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Osteostracomorphi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2011Osteostracomorphi Long p. 241
2016Osteostracomorphi Nelson et al. p. 32
2019Osteostracomorphi van der Laan p. 20

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassOsteostracomorphi
superclassOsteostracomorphi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Supercl. †Osteostracomorphi
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Cl. †Cephalaspidomorphi Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971
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Or. †Atelaspidiformes Tarlo 1967
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G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899
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Invalid names: Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym], Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cephalaspidida Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971 [empty], Galeaspidiformes [empty], Monorhina [synonym]
Cl. †Galeaspidomorphi van der Laan 2019
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Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980
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G. †Anjiaspis Gai and Zhu 2005
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†Anjiaspis ericius Shan et al. 2022
†Anjiaspis reticularis Gai and Zhu 2005
Fm. †Eugaleaspididae Liu 1980
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G. †Dunyu Zhu et al. 2012
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†Dunyu longiforus Zhu et al. 2012
†Dunyu tianlu Li et al. 2024
†Dunyu xiushanensis Zhu et al. 2012
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Invalid names: Eugaleaspis xiushanenis Liu 1983 [replaced]
G. †Nochelaspis Zhu 1992
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G. †Pterogonaspis Zhu 1992
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G. †Tridensaspis Liu 1986
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G. †Yunnanogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
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†Yunnanogaleaspis major Pan and Wang 1980
G. †Meishanaspis Wang 1991
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†Meishanaspis lehmani Wang 1991
G. †Shuyu Gai et al. 2011
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†Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al. 2011
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Invalid names: Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis Pan 1986 [replaced]
Fm. †Shuyuidae Shan 2020
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G. †Jiangxialepis Liu et al. 2021
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†Jiangxialepis jiujiangensis Shan et al. 2023
†Jiangxialepis retrospina Liu et al. 2021
†Jiangxialepis rongi Liu et al. 2023
G. †Qingshuiaspis Shan et al. 2022
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†Qingshuiaspis junqingi Shan et al. 2022
G. †Rumporostralis Shan et al. 2020
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†Rumporostralis shipanensis Shan et al. 2020
†Rumporostralis xikengensis Shan et al. 2020
G. †Sinogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
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†Sinogaleaspis shankouensis Pan and Wang 1980
†Sinogaleaspis xikengensis Pan and Wang 1980
Fm. †Tridensaspidae Liu 1986
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G. †Falxcornus Meng and Gai 2022
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†Falxcornus liui Meng and Gai 2022
Fm. †Tujiaaspidae Chen et al. 2024
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G. †Miaojiaaspis Chen et al. 2024
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†Miaojiaaspis dichotomus Chen et al. 2024
G. †Tujiaaspis Gai et al. 2022
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†Tujiaaspis vividus Gai et al. 2022
G. †Xitunaspis Sun et al. 2022
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†Xitunaspis magnus Sun et al. 2022
Fm. †Yongdongaspididae Chen et al. 2022
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G. †Yongdongaspis Chen et al. 2022
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†Yongdongaspis littoralis Chen et al. 2022
Invalid names: Sinogaleaspididae Pan and Wang 1980 [empty]
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Fm. †Dayongaspididae Pan and Zeng 1985
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G. †Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng 1985
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†Dayongaspis colubra Zhang et al. 2024
†Dayongaspis hunanensis Pan and Zeng 1985
G. †Platycaraspis Wang et al. 2002
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†Platycaraspis tianshanensis Wang et al. 2002
Fm. †Hanyangaspididae Pan and Liu 1975
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G. †Hanyangaspis Pan and Liu 1975
