to Squamata by Evans and Barbadillo (1997); to Scincomorpha by Kuhn (1966), Estes (1983), Borsuk-Bialynicka (1988), Sullivan (1991), Gao and Cheng (1999); to Scleroglossa by Lee and Caldwell (2000); and to Episquamata by Pyron et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1923 | Lacertoidea Camp |
| 1946 | Lacertoidea Kuhn p. 61 |
| 1966 | Lacertoidea Kuhn p. 53 |
| 1974 | Lacertoidea Haubold p. 36 |
| 1983 | Lacertoidea Estes |
| 1988 | Lacertoidea Borsuk-Bialynicka p. 214 |
| 1991 | Lacertoidea Sullivan p. 296 |
| 1997 | Lacertoidea Evans and Barbadillo |
| 1999 | Lacertoidea Gao and Cheng |
| 2000 | Lacertoidea Lee and Caldwell |
| 2013 | Lacertoidea Pyron et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Lacertoidea Camp 1923
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Fm. Lacertidae Bonaparte 1831
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G. Acanthodactylus Wiegmann 1834 [Fringe-fingered lizard]
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Acanthodactylus erythurus Schinz 1833 [Fringe-fingered lizard]
G. †Dormaalisaurus Augé and Smith 2002
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†Dormaalisaurus girardoti Augé and Smith 2002
†Dormaalisaurus rossmanni Augé and Smith 2002
G. Eremias Wiegmann 1834
G. Gallotia Boulenger 1916 [Gallot's lizards]
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Gallotia galloti Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Gallot's lizard]
†Gallotia goliath Mertens 1942
†Gallotia simonyi Steindachner 1889
Subfm. †Gallotiinae Cano et al. 1984
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G. Lacerta Linnaeus 1758
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Lacerta agilis Linneaus 1758 [Sand lizard]
†Lacerta filholi Augé 1988
Lacerta lepida Daudin 1802 [Jewelled lizard]
†Lacerta poncenatensis Müller 1996
Lacerta viridis Laurenti 1768 [European green lizard]
G. †Plesiolacerta Hoffstetter 1942
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†Plesiolacerta eratosthenesi Cernansky and Augé 2013
†Plesiolacerta lydekkeri Hoffstetter 1942
G. Podarcis Wagler 1830 [Wall lizards]
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Podarcis hispanica Steindachner 1870 [Iberian wall lizard]
Podarcis muralis Laurenti 1768 [Common wall lizard]
†Podarcis tiliguerta Gmelin 1789
G. Psammodromus Fitzinger 1826 [Sand lizards]
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Psammodromus algirus Linneaus 1758 [Algerian psammodromus]
Psammodromus hispanicus Fitzinger 1826 [Spanish psammodromus]
G. †Pseudeumeces Hoffstetter 1944
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†Pseudeumeces cadurcensis Filhol 1877
†Pseudeumeces kyrillomethodicus Georgalis et al. 2021
G. Takydromus Daudin 1802 [Grass lizards]
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Takydromus amurensis Peters 1881 [Amur grass lizard]
Takydromus formosanus Boulenger 1920 [Formosa grass lizard]
Takydromus haughtonianus Jerdon 1870 [Goalpora grass lizard]
Takydromus khasiensis Boulenger 1917 [Java grass lizard]
Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh 1909 [Koshun grass lizard]
Takydromus septentrionalis Gunther 1864 [China grass lizard]
Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin 1802 [Asian grass lizard]
Takydromus smaragdinus Boulenger 1887 [Green grass lizard]
Takydromus tachydromoides Schlegel 1838 [Japanese grass lizard]
Takydromus wolteri Fischer 1885 [Mountain grass lizard]
G. Tropidosaura Fitzinger 1826 [Mountain lizards]
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Tropidosaura montana Gray 1831 [Green-striped mountain lizard]
Invalid names: Parasauromalus paleocenicus Kuhn 1940 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Lacertiformes Estes et al. 1988
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Fm. †Eolacertidae Čerňanský and Smith 2017
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G. †Pachygenys Gao and Cheng 1999
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†Pachygenys adachii Ikeda et al. 2015
†Pachygenys thlastesa Gao and Cheng 1999
G. †Rhynchosauroides Maidwell 1911
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†Rhynchosauroides articeps Owen 1842
†Rhynchosauroides beasleyi Nopcsa 1923
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Invalid names: Rhynchosauroides maidwelli Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
†Rhynchosauroides bornemanni Haubold 1966
†Rhynchosauroides brevidigitatus Ptaszynski 1990
†Rhynchosauroides gangresci da Silva et al. 2012
†Rhynchosauroides hyperbates Baird 1957
†Rhynchosauroides kuletae Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Rhynchosauroides majus Demathieu 1967
†Rhynchosauroides maximus Gand 1974
†Rhynchosauroides minutipes Maidwell 1914
†Rhynchosauroides pallinii Conti et al. 1977
