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Cytheropteron
Taxonomy
Cytheropteron was named by Sars (1866) [Sepkoski's age data: J Toar-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 74]. It is extant. Its type is Cythere latissima.
It was assigned to Cytheridae by Ulrich and Bassler (1904), Alexander (1934); to Cytherurinae by Bertels (1969); to Podocopida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cytheropterinae by Hazel and Holden (1971), Blaszyk (1987), Ceolin et al. (2015); to Cytherurinae by Forel (2017); and to Cytheruridae by Bertels (1973), Bertels (1975), Yamaguchi et al. (2016), Ceolin et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Cytheridae by Ulrich and Bassler (1904), Alexander (1934); to Cytherurinae by Bertels (1969); to Podocopida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cytheropterinae by Hazel and Holden (1971), Blaszyk (1987), Ceolin et al. (2015); to Cytherurinae by Forel (2017); and to Cytheruridae by Bertels (1973), Bertels (1975), Yamaguchi et al. (2016), Ceolin et al. (2024).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
C. ascolii, C. australopunctatarum, C. bifidum, C. byfieldensis, C. carinoa, C. concentricum, C. cribum, C. demenocali, C. gwashense, C. howelli, C. lekefense, C. leonensis, C. liogluma, C. litwini, C. mexicanum, C. minutoalatum, C. minutum, C. nadezdae, C. punctatum, C. renzi, C. rugosalatum, C. sagittaeferrum, C. semireticulatum, C. subreticulatum, C. supraliassicum, C. talquinensis, C. testudo, C. trinitiensis, C. trinitiensis, C. variosum, C. vespertilio, C. virgineum, C. yorktownensis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Cytheropteron Sars |
| 1904 | Cytheropteron Ulrich and Bassler p. 128 |
| 1934 | Cytheropteron Alexander |
| 1969 | Cytheropteron Bertels p. 277 |
| 1971 | Cytheropteron Hazel and Holden p. 5 |
| 1973 | Cytheropteron Bertels |
| 1975 | Cytheropteron Bertels p. 126 |
| 1987 | Cytheropteron Blaszyk p. 74 |
| 2002 | Cytheropteron Sepkoski |
| 2015 | Cytheropteron Ceolin et al. |
| 2016 | Cytheropteron Yamaguchi et al. p. 413 figs. Table 3 |
| 2017 | Cytheropteron Forel p. 39 |
| 2024 | Cytheropteron Ceolin et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Cytheropteron Sars 1866
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Subg. Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) Sars 1866
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†Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) aligerum Alexander 1934
†Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) midwayensis Alexander 1934
Subg. Cytheropteron (Eocytheropteron) Alexander 1933
†Cytheropteron alafastigatum Fischer 1962
Cytheropteron alatum Sars 1866
†Cytheropteron bidentinos Ceolin et al. 2015
†Cytheropteron danvillensis Howe and Chambers 1935
†Cytheropteron galericulum Howe and Law 1936
†Cytheropteron hyperdictyon Ceolin et al. 2015
†Cytheropteron inops Bertels 1969
†Cytheropteron latissima Norman 1865
†Cytheropteron montgomeryensis Howe and Chambers 1935
†Cytheropteron nodosum Ulrich and Bassler 1904
†Cytheropteron planalatum Guernet 1985
†Cytheropteron reticuloradiata Neale and Singh 1985
†Cytheropteron rocanum Bertels 1973
†Cytheropteron schornikovi Forel 2017
†Cytheropteron translimitares Ceolin et al. 2015
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Jell and Adrain 2002, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Spathian to the top of the Holocene or 248.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 246.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 246.7 Ma
Collections (240 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spathian | China (Xizang) | C. sp. A (112032) | |
| Julian | Türkiye | C. schornikovi (197740) | |
| Sinemurian - Pliensbachian | United Kingdom (Wales) | C. sp. A (33493) | |
| Spinatum | Portugal | C. sp. (33471) | |
| Falciferum | United Kingdom (Somerset) | C. gwashense (33340 33341 33342 33344) C. gwashense, C. supraliassicum (33343) | |
| Falciferum | Portugal | C. alafastigatum (158474) | |
| Toarcian | United Kingdom (Wales) | C. alafastigatum (33497) | |