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†Hanyangaspis chaohuensis Wang et al. 1980
†Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis Pan and Liu 1975
G. †Hongshanaspis Liu et al. 2021
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†Hongshanaspis inexpectatus Liu et al. 2021
G. †Kalpinolepis Wang et al. 1996
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†Kalpinolepis tarimensis Wang et al. 1996
G. †Konoceraspis Pan 1992
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G. †Nanjiangaspis Wang et al. 2002
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†Nanjiangaspis kalpinensis Wang et al. 2002
Fm. †Xiushuiaspididae Pan and Wang 1983
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G. †Changxingaspis Wang 1991
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†Changxingaspis gui Wang 1991
†Changxingaspis nianzhongi Li et al. 2024
G. †Xiushuiaspis Pan and Wang 1983
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†Xiushuiaspis ganbeiensis Pan and Wang 1983
†Xiushuiaspis jiangxiensis Pan and Wang 1983
G. †Xiyuichthys Shan et al. 2023
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†Xiyuichthys lixiensis Shan et al. 2023
†Xiyuichthys zhangi Shan et al. 2023
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Invalid names: Xiyuaspis zhangi Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]
Invalid names: Xiyuaspis Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]
Fm. †Hyperaspididae Pan 1992
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G. †Hyperaspis Pan 1992
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†Hyperaspis acclivis Pan 1992
Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007
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Fm. †Geraspididae Pan and Chen 1993
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G. †Geraspis Pan and Chen 1993
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†Geraspis rara Pan and Chen 1993
G. †Kwangnanaspis Cao 1979
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Or. †Huananaspidiformes Janvier 1975
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Fm. †Gantarostrataspidae Wang and Wang 1992
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G. †Gantarostrataspis Wang and Wang 1992
G. †Qushiaspis Jiang et al. 2021
G. †Rhegmaspis Gai et al. 2015
G. †Wumengshanaspis Wang and Lan 1984
Fm. †Huananaspidae Liu 1973
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G. †Asiaspis Pan 1975
G. †Huananaspis Liu 1975
Subfm. †Macrothyraspinae Pan 1992
G. †Stephaspis Gai and Zhu 2007
Fm. †Nanpanaspididae Liu 1975
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G. †Nanpanaspis Liu 1965
Fm. †Sanchaspididae Pan and Wang 1981
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G. †Antiquisagittaspis Liu 1985
G. †Sanchaspis Pan and Wang 1981
Fm. †Sanqiaspidae Liu 1975
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G. †Sanqiaspis Liu 1975
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Cl. †Pituriaspididae Davis 1994
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G. †Neeyambaspis Young 1991
G. †Pituriaspis Young 1991
Invalid names: Neeyambaspididae Davis 1994 [synonym]
Or. †Polybranchiaspidiformes Liu 1965
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Fm. †Duyunolepididae Pan and Wang 1978
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G. †Duyunolepis Pan and Wang 1982
G. †Foxaspis Gai et al. 2023
G. †Lopadaspis Wang et al. 2001
G. †Neoduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978
G. †Paraduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978
Fm. †Gumuaspidae Gai et al. 2018
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G. †Gumuaspis Wang and Wang 1992
G. †Nanningaspis Gai et al. 2018
G. †Platylomaspis Gai et al. 2018
G. †Pseudolaxaspis Gai et al. 2018
Fm. †Pentathyraspididae Pan 1992
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G. †Microhoplonaspis Pan 1992
G. †Pentathyraspis Pan 1992
Fm. †Polybranchiaspididae Liu 1965
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G. †Altigibbaspis Yu-Hai et al. 2018
G. †Bannhuanaspis Janvier et al. 1993
G. †Clororbis Pan and Ji 1993
G. †Cyclodiscaspis Liu 1975
G. †Damaspis Wang and Wang 1982
G. †Diandongaspis Liu 1975
G. †Dongfangaspis Liu 1975
G. †Laxaspis Liu 1975
G. †Polybranchiaspis Liu 1965
G. †Siyingia Wang and Wang 1982
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Fm. †Zhaotongaspididae Wang and Zhu 1994
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G. †Wenshanaspis Zhao et al. 2002
G. †Zhaotongaspis Wang and Zhu 1994
Fm. †Halecopsidae Casier 1946
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G. †Halecopsis Woodward 1901
Cl. †Osteostraci Lankaster 1868
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Or. †Benneviaspidida Janvier 1996
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Superfm. †Boreaspidoidei Stensio 1958
