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Hybodontiformes

Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1966Hybodontiformes Patterson
1977Hybodontiformes Herman p. 17
1978Hybodontiformes Case p. 180
1979Hybodontiformes Case p. 79
1987Hybodontiformes Maisey p. 4
2004Hybodontiformes Everhart
2007Hybodontiformes Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2010Hybodontiformes Ginter et al. p. 89
2010Hybodontiformes Underwood and Cumbaa p. 906
2011Hybodontiformes Long p. 242
2012Hybodontiformes Soto et al.
2013Hybodontiformes Pinheiro et al.
2013Hybodontiformes Pla et al. p. 771
2016Hybodontiformes Nelson et al. p. 55

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
subclassElasmobranchiiBonaparte 1838
infraclassEuselachii()
orderHybodontiformes(Patterson 1966)
orderHybodontiformes(Patterson 1966)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966
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G. †Cassisodus Ginter and Sun 2007
G. †Doratodus Schmid 1861
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†Doratodus tricuspidatus Schmid 1861
G. †Hamiltonichthys Maisey 1989
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†Hamiltonichthys mapesi Maisey 1989
G. †Hubeiodus Shang et al. 2008 [Hubei tooth]
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†Hubeiodus ziguiensis Shang et al. 2008
Superfm. †Hybodontoidea Agassiz 1834
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Fm. †Acrodontidae Casier 1959
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Subfm. †Acrodontinae Maisey 1989
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G. †Asteracanthus Agassiz 1836
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†Asteracanthus acutus Agassiz 1837
†Asteracanthus aegyptiacus Stromer 1927
†Asteracanthus compressus Rogovich 1861
†Asteracanthus granulosus Egerton 1854
†Asteracanthus magnus Agassiz 1838
†Asteracanthus medius Owen 1869
†Asteracanthus minor Agassiz 1837
†Asteracanthus papillosus Egerton 1854
†Asteracanthus siderius Leidy 1870
†Asteracanthus tenuis Agassiz 1838
Invalid names: Curtodus Sauvage 1867 [synonym]
G. †Reticulodus Murry and Kirby 2002
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†Reticulodus synergus Murry and Kirby 2002
G. †Acrodus Agassiz 1834
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†Acrodus acutus Agassiz 1839
†Acrodus affinis Reuss 1845
†Acrodus alexandrae Wemple 1906
†Acrodus anningiae Agassiz 1843
†Acrodus braunii Agassiz 1839
†Acrodus cretaceus Dixon 1850
†Acrodus cuneocostatus Cuny et al. 2001
†Acrodus dolloi Leriche 1911
†Acrodus emmonsi Leidy 1872
†Acrodus flemingianus de Koninck 1863
†Acrodus gaillardoti Agassiz 1834
†Acrodus georgii Mutter 1998
†Acrodus giedroyci Dalinkevičius 1935
†Acrodus hirudo Agassiz 1839
†Acrodus humilis Leidy 1872
†Acrodus jaeckeli Waagen 1895
†Acrodus keuperinus Murchison and Strickland 1837
†Acrodus lateralis Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Acrodus immarginatus von Meyer 1849 [synonym], Hybodus thuringiae Giebel 1856 [synonym], Strophodus pulvinatus Schmid 1861 [synonym], Strophodus rugosus Schmid 1861 [synonym], Strophodus virgatus Schmid 1861 [synonym]
†Acrodus nitidus Woodward 1888
†Acrodus nobilis Agassiz 1837
+
Invalid names: Acrodus arietis Quenstedt 1858 [synonym], Acrodus gibberulus Agassiz 1839 [synonym], Acrodus latus Agassiz 1839 [synonym]
†Acrodus olsoni Johnson 1981
†Acrodus oppenheimeri Stensiö 1921
†Acrodus oreodontus Wemple 1906
†Acrodus paranense Alessandri 1896
†Acrodus scaber Stensiö 1921
†Acrodus spitzbergensis Hulke 1873
†Acrodus substriatus Schmid 1861
†Acrodus sweetlacruzensis Johnson 1981
†Acrodus transversus Agassiz 1837
†Acrodus undulatus Agassiz 1839
†Acrodus vermicularis Stensio 1921
†Acrodus vermiformis Stensiö 1921
†Acrodus wempliae Jordan 1907
Invalid names: Thectodus Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym]
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†Palaeobates angustissimus Agassiz 1834
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Invalid names: Palaeobates acrodiformis Schmid 1861 [synonym], Palaeobates ovalis Schmid 1861 [synonym], Strophodus elytra Agassiz 1838 [synonym]
†Palaeobates polaris Stensiö 1921
†Palaeobates reticulatus Duffin 1998
†Palaeobates shastensis Bryant 1914
G. †Sinacrodus Wang et al. 2007
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†Sinacrodus donglingensis Wang et al. 2007
G. †Strophodus Agassiz 1838
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†Strophodus asper Agassiz 1837
†Strophodus eocenicus Tate 1894
†Strophodus irregularis Agassiz 1838
†Strophodus jaisalmerensis Kumar et al. 2021
†Strophodus punctatus Agassiz 1838
†Strophodus radiatus Münster 1846
†Strophodus rebecae Carrillo-Briceño and Cadena 2022
†Strophodus reticulatus Agassiz 1838
†Strophodus subreticulatus Agassiz 1838
G. †Acrorhizodus Cappetta et al. 2006
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†Acrorhizodus khoratensis Cappetta et al. 2006
G. †Diablodontus Hodnett et al. 2013
