PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Biradiolites

Bivalvia - Hippuritida - Radiolitidae

Taxonomy

Biradiolites was named by d'Orbigny (1850) [Sepkoski's age data: K Turo-l K Maes-u Sepkoski's reference number: 968]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Hippuritoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Radiolitidae by Vokes (1980), Skelton (2013).

Species

B. angulosus, B. ara, B. fissicostatus, B. lameracensis (syn. B. orbigny, Radiolites similivalvis), B. lumbricalis, B. martelli, B. osensis, B. rotundatus, B. zucchii

Species lacking formal opinion data

B. acuticostatus, B. adherens, B. aguilerae, B. anatolica, B. anguloissimus, B. angulosissimus, B. aquitanicus, B. barretti, B. baylei, B. beaussetensis, B. boldjuanensis, B. bournoni, B. bulgaricus, B. canaliculatus, B. cancellatus, B. cardenasensis, B. carezi, B. chaperi, B. collsensis, B. cubensis, B. finicostatus, B. fissiocostatus, B. forbesi, B. fssicostatus, B. haperi, B. ibericus, B. ingens, B. jamaicaensis, B. leychertensis, B. lumbricoides, B. macgillavryi, B. mauldei, B. mengaudi, B. minhoensis, B. moroi, B. novaterrensis, B. orbignyi, B. parva, B. posae, B. praefissicostatus, B. praeingens, B. quadratus, B. radix, B. riograndensis, B. robinsoni, B. royanus, B. rudis, B. rudissimus, B. sellesi, B. similivalvis, B. solutus, B. stoppani, B. stoppanianus, B. subcancellatus, B. tschoppi, B. valbei, B. wiontzeki, B. zumoffeni

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1850	Biradiolites d'Orbigny
1980	Biradiolites Vokes p. 254
2002	Biradiolites Sepkoski
2013	Biradiolites Skelton

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Hippuritida	()
suborder	Radiolitidina
superfamily	Radiolitoidea	Gray 1848
family	Radiolitidae	Gray 1848
genus	Biradiolites	d'Orbigny 1850

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Biradiolites d'Orbigny 1850

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†Biradiolites angulosus d'Orbigny 1850

†Biradiolites ara Pons 1977

†Biradiolites fissicostatus d'Orbigny 1847

†Biradiolites lameracensis Toucas 1909

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Invalid names: Biradiolites orbigny Toucas 1940 [synonym], Radiolites similivalvis Astre 1932 [synonym]

†Biradiolites lumbricalis d'Orbigny 1910

†Biradiolites martelli Parona 1911

†Biradiolites osensis Vidal 1878

†Biradiolites rotundatus Plenicar 1982

†Biradiolites zucchii Caffau and Plenicar 1990

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitef

Composition 2:

aragonitef

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2007-11-27 10:22:47

Modified:

2007-11-27 12:22:47

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Kiessling 2003, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Middle Cenomanian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 100.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (192 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy (Campania)	B. sp. (84801)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy (Sicily)	B. sp. (163157)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Egypt	B. zumoffeni (151604 151605)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Egypt	B. zumoffeni (151581 184767)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Afghanistan	B. lumbricalis (74217)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Türkiye (Antalya)	B. angulosus (161424)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	France	B. lumbricalis (74225) B. quadratus, B. angulosus (74223) B. sp. (74201)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Bulgaria	B. sp. (67563)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	France	B. lumbricalis (74222)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Croatia	B. angulosus (84770)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Italy	B. sp. (1346 74623)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mexico	B. sp. (38869 38870)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Bulgaria	B. ingens (1332)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Cuba	B. aquitanicus, B. lumbricoides, B. acuticostatus, B. cubensis, B. adherens, B. macgillavryi, B. tschoppi, B. lameracensis (73287)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain	B. aquitanicus, B. baylei, B. chaperi, B. collsensis, B. posae, B. royanus, B. similivalvis, B. ara, B. lameracensis, B. osensis (1317)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	North Atlantic	B. rudissimus, B. jamaicaensis, B. minhoensis, B. novaterrensis, B. subcancellatus, B. cancellatus, B. aguilerae, B. rudis, B. cubensis, B. barretti, B. tschoppi, B. macgillavryi, B. forbesi, B. riograndensis (1374)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Oman	B. aquitanicus, B. sp. (1381)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Netherlands	B. royanus (1326)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Montenegro	B. lumbricoides (74562)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Jamaica (St. James)	B. rudissimus (162540)