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G. †Severaspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
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†Severaspis rostralis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
G. †Ectinaspis Wängsjö 1952
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†Ectinaspis heintzi Wängsjö 1952
G. †Hapilaspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
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†Hapilaspis apheles Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
G. †Securiaspis Stensio 1932
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†Securiaspis caledonica White 1963
†Securiaspis kingi Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis kitchini Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis waterstoni White 1963
Or. †Benneviaspidiformes Afanassieva 1991
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Fm. †Benneviaspididae Denison 1951
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G. †Benneviaspis Stensiö 1927
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†Benneviaspis anglica Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis holtedahli Stensio 1927
†Benneviaspis lankesteri Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis longicornis Wangsjo 1937
†Benneviaspis polonica Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
†Benneviaspis urvantsevi Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
†Benneviaspis whitei Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
Fm. †Boreaspididae Stensio 1958
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G. †Belonaspis Janvier 1985
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†Belonaspis minuta Janvier 1985
†Belonaspis puella Janvier 1985
G. †Boreaspis Stensio 1927
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†Boreaspis batoides Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis ceratops Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis intermedia Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis macrorhynchus Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis puella Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis rostrata Stensio 1927
†Boreaspis spinicornis Wängsjö 1952
G. †Dicranaspis Janvier 1985
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†Dicranaspis circinus Janvier 1985
†Dicranaspis curtirostris Janvier 1985
†Dicranaspis gracilis Janvier 1985
G. †Hoelaspis Stensio 1927
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†Hoelaspis angulata Stensio 1927
G. †Spatulaspis Janvier 1985
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†Spatulaspis costata Wängsjö 1952
†Spatulaspis robusta Janvier 1985
G. †Tauraspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
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†Tauraspis rara Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
Fm. †Mimetaspididae Stensiö 1958
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G. †Mimetaspis Stensio 1958
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†Mimetaspis concordis Voichyshyn 1994
†Mimetaspis glazewskii Janvier 1985
†Mimetaspis hoeli Wängsjö 1952
Fm. †Pattenaspididae Stensiö 1958
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G. †Pattenaspis Stensio 1958
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†Pattenaspis acuminata Wängsjö 1952
†Pattenaspis bardenheueri Friman and Janvier 1986
†Pattenaspis rogalai Balabai 1962
†Pattenaspis woschmidti Friman and Janvier 1986
G. †Camptaspis Branson and Mehl 1931
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†Camptaspis utahensis Branson and Mehl 1931
Or. †Cephalaspidiformes Berg 1937
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G. †Aachenaspis Egerton 1857
Subor. †Ateleaspidoidei
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Fm. †Ateleaspididae Traquair 1899
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G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899
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Invalid names: Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym], Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym]
G. †Hemicyclaspis Lankaster 1870
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Invalid names: Hemiteleaspis Westoll 1945 [synonym]
G. †Hirella Cossmann 1920
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Invalid names: Micraspis Kiaer 1911 [replaced]
Invalid names: Ateleaspidinae Tranqiair 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Kalanaspididae Tinn and Märss 2018
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G. †Kalanaspis Tinn and Märss 2018
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Fm. †Cephalaspididae Agassiz 1844
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G. †Cephalaspis Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Cephalaspidae Huxley 1861 [synonym]
Fm. †Parameteoraspididae Sansom 2009