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†Diablodontus michaeledmundi Hodnett et al. 2013
Fm. †Distobatidae Werner 1989
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G. †Aegyptobatus Werner 1989
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†Aegyptobatus kuehnei Werner 1989
G. †Distobatus Werner 1989
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†Distobatus nutiae Werner 1989
G. †Glickmanodus Nessov et al. 1997
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†Glickmanodus rarus Nessov et al. 1997
Fm. †Homalodontidae Mutter et al. 2008
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G. †Homalodontus Mutter et al. 2008
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†Homalodontus aplopagus Mutter et al. 2007
†Homalodontus homalorhizo Mutter et al. 2007
Invalid names: Wapitiodus Mutter et al. 2007 [replaced]
G. †Prolatodon Pla et al. 2013
Invalid names: Wapitiodidae Mutter et al. 2007 [replaced]
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
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G. †Bdellodus Quenstedt 1882
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†Bdellodus bollensis Quenstedt 1882
G. †Dicrenodus Romanowski 1853
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†Dicrenodus dentatus M'Coy 1848
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
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†Egertonodus basanus Egerton 1845
†Egertonodus duffini Rees and Underwood 2008
†Egertonodus fraasi Brown 1900
G. †Frangerodus Rees and Underwood 2008
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†Frangerodus lingualis Woodward 1889
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
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G. †Crassodus Maisch and Matzke 2016
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†Crassodus reifi Maisch and Matzke 2016
G. †Heteroptychodus Yabe and Obata 1930
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†Heteroptychodus kokutensis Cuny et al. 2010
†Heteroptychodus steinmanni Yabe and Obata 1930
G. †Hybodus Agassiz 1834
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†Hybodus acutus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aequitridentatus Cuny et al. 2008
†Hybodus angulatus Münster 1841
†Hybodus angustus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus antingensis Liu 1962
†Hybodus apicalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aschersoni Stromer 1927
†Hybodus austiensis Davis 1881
†Hybodus bidentatus Rogovich 1861
†Hybodus brabanticus Leriche 1930
†Hybodus bugarensis Pla et al. 2013
†Hybodus carinatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus clarkensis Cragin 1894
†Hybodus copei Hay 1899
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Invalid names: Hybodus regularis Cope 1891 [replaced]
†Hybodus crassispinus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus crassus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus curtus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus cuspidatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus delabechei Charlesworth 1839
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Invalid names: Hybodus pyramidalis Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
†Hybodus dimidiatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus dorsalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus dubius Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus ensatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus ensensis Woodward 1916
†Hybodus formosus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus grewingki Dalinkevičius 1935
†Hybodus hauffianus Fraas 1895
†Hybodus hexagonus Münster 1841
†Hybodus houtienensis Young 1940
†Hybodus inflatus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus laeviusculus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus lawsoni Duff 1842
†Hybodus leptodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus levis Woodward 1889
†Hybodus longiconus Agassiz 1838
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Invalid names: Hybodus obliquus Agassiz 1834 [synonym]
†Hybodus mackrothi Geinitz 1861
†Hybodus major Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus marginalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus medius Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus microdus Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus mougeoti Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus multiconus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus multiplicatus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus nevadensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus novus Henry 1876
†Hybodus obtusus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus pinii Bassani 1886
†Hybodus pleiodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus plicatilis Agassiz 1834
†Hybodus punctatus Davis 1881
