PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Linuparus

Malacostraca - Decapoda - Palinuridae

Taxonomy

Linuparus was named by White (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti-l R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Decapoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Palinuridae by Latreille (1802), Ortmann (1897), Rathbun (1935), Feldmann and Bearlin (1988), Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen (1992), Feldmann and Keys (1992), Feldmann et al. (1993), Karasawa (1993), Schweitzer et al. (2003), Armstrong et al. (2009), Schweitzer et al. (2010), Schweitzer et al. (2015), Charbonnier (2025).

Synonyms

Thenops was named by Bell (1858).

It was reranked as Linuparus (Thenops) by Schweitzer et al. (2003); it was synonymized subjectively with Linuparus by Schweitzer et al. (2015).

It was assigned to Linuparus by Schweitzer et al. (2003).
Podocratus was named by Becks (1850).

It was reranked as Linuparus (Podocrates) by Whiteaves (1895), Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen (1992); it was reranked as Linuparus (Podocratus) by Roberts (1962); it was synonymized subjectively with Linuparus by Schweitzer et al. (2015).

It was assigned to Palinuridae by Rathbun (1926); and to Linuparus by Whiteaves (1895), Roberts (1962), Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen (1992).
Linuparus (Eolinuparus) was named by Mertin (1941).

It was synonymized subjectively with Linuparus by Schweitzer et al. (2015).

It was assigned to Linuparus by Mertin (1941).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1802	Linuparus Latreille
1847	Linuparus White
1850	Podocratus Becks
1858	Thenops Bell p. 33
1895	Linuparus (Podocrates) Whiteaves
1897	Linuparus Ortmann
1926	Podocratus Rathbun p. 134
1935	Linuparus Rathbun p. 32
1941	Linuparus (Eolinuparus) Mertin
1962	Linuparus (Podocratus) Roberts
1988	Linuparus Feldmann and Bearlin p. 245
1992	Linuparus Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen p. 12
1992	Linuparus (Podocrates) Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen p. 12
1992	Linuparus Feldmann and Keys p. 9
1993	Linuparus Feldmann et al. p. 22
1993	Linuparus Karasawa p. 37
2002	Linuparus Sepkoski
2003	Linuparus Schweitzer et al. p. 15
2003	Linuparus (Thenops) Schweitzer et al. p. 15
2009	Linuparus Armstrong et al. p. 747
2010	Linuparus Schweitzer et al. p. 46
2015	Linuparus Schweitzer et al. p. 5
2025	Linuparus Charbonnier p. 4

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997

Rank	Name	Author
—	Hymenostraca	(Rolfe 1969)
superclass	Multicrustacea	Regier et al. 2010
class	Malacostraca	()
subclass	Eumalacostraca	Grobben 1892
—	Caridoida	Hessler 1982
order	Decapoda
suborder	Pleocyemata	Burkenroad 1963
infraorder	Achelata	Scholtz and Richter 1995
family	Palinuridae	Latreille 1802
genus	Linuparus	White 1847

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Linuparus White 1847

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Subg. Linuparus (Linuparus) White 1847

†Linuparus (Linuparus) korura Feldmann and Bearlin 1988

†Linuparus adkinsi Rathbun 1935

†Linuparus africanus Glaessner 1932

†Linuparus bererensis Secretan 1964

†Linuparus bererensis multispinosus Secretan 1964

†Linuparus bigranulatus Glaessner 1930

†Linuparus canadensis Whiteaves 1884

Invalid names: Linuparus atavus Ortmann 1897 [synonym]