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Subfm. †Escuminaspidinae Arsenault and Janvier 1995
G. †Escuminaspis Traquair 1893
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Invalid names: Alaspis Orvig 1957 [synonym]
G. †Parameteoraspis Blieck et al. 1987
Fm. †Superciliaspididae Scott and Wilson 2015
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G. †Dentapelta Scott and Wilson 2015
G. †Glabrapelta Scott and Wilson 2015
G. †Superciliaspis Adrain and Wilson 1994
G. †Meelaidaspis Märss et al. 2014
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†Meelaidaspis gennadii Märss et al. 2014
G. †Ohesaareaspis Märss et al. 2014
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†Ohesaareaspis ponticulata Märss et al. 2014
Subor. †Scolenaspidoidei Afanassieva 1991
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Fm. †Scolenaspididae Afanassieva 1991
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G. †Scolenaspis Jarvik 1954
G. †Ukrainaspis Sansom 2009
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Invalid names: Heraspis Afanassieva 1991 [replaced]
G. †Zychaspis Janvier 1985
Fm. †Zenaspididae Stensio 1958
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G. †Diademaspis Janvier 1985
G. †Machairaspis Janvier 1985
G. †Stensiopelta Denison 1951
G. †Tegaspis Wängsjö 1952
G. †Zenaspis Lankaster 1869
G. †Tuvaspis Obruchev 1956
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†Tuvaspis margaritae Obruchev 1956
Subcl. †Cornuata Janvier 1985
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G. †Hildenaspis Janvier 1976
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†Hildenaspis digitalis Janvier 1976
Invalid names: Cephalaspidiens Janvier 1985 [empty]
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Fm. †Kiaeraspididae Stensio 1932
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Subfm. †Acrotomaspidinae Janvier 1981
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G. †Acrotomaspis Wängsjö 1952
G. †Gustavaspis Janvier 1981
G. †Axinaspis Wängsjö 1952
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†Axinaspis whitei Wängsjö 1952
G. †Kiaeraspis Stensio 1927
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G. †Nectaspis Wängsjö 1952
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†Nectaspis areolata Wängsjö 1952
†Nectaspis dellei Wängsjö 1952
†Nectaspis peltata Wängsjö 1952
G. †Norselaspis Janvier 1981
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†Norselaspis glacialis Janvier 1981
Fm. †Procephalaspididae Stensiö 1958
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G. †Procephalaspis Denison 1951
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†Procephalaspis oeselensis Denison 1951
Fm. †Thyestidae Rohon 1892
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G. †Thyestes Eichwald 1854
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†Thyestes verrucosus Eichwald 1854
Fm. †Tremataspididae Schmidt 1866
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G. †Aestiaspis Janvier and Lelievre 1994
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†Aestiaspis viitaensis Janvier and Lelievre 1994
G. †Dartmuthia Patten 1931
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†Dartmuthia gemmifera Patten 1931
†Dartmuthia procera Märss et al. 2014
G. †Dobraspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1997
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†Dobraspis uralensis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1997
G. †Sclerodus Agassiz 1839
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†Sclerodus pustuliferus Agassiz 1839
G. †Tannuaspis Obruchev 1956
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†Tannuaspis levenkoi Obruchev 1956
G. †Timanaspis Kossovoi and Obruchev 1962
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†Timanaspis kossovoii Kossovoi and Obruchev 1962
Subfm. †Tremataspidinae Woodward 1891
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G. †Oeselaspis Robertson 1935
G. †Tremataspis Schmidt 1866
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†Tremataspis mammillata Patten 1931
†Tremataspis milleri Patten 1931
†Tremataspis obruchevi Afanassieva and Karatajute-Talimaa 1998
†Tremataspis perforata Märss et al. 2014
†Tremataspis rohoni Robertson 1939
†Tremataspis schmidti Rohon 1892
Invalid names: Aestiaspidinae Afanassieva 1996 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Witaaspididae Afanassieva 1991
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G. †Witaaspis Robertson 1939
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†Witaaspis patteni Robertson 1939
†Witaaspis schrenckii Robertson 1939
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Invalid names: Tremataspis schrenkii Pander 1856 [replaced]
Or. †Thyestiida Janvier 1996
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G. †Auchenaspis Egerton 1857
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†Auchenaspis egertoni Lankester 1870
