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Otomorpha

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Otomorpha is an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was assigned to Clupeocephala by Betancur et al. (2013), van der Laan (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
2011Ostarioclupeomorpha Long p. 242
2013Otomorpha Betancur et al.
2019Otomorpha van der Laan p. 64

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Otomorpha
—Otomorpha

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Superor. Alepocephali
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G. Alepocephalus Goode and Bean 1879
G. †Palaeotroctes Danil'chenko 1960
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†Palaeotroctes strictus Danil'chenko 1960
G. Xenodermichthys Günther 1878
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†Xenodermichthys catulus Schubert 1908
†Xenodermichthys senesi Nolf and Brzobohaty 1994
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G. †Vachalia Přikryl and Carnevale 2020
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†Vachalia moraviensis Přikryl and Carnevale 2020
Invalid names: Bathylaconidae Parr 1948 [empty]
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Fm. †Sorbininardidae Taverne 1999
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G. †Sorbininardus Taverne 1999
Fm. †Clupavidae Bertin and Arambourg 1958
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G. †Clupavus Arambourg 1950
G. †Lusitanichthys Gavet 1980
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Superor. Clupei
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Or. Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859
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G. †Austroclupea Bardack 1961
Subor. Clupeoidei Bleeker 1859 [herring]
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Fm. Alosidae Svetovidov 1952
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G. †Sanalosa Bienkowska-Wasiluk et al. 2024
Fm. Chirocentridae Cuvier and Valenciennes 1846
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G. Chirocentrus Cuvier 1817
G. †Platinx Agassiz 1835
G. †Spathodactylus Pictet 1853
Fm. Clupeidae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
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G. †Alisea Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Alosa Linck 1790
G. Anchoa Jordan and Evermann 1927
G. †Audenaerdia Taverne 1973
G. †Bolcaichthys Marramá and Carnevale 2015
G. Brevoortia Gill 1861
G. †Chasmoclupea Murray et al. 2005
G. Clupea Linnaeus 1758
G. †Clupeidarum Cuvier 1817
Subfm. Clupeinae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
G. Dussumieria Valenciennes 1847
G. †Eoalosa Marrama` and Carnevale 2018 [sunrise or dawn shad]
G. †Etringus Jordan 1907
G. †Ganoessus
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Invalid names: Lembicus Jordan 1925 [synonym]
G. †Hypsospondylus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1885
G. †Nolfia Taverje 1976
G. Opisthonema Gill 1862
G. †Pellonula Günther 1868
G. Pomolobus Rafinesque 1820
G. †Quisque Jordan 1920
G. Sardina Antipa 1905
G. Sardinops Hubbs 1929
G. Sarmatella Menner 1949
G. Spratelloides Bleeker 1851
G. Trollichthys Marramà and Carnevale
G. †Waihaoclupea Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Wisslerius David 1946
G. †Xenophanis Sauvage 1873
G. †Xyne Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Xyrinius Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Dorosomatinae [empty], Ehiravinae [empty], Epelichthys Jordan 1925 [invalid subgroup], Xenothrissa Jordan 1925 [invalid subgroup]
Superfm. Clupeoidea Cuvier 1817
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G. †Pseudoetringus David 1946
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G. †Azalois Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Etrumeus Bleeker 1853
G. †Lygisma Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Sahelinia Arambourg 1927
G. †Smithites Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Sternbergia Jordan 1925
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G. †Engraulites Jordan and Gilbert 1925
G. Stolephorus Lacépède 1803
Invalid names: Coilinae [empty], Engraulinae [empty]
Superfm. Engrauloidea Grande 1985
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G. †Clupeopsis Casier 1946
G. †Monosmilus Capobianco et al. 2020
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G. Ilisha Richardson 1845
G. Opisthopterus Gill 1861
Invalid names: Pelloninae [empty]
Invalid names: Cromeriidae [empty], Dorosomidae [empty], Macristiidae [empty], Notogoneidae [empty]
G. †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
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G. †Paleodenticeps Greenwoos
Invalid names: Denticipitidae [empty]
G. †Hacquetia Szajnocha 1886
G. †Pseudoellimma De Figueiredo 2009
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†Pseudoellimma gallae De Figueiredo 2009
Invalid names: Chirocentroidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Ganolytidae Jordan 1921