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Invalid names: Ganasauripus ladinus Valentini et al. 2007 [synonym], Phalangichnus perwangeri Conti et al. 1977 [synonym], Rhynchosauroides palmatus Lull 1942 [synonym], Rhynchosauroides schochardti von Lilienstern 1939 [synonym]
†Rhynchosauroides petri Demathieu 1966
†Rhynchosauroides pusillus Haubold 1966
†Rhynchosauroides rdzaneki Ptaszynski 2000
†Rhynchosauroides rectipes Beasley 1911
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Invalid names: Rhynchosauroides membranipes Maidwell 1911 [synonym]
†Rhynchosauroides retroversipes da Silva et al. 2008
†Rhynchosauroides santanderensis Demathieu and Saiz de Omeñaca 1977
†Rhynchosauroides sphaerodactylus Demathieu 1971
†Rhynchosauroides tirolicus Abel 1926
†Rhynchosauroides triangulus Gand 1977
†Rhynchosauroides virgiliae Demathieu et al. 1978
Invalid names: Akropus Lilienstern 1939 [synonym], Eurichnus Lull 1942 [synonym], Ganasauripus Valentini et al. 2007 [synonym], Rhynchocephalichnus Huene 1941 [synonym]
Unr. Teiioidea Estes et al. 1988
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Fm. †Barbatteiidae Codrea et al. 2017
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Fm. Gymnophthalmidae Merrem 1820
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G. Arthrosaura Boulenger 1885 [arthrosauras]
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Arthrosaura reticulata O'Shaughnessy 1891 [Yellowbelly arthrosaura]
G. Bachia Gray 1845 [bachias]
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Bachia bicolor Cope 1896 [Two-coloured bachia]
Bachia bresslaui Amaral 1935 [Bresslau's bachia]
Bachia heteropa Lichtenstein 1856 [La Guaira bachia]
G. Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 [microteiids]
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Calyptommatus liolepis Rodrigues 1991 [Greater microteiid]
Calyptommatus nicterus Rodrigues 1991 [Rodrigues' microteiid]
Calyptommatus sinebrachiatus Rodrigues 1991 [Lesser microteiid]
Subfm. Cercosaurinae Gray 1838
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G. Gymnophthalmus Merrem 1820 [microteiids]
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Gymnophthalmus speciosus Hallowell 1861 [Golden spectacled tegu]
G. †Oreosaurus Peters 1862
Fm. Teiidae Gray 1827
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G. Alopoglossus Boulenger 1885 [Northern teiids]
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Alopoglossus atriventris Duellman 1973 [Duellman's teiid]
Alopoglossus festae Peracca 1904 [Peracca's teiid]
G. Amapasaurus Cunha 1970 [Four-toed amapsaurus]
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Amapasaurus tetradactylus Cunha 1970 [Four-toed amapsaurus]
G. Colobosaura Boulenger 1887 [colobosauras]
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Colobosaura modesta Reinhardt and Lutken 1862 [Bahia colobosaura]
G. Colobosauroides de Cunha et al. 1991 [Cunha's teiids]
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Colobosauroides caerensis de Cunha et al. 1991 [Cunha's teiid]
G. †Conicodontosaurus Gilmore 1943
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†Conicodontosaurus djadochtaensis Gilmore 1943
†Conicodontosaurus kanhsienensis Young 1973
G. Crocodilurus Daudin 1802 [Crocodile tegus]
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Crocodilurus lacertinus Daudin 1802 [Crocodile tegus]
G. Dracaena Daudin 1802 [caiman lizard]
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Dracaena guianensis Daudin 1802 [Guyana caiman lizard]
Dracaena paraguayensis Amaral 1950 [Paraguay caiman lizard]
G. †Meyasaurus Vidal 1915
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†Meyasaurus crusafonti Hoffstetter 1966
†Meyasaurus diazromerali Evans and Barbadillo 1997
†Meyasaurus faurai Vidal 1915
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Invalid names: Rubiessaurus lapicidinarum Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
†Meyasaurus unaensis Richter 1994
Invalid names: Ilerdaesaurus Hoffstetter 1966 [synonym], Rubiessaurus Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
G. Pantodactylus Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Many-fingered teiids]
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Pantodactylus quadrilineatus Boetteger 1876 [Lined many-fingered teiid]
Pantodactylus schreibersii Wiegmann 1834 [Schreiber's many-fingered teiid]
G. Proctoporus Tschudi 1845 [Lightbulb lizards]
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Proctoporus guentheri Boetteger 1891 [Gunther's lightbulb lizard]
Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi 1845 [Tschudi's lightbulb lizard]
Subfm. †Teiinae
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Tr. Teiini Presch 1974
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G. Ameiva Meyer 1795 [whiptail lizard]
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Ameiva alboguttata Boulenger 1896 [Common Puerto Rican ameiva]
Ameiva ameiva Linneaus 1758 [Giant ameiva]