†Auchenaspis salteri Egerton 1857
G. †Ilemoraspis Obruchev 1961
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†Ilemoraspis kirkinskayae Obruchev 1961
Superfm. †Kiaeraspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
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G. †Didymaspis Lankester 1867
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†Didymaspis grindrodi Lankester 1867
Superfm. †Tremataspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
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G. †Saaremaaspis Robertson 1938
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†Saaremaaspis mickwitzi Robertson 1938
G. †Tyriaspis Heintz 1967
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†Tyriaspis whitei Heintz 1967
Or. †Tremataspidida Obruchev 1964
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Invalid names: Tannuaspididae Obruchev 1964 [empty]
Or. †Tremataspidiformes Berg 1937
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G. †Tahulaspis Märss et al. 2014
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†Tahulaspis ordinata Märss et al. 2014
†Tahulaspis praevia Märss et al. 2014
G. †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier 1985
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†Waengsjoeaspis excellens Janvier 1985
†Waengsjoeaspis nahanniensis Adrian and Wilson 1994
†Waengsjoeaspis platycornis Scott and Wilson 2012
G. †Yvonaspis Belles-Isles 1989
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†Yvonaspis campbelltonensis Belles-Isles 1989
Or. †Zenaspidida Stensio 1958
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G. †Spangenhelmaspis Sansom 2009
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†Spangenhelmaspis quadrata Wangsjo 1952
†Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi Stensio 1927
G. †Wladysagitta Voichyshyn 2006
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†Wladysagitta janvieri Voichyshyn 2006
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Invalid names: Cephalaspis acutirostrus Stensio 1932 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Ateleaspidiformes Tarlo 1967 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Raikkula to the top of the Frasnian or 440.80000 to 372.15000 Ma

Collections (197 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9China Changxingaspis nianzhongi, Xiyuichthys zhangi (239268) Jiangxialepis rongi (238414)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62United Kingdom (England) Sclerodus pustuliferus (22721)
Raikkula440.8 - 438.8Estonia (Jõgeva) Kalanaspis delectabilis (206508)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China Miaojiaaspis dichotomus, Tujiaaspis vividus, Yongdongaspis littoralis (236761) Tujiaaspis vividus (239056)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Jiangxi ) Dayongaspidae indet., Gumuaspidae indet., Qingshuiaspis junqingi, Anjiaspis ericius, Jiangxialepis jiujiangensis, Xiyuichthys lixiensis (232461)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Xinjiang) Hanyangaspis sp., Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis (182523) Hanyangaspis sp., Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis, Nanjiangaspis kalpinensis, Kalpinolepis tarimensis, Platycaraspis tianshanensis, Platylomaspis serratus, Nanjiangaspis zhangi (182524)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Ateleaspis tesselata (188542)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Wuhan) Hongshanaspis inexpectatus (239385)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Hubei) Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis (182528 182537) Jiangxialepis retrospina (225099)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Hunan) Cephalaspidida indet. (241017) Dayongaspis colubra (236489) Konoceraspis grandoculus, Dayongaspis hunanensis (182545)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China (Yunnan) Eugaleaspis xujiachongensis, Gantarostrataspis geni (10941)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian399.5 - 387.95Latvia Balticaspis latvica (226510)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95China Dongfangaspis sp. (238390)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Russian Federation Aestiaspis viitaensis (90332)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Latvia Cephalaspidida indet. (225795 225796 225797)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Estonia Cephalaspidida indet. (225791 225792 225793 225794)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Estonia Cephalaspidida indet. (225804)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31United Kingdom Trewinia magnifica (238517)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Russian Federation Ilemoraspis kirkinskayae (238396)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Quebec) Alaspis rosamundae, Levesquaspis patteni, Escuminaspis laticeps (179176)