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Polypodiales
Taxonomy
Polypodiales was named by Link (1833). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by I (2016).
It was assigned to Pteridophyta by Link (1833); to Filicopsida by Cladera et al. (2007); to Polypodiopsida by Jud (2011), Wen et al. (2013) and Iglesias (2016); and to Polypodiidae by I (2016).
It was assigned to Pteridophyta by Link (1833); to Filicopsida by Cladera et al. (2007); to Polypodiopsida by Jud (2011), Wen et al. (2013) and Iglesias (2016); and to Polypodiidae by I (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1833 | Polypodiales Link p. 5 |
| 2007 | Polypodiales Cladera et al. |
| 2011 | Polypodiales Jud |
| 2013 | Polypodiales Wen et al. |
| 2016 | Polypodiales I |
| 2016 | Polypodiales Iglesias p. 360 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Polypodiales Link 1833
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Subor. †Aspleniineae Schneid and Rothf
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Fm. Aspleniaceae Newman 1840 [spleenwort]
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G. Asplenium Linnaeus 1753
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†Asplenium albertum Dawson 1885
†Asplenium cecilensis Berry 1911
†Asplenium coloradense Knowlton 1917
†Asplenium crossii Knowlton 1898
†Asplenium dicksonianum Heer 1874
†Asplenium dubium Fontaine 1889
†Asplenium eolignitica Berry 1916
†Asplenium foersteri Debey and Ettingshausen 1859
†Asplenium haguei Knowlton 1899
†Asplenium hurleyensis Berry 1916
†Asplenium iddingsi Knowlton 1899
†Asplenium issiacense Fritel 1910
†Asplenium jerseyensis Berry 1911
†Asplenium magnum Knowlton 1899
†Asplenium martinianum Dawson 1885
†Asplenium neomexicanum Knowlton 1916
†Asplenium niobrara Dawson 1882
†Asplenium primero Knowlton 1917
†Asplenium raritanense Berry 1909
†Asplenium remotidens Knowlton 1899
†Asplenium subcretaceum Saporta 1868
†Asplenium tenellum Knowlton 1900
†Asplenium wyomingense Knowlton 1900
G. Cystocarpium Fraser-Jenkins 2008
Fm. Onocleaceae Pichi-Sermolli 1970
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G. Onoclea Linnaeus 1753
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†Onoclea fecunda Lesquereux 1872
†Onoclea hesperia Hickey 1977
†Onoclea inquirenda Hollick 1904
†Onoclea minima Knowlton 1899
†Onoclea neomexicana Knowlton 1916
Onoclea sensibilis Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Thelypteridaceae Pichi-Sermolli 1970
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Subfm. Phegopteridoideae Salino et al. 2016
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G. Phegopteris Fée 1852
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†Phegopteris grothiana Heer 1883
†Phegopteris guyottii Lesquereux 1883
†Phegopteris praecuspidata Gardner and Ettingshausen 1879
Subor. Dennstaedtiineae Schwartsb and Hovenkamp 2016
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Fm. Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy 1909
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G. †Dennastra McIver and Basinger 1993
G. Dennstaedtia Bernhardi 1800
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†Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton 1910
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Invalid names: Asplenium tenerum Lesquereux 1883 [synonym], Sphenopteris blomstrandi Heer 1868 [synonym]
†Dennstaedtia concava Bolchovitina 1956
†Dennstaedtia fremonti Hall 1843
†Dennstaedtia rajmahalensis Sharma 1975
†Dennstaedtia sorimarginata McIver and Basinger 1993
G. Histiopteris Smith 1875
G. Microlepia Presl 1836
G. †Microlepiopsis Serbet and Rothwell 2003
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†Microlepiopsis aulenbackii Serbet and Rothwell 2003
†Microlepiopsis bramanii Serbet and Rothwell 2003
G. Pteridium Gleditsch and Scopoli 1760
Subor. Lindsaeineae Lehtonen and Tuomisto 2016
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Subor. Polypodiineae Dumort 1829
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Fm. Davalliaceae Schomb 1848
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G. Davallia Smith 1793
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†Davallia montana Knowlton 1899
†Davallia walkeri Conran et al. 2010
Invalid names: Humata Cavanilles 1802 [synonym]
Fm. Dryopteridaceae Herter 1949
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G. Athyrium Roth 1800
G. †Ctenis Lindley and Hutton 1834
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†Ctenis auriculata Fontaine 1896
†Ctenis clarnoensis Erdei and Manchester 2015
†Ctenis falcata Lindley and Hutton 1834
†Ctenis grandifolia Fontaine 1896
†Ctenis imbricata Fontaine 1889
†Ctenis imjhiriensis Bose and Zeba-Bano 1979
†Ctenis orovillensis Fontaine 1896
†Ctenis sulcicaulis Phillips 1829
†Ctenis wardii Fontaine 1896
Subfm. Dryopteridoideae Link 1841
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G. Dryopteris Adanson 1763
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†Dryopteris arguta Lesquereux 1868
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Invalid names: Aspidium lakesii Lesquereux 1878 [synonym], Sphenopteris membranacea Lesquereux 1873 [synonym]
†Dryopteris civica Dawson 1896
†Dryopteris cladophleboides Knowlton 1918
†Dryopteris coloradensis Knowlton 1917
†Dryopteris gleichenoides Knowlton 1901
†Dryopteris indica Sharma 1971
†Dryopteris kennerlyi Newberry 1863
†Dryopteris kootaniensis Knowlton 1907
†Dryopteris lakesii Knowlton 1930
†Dryopteris lloydii Knowlton 1915
†Dryopteris meeteetseana Brown 1962
†Dryopteris montanensis Fontaine 1892
†Dryopteris nigricans Lesquereux 1873
†Dryopteris polypodioides Ettingshausen 1873
†Dryopteris scansa Cockerell 1908