Ameiva atrata Garman 1887 [Redonda groundlizard]
Ameiva atrigularis Garman 1887 [Venezuelan ameiva]
Ameiva auberi Cocteau 1838 [Cuban groundlizard]
Ameiva bifrontata Cope 1862 [Khaki ameiva]
Ameiva chrysolaema Cope 1868 [Common ameiva]
Ameiva cineracea Barbour and Noble 1915 [Guadeloupean groundlizard]
Ameiva concolor Ruthven 1924
Ameiva corax Censky and Paulson 1992 [Little scrub groundlizard]
Ameiva corvina Cope 1861 [Sombrero groundlizard]
Ameiva dorsalis Gray 1838 [Jamaican groundlizard]
Ameiva erythrocephala Shaw 1802 [Red-faced groundlizard]
Ameiva exsul Cope 1862 [Puerto Rican giant groundlizard]
Ameiva fuscata Garman 1887 [Dominica groundlizard]
Ameiva griswoldi Barbour 1916 [Griwald's ameiva]
Ameiva lineolata Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Pygmy blue-tailed groundlizard]
Ameiva major Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Guadeloupean giant groundlizard]
Ameiva maynardi Garman 1888 [Great Inagua ameiva]
Ameiva parecis Colli et al. 2003 [calango]
Ameiva plei Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Anguilla bank groundlizard]
Ameiva pluvianotata Garman 1887 [Montserrat groundlizard]
Ameiva polops Cope 1862 [St Croix ameiva]
Ameiva praesignis Baird and Girard 1852 [Giant ameiva]
Ameiva provitaae Garcia-Perez 1995 [Mato trompa roja]
Ameiva taeniura Cope 1862 [Hispaniolan blue-tailed groundlizard]
Ameiva wetmorei Stejneger 1913 [Puerto Rican blue-tailed groundlizard]
G. Cnemidophorus Wagler 1830 [whiptail lizard]
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Cnemidophorus alpinus Maslin and Walker 1965 [Alpine whiptail]
Cnemidophorus angusticeps Cope 1878 [Yucatan whiptail]
Cnemidophorus arubensis Lidth de Jeude 1887 [Aruba whiptail]
Cnemidophorus bacatus Van Denburgh and Slevin 1921 [San Pedro Nolasco whiptail]
Cnemidophorus burti Taylor 1938 [Canyon spotted whiptail]
Cnemidophorus calidipes Duellman 1951 [Rio Tepalcatepic Valley whiptail]
Cnemidophorus longicaudus Bell 1843 [Longtail whiptail]
Cnemidophorus ocellifer Spix 1825 [Spix's whiptail]
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Linnaeus 1766 [six-lined racerunner]
G. Dicrodon Duméril and Bibron 1839
Invalid names: Alethesaurus quadratus Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum], Callopistinae Harvey et al. 2012 [empty], Iguanavus exilis Marsh 1872 [nomen dubium], Iguanavus teres Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium], Lanceosaurus compressus Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum], Lanceosaurus hatcheri Gilmore 1928 [nomen vanum]
Invalid names: Macroteiida Conrad 2008 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Holocene or 259.51000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 251.902 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 251.902 Ma
Collections (567 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lopingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Rhynchosauroides pallinii, Ganasauripus ladinus, Eumekichnium gampsodactylum, Ornithoidipus perwangeri (188750) | |
| Lopingian | Brazil (Paraná) | Rhynchosauroides gangresci (197299) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Olenekian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (53684) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Free State) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (144333) | |
| Induan | South Africa | Rhynchosauroides sp. (224583) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (199897 199898 199900) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Rhynchosauroides beasleyi (164930) Rhynchosauroides pisanus (184047) Rhynchosauroides sp. (184048 197338) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | Rhynchosauroides kuletae (197230 197231) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic - Middle Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Rhynchosauroides rectipes (197340) | |
| Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (197335) | |
| Smithian | USA (Utah) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (135440) | |
| Olenekian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (149976) | |
| Smithian - Spathian | USA (Utah) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (222906) | |
| Olenekian - Anisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Akropus langi, Akropus schochardti (182300) | |
| Olenekian - Anisian | United Kingdom (Staffordshire) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (197356) | |
| Spathian | USA (Wyoming) | Collettosaurus palmatus, Eurichnus jenseni (135638) Rhynchosauroides sp. (135634 135635 135636 135637) | |
| Spathian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Rhynchosauroides rdzaneki, Rhynchosauroides brevidigitatus (118063) | |
| Spathian | USA (Arizona) | Lacertoides indet. (135412) | |
| Aegean | France (Moselle) | Rhynchosauroides petri (206499) | |
| Aegean | Spain (Castellón) | Rhynchosauroides sp. (199857) | |