†Hybodus rapax Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus raricostatus Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus reticulatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus sasseniensis Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus shastensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus storeri Case 1978
†Hybodus striatulus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus subcarinatus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus sublaevis Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus tenuis Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus undulatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus yohi Yang et al. 1984
†Hybodus zigongensis Peng et al. 2005
†Hybodus zuodengensis Yang et al. 1984
Invalid names: Cladodus curtus Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Hybodus dewalquei Forir 1887 [nomen vanum], Leiacanthus Agassiz 1837 [synonym], Leptacanthus cornaliae Bellotti 1858 [nomen dubium], Meristodon Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Orthybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym], Parhybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym]
G. †Meristodonoides Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
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†Meristodonoides butleri Thurmond 1971
†Meristodonoides novojerseyensis Case and Cappetta 2004
G. †Planohybodus Rees and Underwood 2008
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†Planohybodus ensis Woodward 1916
†Planohybodus grossiconus Agassiz 1843
†Planohybodus marki Pinheiro et al. 2013
†Planohybodus peterboroughensis Rees and Underwood 2008
G. †Miosynechodus Deraniyagala 1969
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†Miosynechodus mora Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Priohybodus d'Erasmo 1960
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†Priohybodus arambourgi d'Erasmo 1960
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
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†Sphenonchus elongatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus hamatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus martini Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus obtusus Davis 1881
G. †Thaiodus Cappetta et al. 1990
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†Thaiodus ruchae Cappetta et al. 1990
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
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†Tribodus limae Brito and Ferreira 1989
†Tribodus morlati Landemaine 1991
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
G. †Lamarodus Ivanov 2020
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†Lamarodus triangulus Ivanov 2020
G. †Lissodus Brough 1935
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†Lissodus africanus Broom 1913
†Lissodus angulatus Stensiö 1921
†Lissodus bartheli Werner 1989
†Lissodus cassangensis Teixeira 1956
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Invalid names: Hybodus pusillus Teixeira 1956 [replaced]
†Lissodus cristatus Delsate and Duffin 1999
†Lissodus guenneguesi Delsate 2003
†Lissodus hasleensis Rees 1998
†Lissodus johnsonorum Milner and Kirkland 2006
†Lissodus leiodus Woodward 1887
†Lissodus leiopleurus Agassiz 1839
†Lissodus lepagei Duffin 1993
†Lissodus levis Woodward 1887
†Lissodus minimus Agassiz 1839
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Invalid names: Thectodus glaber Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Thectodus inflatus Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Thectodus tricuspidatus Plieninger 1844 [synonym]
†Lissodus wardi Duffin 1985
†Lissodus xiushuiensis Wang et al. 2007
Fm. †Lonchidiidae Herman 1977
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G. †Dabasacanthus Zangerl 1979
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†Dabasacanthus inskasi Zangerl 1979
G. †Diabodus Cuny et al. 2004
G. †Gansuselache Wang et al. 2009
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†Gansuselache tungshengi Wang et al. 2009
G. †Hylaeobatis Woodward 1916
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†Hylaeobatis problematica Woodward 1916
G. †Isanodus Cuny et al. 2006
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†Isanodus paladeji Cuny et al. 2006
G. †Jiaodontus Klug et al. 2010
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†Jiaodontus montaltissimus Klug et al. 2010
†Jiaodontus vedenemus Klug et al. 2010
G. †Lonchidion Estes 1964
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†Lonchidion anitae Thurmond 1971
†Lonchidion babulskii Cappetta and Case 1975
†Lonchidion breve Patterson 1966
†Lonchidion crenulatum Patterson 1966
†Lonchidion delsatei Guennegues and Biddle 1989
†Lonchidion derenzii Manzanares et al. 2017
†Lonchidion ferganensis Fischer et al. 2011
†Lonchidion griffisi Case 1987
†Lonchidion humblei Murry 1981
†Lonchidion indicus Yadagiri 1986
†Lonchidion inflexum Underwood and Rees 2002
†Lonchidion khoratensis Cuny et al. 2006
†Lonchidion marocensis Duffin and Sigogneau-Russell 1993
†Lonchidion microselachos Estes and Sanchíz 1982
†Lonchidion monteschi Gomez Pallerola 1979
†Lonchidion selachas Estes 1964