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G. †Ganolytes Jordan 1919
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†Ganolytes aphrasta Jordan 1925
†Ganolytes aratus Jordan 1924
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Invalid names: Diradias fenestralis Jordan 1925 [synonym]
†Ganolytes cameo Jordan 1919
†Ganolytes clepsydra Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Diradias Jordan 1924 [synonym]
Superor. Ostariophysi Jordan and Evermann 1896
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Invalid names: Atelaxia [empty], Histichthyes [empty], Taeniosomi [empty]
Fm. †Ancylostylidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Ancylostylos Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
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†Ancylostylos gibbus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
Unr. Anotophysa Rosen and Greenwood 1970
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G. †Eucoelogaster White and Moy-Thomas 1940
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Invalid names: Coelogaster Agassiz 1835 [replaced]
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G. †Aethalionopsis Gaudant 1967
G. †Caeus Costa 1853
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†Caeus leopoldi Costa 1860
Subor. Chanoidei
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G. †Chanopsis Casier 1961
G. †Dastilbe Jordan 1910
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†Dastilbe crandalli Jordan 1910
†Dastilbe elongatus Silva-Santos 1947
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Fm. Gonorhynchidae Gunther 1868
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Invalid names: Charitosomidae Gayet 1993 [synonym]
Invalid names: Judeichthyidae Gayet 1985 [empty]
Subor. Knerioidei
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G. †Neohalecopsis Weiler 1928
G. †Tharrhias Jordan and Branner 1908
G. †Gordichthys Poyato-Ariza 1994
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†Gordichthys conquensis Poyato-Ariza 1994
Invalid names: Chanos forcipatus Heckel 1854 [invalid subgroup]
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Invalid names: Characodontidae [empty], Fitzroyiidae [empty], Gooeidae [empty]
Fm. †Erythrinolepidae Cockerell 1919
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G. †Erythrinolepis Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Apidosiidae [empty], Homalopteridae [empty], Medidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Electrophoridae [empty]
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Invalid names: Luciidae [empty]
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G. †Eobrycon Jordan 1907
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†Eobrycon avus Woodward 1898
†Eobrycon branneri Eigenmann 1929
Invalid names: Xiphiostomidae [empty]
Or. Heterosomata Cope 1871
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G. †Hippoglossus Jordan 1924
Invalid names: Synapturidae [empty]
Or. Nematognathii Gill 1861
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Invalid names: Ameiuridae [empty], Argidae [empty], Bunocephalidae [empty], Hypophthalmidae [empty], Lepidoglanidae [empty], Pygidiidae [empty]
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Fm. †Chanoididae Taverne 2005
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G. †Chanoides Woodward 1901
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†Chanoides macropoma Agassiz 1835
Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
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Superfm. Alestoidea
Superfm. Erythrinoidea
Fm. Serrasalmidae Günther 1864
Invalid names: Bryconidae [empty], Chalceidae [empty], Characoidea [empty], Chilodontidae Eigenmann 1912 [empty], Crenuchoidea [empty], Ctenoluciidae [empty], Gasteropelecidae [empty], Hepsetidae [empty], Parodontidae [empty], Prochilodontidae [empty], Triportheidae [empty]
Subor. Citharinoidei Buckup 1998
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G. †Eocitharinus Murray 2003
Invalid names: Citharinidae [empty], Distichodontidae [empty]
G. Miletes Heckel 1849
G. Rhodsia Fowler 1911
G. †Santanichthys Silva Santos 1991
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†Santanichthys diasii Silva Santos 1958
Or. Cypriniformes Bleeker 1859 [carp-like fish]
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Subor. Cobitoidei Swainson 1838
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Fm. Catostomidae Agassiz 1850
Fm. Cobitidae Swainson 1838
Fm. †Jianghanichthyidae Liu et al. 2015
Invalid names: Balitoridae [empty], Barbuccidae Kottelat 2012 [empty], Botiidae [empty], Ellopostomatidae [empty], Gastromyzontidae [empty], Gyrinocheilidae [empty], Nemacheilidae [empty], Serpenticobitidae [empty], Vaillantellidae [empty]
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Fm. Cyprinidae Rafinesque 1815
Subfm. Tincidae Jordan 1878
Invalid names: Acheilognathidae [empty], Danionidae Bleeker 1863 [empty], Gobionidae Bleeker 1863 [empty], Leptobarbidae Bleeker 1864 [empty], Leuciscidae Bonaparte 1835 [empty], Paedocyprididae Mayden and Chen 2010 [empty], Psilorhynchidae Hora 1926 [empty], Sundadanionidae Mayden and Chen 2010 [empty], Tanichthyidae Mayden and Chen 2010 [empty]
