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Chainosauria
Taxonomy
Chainosauria was named by Nopcsa (1923). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the unranked clade Chainosauria by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Angielczyk et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Theromorpha by Nopcsa (1923); and to Anomodontia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Angielczyk et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Chainosauria by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Angielczyk et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Theromorpha by Nopcsa (1923); and to Anomodontia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Angielczyk et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1923 | Chainosauria Nopcsa |
| 2009 | Chainosauria Kammerer and Angielczyk |
| 2010 | Chainosauria Angielczyk and Rubidge |
| 2011 | Chainosauria Fröbisch and Reisz |
| 2016 | Chainosauria Angielczyk et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Chainosauria Nopcsa 1923
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | The fact that neither Galepus nor Galechirus has been included in past phylogenetic analyses makes it difficult to identify autapomorphies of Chainosauria. Therefore, we use the synapomorphies presented by Modesto et al. (1999), Modesto & Rybczynski (2000), Rybczynski (2000), Modesto et al. (2003a), and Angielczyk (2004) for Galeops + Dicynodontia in their analyses as an approximate diagnosis of Chainosauria, although some of these features are almost certainly not diagnostic for the group as a whole (e.g., the presence of an edentulous beak). The most consistently cited autapomorphies are: (1) edentulous beak formed by the premaxilla and dentary present; (2) septomaxillary posterodorsal spur inconspicuous and nasal-maxilla suture well developed; (3) postorbital-squamosal contact present ventrally, with squamosal extending anteriorly beyond postorbital bar; (4) nasal boss present. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wordian to the top of the Capitanian or 266.90000 to 259.51000 Ma
Collections (6 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wordian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Patranomodon hyaphulii (75451) | |
| Wordian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Patranomodon nyaphulii (221401) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Galechirus scholtzi (85515) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Galeops whaitsi (31777) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa | Galepus jouberti (221402) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Galeops sp. (188979) |