†Lonchidion selachos Estes 1964
†Lonchidion striatum Patterson 1966
†Lonchidion weltoni Duffin 1985
Invalid names: Priscavolucris Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
G. †Luopingselache Wen et al. 2023
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†Luopingselache striata Wen et al. 2023
G. †Parvodus Rees and Underwood 2002
+
†Parvodus celsucuspus Rees et al. 2013
†Parvodus ominechonensis Breeden et al. 2024
†Parvodus pattersoni Duffin 1985
†Parvodus rugianus Ansorge 1990
G. †Vectiselachos Rees and Underwood 2002
+
†Vectiselachos ornatus Woodward 1889
Fm. †Polyacrodontidae Glükman 1964
+
G. †Diplolonchidion Heckert 2004
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†Diplolonchidion murryi Heckert 2004
G. †Polyacrodus Jaekel 1889
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†Polyacrodus brevicostatus Patterson 1966
†Polyacrodus claveringensis Stensiö 1932
†Polyacrodus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858
†Polyacrodus heterodon Patterson 1966
†Polyacrodus jiangxiensis Wang et al. 2007
†Polyacrodus krafti Seilacher 1943
†Polyacrodus lapalomensis Johnson 1981
†Polyacrodus maiseyi Landemaine 1991
†Polyacrodus minimus Agassiz 1939
†Polyacrodus parvidens Woodward 1916
†Polyacrodus polycyphus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Orodus triadeus Schmid 1861 [synonym]
†Polyacrodus pyramidalis Stensiö 1921
†Polyacrodus ritchiei Johnson 1981
†Polyacrodus tiandongensis Wang. et al. 2001
†Polyacrodus tregoi Rieppel et al. 1996
†Polyacrodus tuberculatus Rogovich 1861
†Polyacrodus wichitaensis Johnson 1981
†Polyacrodus zideki Johnson 1981
G. †Roongodus Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
Fm. †Tristychiidae Moy-Thomas 1936
+
G. †Tristychius Agassiz 1837
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†Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Asteracanthus semiverrucosus Egerton 1854 [nomen dubium], Asteracanthus verrucosus Egerton 1854 [nomen dubium], Hybodus strictus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium]
+
†Mesodmodus explanatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus exsculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus ornatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Omanoselache Koot et al. 2013
+
†Omanoselache angiolinii Koot et al. 2013
†Omanoselache bucheri Cuny et al. 2001
†Omanoselache halli Koot and Cuny 2014
†Omanoselache hendersoni Koot et al. 2013
G. †Onychoselache Dick 1978
+
Fm. †Pseudodalatiidae Reif 1978
+
G. †Pseudodalatias Reif 1978
+
†Pseudodalatias henarejensis Botella et al. 2009
G. †Reesodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Reesodus pectinatus Lebedev 1996
†Reesodus underwoodi Koot et al. 2013
†Reesodus wirksworthensis Duffin 1985
Fm. †Steinbachodontidae Reif 1980
+
G. †Steinbachodus Reif 1980
+
G. †Teresodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Teresodus amplexus Koot et al. 2013
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 13:49:23
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:31:01
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Frasnian to the top of the Messinian or 382.70000 to 5.33300 Ma

Collections (983 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Devonian419.2 - 358.9USA (Kentucky) Asteracanthus siderius (87058)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Russian Federation (Komi Republic) Hybodontidae indet. (133351)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Russian Federation Hybodontidae indet. (133345 133350)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Russian Federation Hybodontidae indet. (133363) Lissodus sp. (133364)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2United Kingdom Pristicladodus dentatus (132729)
Ivorian353.8 - 346.7Ireland (Meath) Lissodus sp. (90696)
Ivorian353.8 - 346.7Ireland (Kilkenny) Lissodus sp. (90695)
Arundian346.7 - 340.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Onychoselache traquari (90682)
Visean346.7 - 330.9Russian Federation (Komi) Lissodus sp. (133366)
Visean346.7 - 330.9China (Gansu) Hybodontidae indet. (120301)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Lonchidion selachos (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Lonchidion sp. (224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Hybodus sp. (213592) Lissodus selachos (45099 45102 45109 45111 45118 45119 45128 45134 45136 45137 45143 45144)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) Lissodus babulski (61738)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Acrodus humilus (3113)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Australia (Victoria) Asteracanthus eocaenicus (122467)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Australia (Tasmania) Strophodus eocenicus (28307)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Sri Lanka (Puttalam) Miosynechodus mora (14149)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Strophodus eocenicus (46167)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Asteracanthus sp. (154112)