Invalid names: Siluri Stirton 1953 [empty]
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Invalid names: Gymnotidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Apteronotidae [empty], Rhamphichthyidae [empty], Sternopygidae [empty]
Or. Siluriformes [catfish]
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Fm. †Andinichthyidae Gayet 1988
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G. †Andinichthys Gayet 1988
Fm. †Bachmanniidae Azpelicueta and Cione 2011
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G. †Bachmannia Dolgopol 1941
Fm. Callitrichtyidae Lundberg 1997
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G. Hoplosternum Lundberg 1997
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Fm. Diplomystidae Eigenman 1890
G. †Eopeyeria Whitley 1947
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Fm. †Hypsidoridae Grande and De Pinna 1998
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Fm. Callichthyidae Gill 1872
Fm. Loricariidae Gill 1872
Fm. Nematogenyidae Bleeker 1862
Invalid names: Astroblepidae [empty]
G. Selenaspis Bleeker 1858
Subor. Siluroidei Frizzell and Dante 1965
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Fm. Ariidae Berg 1958 [Ariid catfish]
Fm. Bagridae Bleeker 1852 [naked catfish]
Fm. Clariidae Bonaparte 1846 [airbreathing catfish]
Superfm. Doradoidea
Fm. Ictaluridae Gill 1861 [catfish]
Fm. Mochokidae Jordan 1923
Fm. Pimelodidae Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1918
Fm. Siluridae Cuvier 1816
Superfm. Sisoroidea
Invalid names: Ailiidae [empty], Akysidae [empty], Amblycipitidae [empty], Anchariidae [empty], Arioidea Bleeker 1862 [empty], Auchenipteridae [empty], Austroglanididae [empty], Chacidae [empty], Clarioidea [empty], Cranoglanididae [empty], Heteropneustidae [empty], Horabagridae [empty], Hypsidoroidea Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty], Malapteruridae [empty], Pangasiidae [empty], Plotosidae [empty], Pseudopimelodidae [empty], Ritidae [empty], Schilbeidae [empty], Siluriodae [empty]
Fm. †Vorhisiidae Frizzell 1965
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G. †Vorhisia Frizzell 1965
Invalid names: Cetopsoidei [empty], Doradidae [empty]
Invalid names: Characiphysae [empty], Characiphysi Fink and Fink 1981 [empty], Cyprinae [empty], Cypriniphysi [empty], Siluriphysi Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty]
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Invalid names: Rogeniidae [empty], Xenesthidae [empty]
Or. Xenomi
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Invalid names: Dalliidae [empty]
Invalid names: Salmopercae [empty], Selenichthyes [empty], Siluroidea [empty], Xenarchi [empty]
Invalid names: Ostarioclupeomorpha [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Tithonian to the top of the Holocene or 145.06000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma

Collections (1062 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Greenland Cyprinidae indet. (1212 1214)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Oriental) Cypriniformes indet. (45726)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Figuig) Siluriformes indet. (204918 204936 204979)
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Brazil (Alagoas) Pseudoellimma gallae (135830)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Rubiesichthys gregalis, Gordichthys conquensis (28006)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Germany Clupeidae indet. (221372)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Mexico (Chiapas) Gonorhynchiformes indet. (68835)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Brazil Ellimma cruzi, Dastilbe crandalli (63322)
Early/Lower Aptian - Late/Upper Aptian121.4 - 113.2Brazil (Maranhao) Dastilbe elongatus (31170)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Ceará) Dastilbe crandalli (115134) Dastilbe sp. (122926)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Pernambuco) Tharrhias araripis (193049 193050 193051 193052 193053)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian119.57 - 110.1Brazil (Pernacumbo) Tharrhias araripis (165422)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1Italy (Campania) Caeus leopoldi (221195) Clupavus sp. (68888 112631)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Brazil (Sergipe) Nolfia riachuelensis (140003)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3Italy (Salerno) Clupavus sp. (127349)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Slovenia Ancylostylos gibbus (144686)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Lusitanichthys africanus (136829)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Mexico (Chiapas) Gonorhynchidae indet. (192074)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Palestine Judeichthys haasi, Ramallichthys orientalis (11804)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lebanon Charitosomus hakelensis (221230 221231) Clupea gigantea (221190) Spaniodon hakelensis (216596)