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Esocidae
Taxonomy
Esoces was named by Cuvier (1817). It is extant.
It was synonymized subjectively with Luciidae by Hay (1902); it was corrected as Esocidae by Woodward (1901), Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963), Wilson (1967), Shoshani et al. (1989), Constantin (1999), Peng et al. (2001), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Woodward (1901); to Haplomi by Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963); to Osteichthyes by Wilson (1967); to Clupeiformes by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Esocoidea by Constantin (1999), Peng et al. (2001); and to Esociformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was synonymized subjectively with Luciidae by Hay (1902); it was corrected as Esocidae by Woodward (1901), Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963), Wilson (1967), Shoshani et al. (1989), Constantin (1999), Peng et al. (2001), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Woodward (1901); to Haplomi by Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963); to Osteichthyes by Wilson (1967); to Clupeiformes by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Esocoidea by Constantin (1999), Peng et al. (2001); and to Esociformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1901 | Esocidae Woodward p. 287 |
| 1946 | Esocidae Rapp p. 512 |
| 1963 | Esocidae Jordan p. 656 |
| 1967 | Esocidae Wilson p. 201 |
| 1989 | Esocidae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
| 1999 | Esocidae Constantin |
| 2001 | Esocidae Peng et al. p. 16 |
| 2013 | Esocidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Esocidae Nelson et al. p. 249 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Esocidae Cuvier 1817
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G. Esox Linnaeus 1758 [pike]
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†Esox lepidotus Agassiz 1832
Esox masquinongy Mitchill 1824
†Esox moldavicus Trelea 1977
†Esox monasteriensis von der Marck 1863
†Esox otto Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Kenoza Grande 1999 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Holocene or 85.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Collections (116 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (227222) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (14425 14428 190344 190345) | |
| Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (227223 227224) | |
| Judithian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (14463) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Utah) | Estesesox sp., Estesesox foxi (75836) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Germany | Esox monasteriensis (221717) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (22697 34302 34305 34309 34315 34320 34322 45238 45671 45674 45822 45892 45893 45897 45898 47784 47793 47812 67893 67894) Estesesox foxi, Nunikuluk gracilis (34307) Nunikuluk gracilis (146196) Oldmanesox sp. (98674 98677) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Alaska) | Oldmanesox canadensis (240913) Oldmanesox canadensis, Archaeosiilik gilmulli (14495) Oldmanesox canadensis, Archaeosiilik gilmulli, Nunikuluk gracilis (231243 231244) | |
| Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (45560 45561 45564 45565 45566 45567 45670 45820) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Esocidae indet. (14494) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox foxi (45819 45821 45894) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox sp. (135741) Oldmanesox sp. (135743) | |
| Lancian | Canada (Alberta) | Estesesox sp. (14631) | |
| Lancian | USA (Montana) | Estesesox foxi (14508 14549 14582 14615) Estesesox sp. (144499 144500 144502 192242 192247) Estesesox sp., Estesesox foxi (14568) | |
| Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Estesesox sp. (14519) Platacodon nanus (14566) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Estesesox foxi (227221) | |
| Paleocene | Canada (Alberta) | Esox tiemani (24926) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | Canada (Alberta) | Esox tiemani (133214) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | Canada (Northwest Territory) | Esocidae indet. (190390) | |
| Wasatchian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Esox sp. (15583) | |
| Duchesnean | USA (Utah) | Esocidae indet. (16877) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Esox kronneri (133992) | |
| MP 21 | Czechia | Esox waltschanus (184466) | |
| MP 23 | Switzerland (Canton Jura) | Esox sp. (183544) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan (Aktyubinsk) | Esox aralensis (175920) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (North Rhine-Westfalia) | Esox papyraceus (84606) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Greece (Aegean) | Esocidae indet. (207609) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Esox sp. (18284) | |
| MN 5 | Austria | Esox sp. (174067) | |
| Tortonian | Moldova | Esox sp. (152254) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye (Yalova) | Esox sp. (184470) | |
| Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Esocidae indet. (34256) Esox sp. (206345) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Canada (Yukon) | Esox sp. (206138) | |
| Turolian | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Esox sp. (174455) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Moldova | Esox sp. (198590) | |
| Pliocene | Ukraine | Esox lucius (76503) | |
| Pliocene | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Esox sp. (39409) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) | Esox lucius (199747) | |
| Villafranchian | Slovakia | Esox sp. (41026) | |
| Villafranchian | Hungary (Fejer) | Esox lucius (35374) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Esox lucius (49993 49994 49995 49996 49997) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Esox sp. (227368) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Czechia | Esox lucius (36219) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Esox lucius (58421 78010 78015) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Norfolk) | Esox lucius (49816) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Turkmenistan | Esox sp. (40695) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary (Budapest) | Esox lucius (35474) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom | Esox lucius (34981) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Michigan) | Esox sp. (70130) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Illinois) | Esox sp. (93209) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Esox lucius (63150) Esox masquinongy (200325) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Esox americanus (103991) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Esox lucius (228921) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation | Esox lucius (171637) | |
| Holocene | USA (Georgia) | Esox sp. (152113) | |
| Holocene | Estonia | Esox lucius (195026) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Esox sp. (227371) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Esox masquinongy (224189) |