†Linuparus carteri Reed 1911

†Linuparus dentatus van Straelen 1936

†Linuparus duelmenensis Geinitz 1849

†Linuparus dzheirantuiensis Feldmann et al. 2007

†Linuparus eocenicus Woods 1925

†Linuparus euthymei Roman and Mazeran 1920

†Linuparus grimmeri Stenzel 1945

†Linuparus hantscheli Mertin 1941

†Linuparus japonicus Nagao 1931

†Linuparus keysi Kornecki et al. 2017

†Linuparus kleinfelderi Rathbun 1931

†Linuparus korura Feldmann and Bearlin 1988

†Linuparus laevicephalus Mertin 1941

†Linuparus macellarii Feldmann and Tshudy 1988

†Linuparus petkovici Bachmayer and Markovic 1955

†Linuparus pustulosus Feldmann et al. 1977

†Linuparus qualitus Feldmann et al. 2021

†Linuparus richardsi Roberts 1962

†Linuparus schluteri Tribolet 1874

†Linuparus scyllariformis Bell 1858

†Linuparus secretanae Charbonnier et al. 2017

†Linuparus shacklefordae Schweitzer et al. 2019

Linuparus sordidus Bruce 1965

†Linuparus spinosus Collins and Rasmussen 1992

†Linuparus stolleyi Haas 1889

†Linuparus straili Forir 1887

†Linuparus tarrantensis Davidson 1963

†Linuparus texanus Rathbun 1935

†Linuparus trigonus von Siebold 1824

†Linuparus vancouverensis Whiteaves 1895

†Linuparus watkinsi Stenzel 1945

†Linuparus wilcoxensis Rathbun 1935

Invalid names: Eolinuparus Mertin 1941 [synonym], Podocratus Becks 1850 [synonym], Thenops Bell 1858 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoreo

Vision:

well-developedc

Created:

2022-11-16 15:48:15

Modified:

2025-08-22 17:23:23

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Turnsek 1997, Aberhan 1992, Fearon and Clapham 2023

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aptian to the top of the Messinian or 121.40000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 113.2 Ma

Collections (73 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	United Kingdom (England)	L. carteri (1746)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Spain (Castellón)	L. sp. (221581)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	USA (Texas)	L. adkinsi (141130)
Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	113.2 - 93.9	USA (Oklahoma)	L. vancouverensis (142106)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	USA (Texas)	L. adkinsi (52126 141000) L. sp. (141174)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Texas)	L. grimmeri, L. watkinsi (234308)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan	L. dzheirantuiensis (74023)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Lebanon	L. secretanae (242017) L. sp. (60311)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Texas)	L. grimmeri, L. watkinsi (234307)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	USA (Louisiana)	L. canadensis (142091)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	L. grimmeri, L. watkinsi (234310)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	L. sp. (235352)
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	Japan (Hokkaido)	L. japonicus (235784)
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	Japan (Iwate)	L. japonicus (235788)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New York)	L. kleinfelderi (142103)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan	L. dzheirantuiensis (74024)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (South Dakota)	L. canadensis (235703)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	L. grimmeri, L. watkinsi (135243)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	L. canadensis (35063)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Canada (British Columbia)	L. qualitus (225953)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Mexico)	L. grimmeri (4870)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan	L. dzheirantuiensis (74025 191850 191851 191852 191853)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (South Dakota)	L. canadensis (142105)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Japan	L. japonicus (65022)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Canada (Alberta)	L. canadensis (142104)
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Campanian	93.9 - 72.2	Canada (British Columbia)	L. canadensis, L. vancouverensis (122497)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Cameroon	L. africanus (209647)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	USA (South Dakota)	L. atavus (235477)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Canada (British Columbia)	L. canadensis (122930)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (New York)	L. kleinfelderi (135993)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Delaware)	L. richardsi (125956)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (British Columbia)	L. canadensis, L. vancouverensis (139008) L. vancouverensis (140566)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	L. canadensis (140565)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (British Columbia)	L. canadensis, L. vancouverensis (122496)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Delaware)	L. richardsi (235827)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Antarctica	L. macellarii (221285)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Greenland	L. spinosus (70235)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Tennessee)	Podocratus canadensis (88357)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Antarctica	L. macellarii (140172 235727)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	L. sp. (57916)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	L. sp. (142007)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	L. canadensis (139733)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	L. sp. (235362)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Russian Federation	L. sp. (237608 237627 237629 237639)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Antarctica	L. macellarii (235366)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (mississippi)	L. keysi (232464)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	L. canadensis (140914)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Antarctica	L. macellarii (221289)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Texas)	L. wilcoxensis (207141)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Illinois)	L. canadensis (70129)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	L. macellarii (8019)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (Texas)	L. texanus (142885)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	L. wilcoxensis (87815)
Paleogene	66.0 - 23.04	Mexico (Coahuila)	L. wilcoxensis (133573)
Paleogene	66.0 - 23.04	Belgium (Egem)	L. scyllariformis (126158)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	Mexico (Coahuila)	L. wilcoxensis (133900)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	L. wilcoxensis (142748 142749)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	United Kingdom (England)	L. scyllariformis (76601)
Bortonian	42.6 - 39.1	New Zealand (South Island)	L. korura (202246)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Japan (Miyazaki)	L. trigonus (202445)