†Dryopteris serrata Brown 1962
†Dryopteris seymouriensis Dusén 1908
†Dryopteris weedii Knowlton 1899
†Dryopteris xantholithensis Knowlton 1899
G. Nephrodium Smith 1841
G. †Olfersites Guembel 1859
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†Olfersites dichotomus Guembel 1859
Invalid names: Schizeites Guembel 1859 [replaced]
Invalid names: Elaphoglossoideae Pichi-Sermolli 1975 [empty], Polybotryoideae Liu and Zhang 2016 [empty]
Fm. Oleandraceae Pichi-Sermolli 1965
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Invalid names: Lomariopsidaceae Alston 1956 [empty]
G. †Polypodiisporites Potonié 1931
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†Polypodiisporites echinatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Polypodiisporites favus Potonie 1956
†Polypodiisporites impariter Potonié and Sah 1960
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Invalid names: Polypodiaceaesporites tuberculensis Baksi 1962 [synonym]
†Polypodiisporites inangahuensis Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
†Polypodiisporites ipsviciensis Playford and Dettmann 1965
†Polypodiisporites irregularis Pocknal and Mildenhall 1984
†Polypodiisporites mawkmaensis Dutta and Sah 1970
†Polypodiisporites minimus Khan and Martin 1971
†Polypodiisporites oligocenicus Sah and Dutta 1968
†Polypodiisporites pachyexinatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Polypodiisporites radiatus Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
†Polypodiisporites rajasthanensis Srivastava 1966
†Polypodiisporites speciosus Sah and Dutta 1968
Subor. Pteridineae Prado and Schuettp 2016
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Fm. Pteridaceae Reichenbach
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G. †Contignisporites Dettmann 1963
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†Contignisporites burgeri Filatoff and Price 1988
†Contignisporites burgerii Filatoff and Price 1988
†Contignisporites cooksonae Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites cooksoniae Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites cooksonii Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites crenatus Varma and Ramanujam 1984
†Contignisporites dettmannii Singh and Kumar 1966
†Contignisporites fornicatus Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites glebulentus Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites kutchensis Venkatachala et al. 1968
†Contignisporites medeae Filatoff and Price 1988
†Contignisporites multimuratus Dettmann 1963
†Contignisporites psilatus Singh and Kumar 1966
†Contignisporites triletus Venkatachala et al. 1968
G. Eriosorus Fée 1852
Subfm. Pteridoideae Link 1841
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G. Pteris Linnaeus 1753
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†Pteris affinis Lesquereux 1873
†Pteris bournensis Gardner and Ettingshausen 1879
†Pteris dakotensis Lesquereux 1891
†Pteris elegans Newberry 1882
†Pteris eocenica Gardner and Ettingshausen 1879
†Pteris erosa Lesquereux 1878
†Pteris glossopteroides Dawson 1882
†Pteris hookeri Heer 1863
†Pteris inquirenda Berry 1918
†Pteris linearis Knowlton 1918
Pteris mertensioides Willdenow 1810
†Pteris pseudopinnaeformis Lesquereux 1878
†Pteris russellii Newberry 1882
†Pteris sitkensis Heer 1869
Pteris stenophylla Wallich 1829
G. †Pterisisporites Sung and Zheng
Subfm. Vittarioideae Link 1841
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G. Adiantum Linnaeus 1753
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†Adiantum anastomosum Brown 1940
†Adiantum apalophyllum Gardner and Ettingshausen 1880
†Adiantum montanensis Knowlton 1907
Adiantum peruvianum Klotzsch 1844
Subor. Saccolomatineae Hovenkamp 2016
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G. †Saportaea Fontaine and White 1880
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†Saportaea dichotoma Frenguelli 1942
†Saportaea salisburioides Fontaine and White 1880
Invalid names: Drynariaceae Ching 1978 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Carboniferous to the top of the Holocene or 358.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 298.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 298.9 Ma
Collections (607 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carboniferous | Canada (New Brunswick) | Saportaea dispar (12426 12721) | |
| Autunian | Israel | Polypodiisporites mutabilis (31561 31562 31563 31568) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Saportaea sp. (11149) | |
| Capitanian - Wuchiapingian | China (Hebei) | Saportaea sp. 1 (29860) | |
| Ladinian - Carnian | Tajikistan | Asplenium sp. 1 (30902) | |
| Carnian | Russian Federation | Adiantopteris sp. 1 (30416 30818) | |
| Carnian | Austria | Ctenis lunzensis, Ctenis angustior (24683) | |
| Carnian | China (Hunan) | Ctenis sp. 1 (29638) | |
| Carnian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Ctenis sp. (23002) | |
| Carnian | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Ctenis sp. 1 (30209) | |
| Carnian | Ukraine | Ctenis sp. 1 (30953) | |
| Carnian | Chile | Saportaea dichotoma (201288) | |
| Carnian | China (Fujian) | Ctenis sp. 1 (29781) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Saportaea sp. (23003) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Greenland | Ctenis minuta (23464 23479) Ctenis minuta, Ctenis nilssoni (23467 23939) Ctenis nilssoni (23380 23461 23934) | |
| Carnian - Rhaetian | South Korea | Ctenis sp. 1 (30264 30265) | |
| Carnian - Rhaetian | China (Guangdong) | Ctenis sp. 1 (29892) | |
| Norian | China (Hunan) | Ctenis sp. 1 (29636) | |
| Norian | China (Xizang) | Ctenis sp. 1 (30064) | |
| Norian | China (Jilin) | Ctenis sp. 1, Ctenis sp. 2, Ctenis sp. 3 (29715) | |