| Bifrons | Portugal | C. alafastigatum (33478 33482) | |
| Bifrons | United Kingdom (Somerset) | C. byfieldensis (33348) C. byfieldensis, C. alafastigatum (33345 33346 33347) | |
| Levesquei | Portugal | C. alafastigatum (33485 33486 33487 33488 33489) | |
| Thouarsense | Portugal | C. alafastigatum (33484) | |
| Thouarsense | United Kingdom (Somerset) | C. alafastigatum (33349 33350) C. cribum (33352) C. supraliassicum, C. sp., C. alafastigatum (33351) | |
| Late/Upper Bajocian | Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia) | C. sp. (198644 198646 198673 198674 198680 198696) | |
| Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Portugal | C. sp. (67951) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Portugal | C. sp. (67959) | |
| Valanginian - Barremian | Spain (Biscay) | C. sp. (144740) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Mexico (Baja California) | C. trinitiensis (1891) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | USA (Oklahoma) | C. howelli, C. trinitiensis (93890) | |
| Albian | Australia (Queensland) | C. concentricum (81522) | |
| Middle Albian | Tunisia | C. minutoalatum, C. semireticulatum (56813) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | USA (Texas) | C. rugosalatum (65725 65736 65738) | |
| Campanian | Morocco | C. sp. (94073) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Antarctica | C. sp. (93956 93960) | |
| Maastrichtian | Argentina (Neuquén) | C. sp., C. translimitares (231995) C. translimitares (231993 232033) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Argentina (Neuquén) | C. inops (232029) | |
| Maastrichtian - Danian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | C. sp. (236599) | |
| Danian | Tunisia (Kef) | C. lekefense (93948) | |
| Danian | Indian Ocean | C. sp. (201913) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Río Negro) | C. rocanum (220768) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Neuquén) | C. bidentinos, C. translimitares (231999 232000) C. hyperdictyon (232005 232007 232008 232009 232010) C. hyperdictyon, C. bidentinos, C. translimitares (232002) C. hyperdictyon, C. translimitares (232004 232006) C. translimitares (232003 232014) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | C. aligerum (191249) C. midwayensis (191250) | |
| Paleocene | Trinidad and Tobago | C. liogluma (94018 94021 94031) | |
| Ypresian | Pakistan (Sindh) | C. montgomeryensis (94120) | |
| Eocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259994) | |
| Eocene | USA (Louisiana) | C. danvillensis (191911 191923 191935) C. montgomeryensis (191908 191912 191913 191914) | |
| Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | C. montgomeryensis (192002 192006) | |
| Eocene - Oligocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259990 259991 259992 259993) | |
| M. aragonensis/M. subbotinae CRZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255324) | |
| Lutetian | Pakistan (Sindh) | C. montgomeryensis (94121 94127) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | C. minutum (93888) | |
| Lutetian | North Atlantic | C. sp. (201903) | |
| NP15 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258509) | |
| M. lehneri PRZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255315 255316 255317 255318 255319 255320 255322) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Texas) | C. virgineum (93896 93897 93898) | |
| Bartonian | Bangladesh | C. reticuloradiata (209195) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | C. variosum (94040) | |
| M. crassatus HOZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255313 255314) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | New Zealand (Canterbury) | C. australopunctatarum, C. cuneatum, C. testudo, C. sp., C. planalatum (161903) | |
| Priabonian | Tonga | C. sp. (43006) | |
| Priabonian | Indian Ocean | C. planalatum (201931) | |
| Priabonian | South Pacific | C. spp. (259769 259770 259771) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Alabama) | C. montgomeryensis (94153 94154 94155 94156 94157) | |
| H. alabamensis HOZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255305 255306 255307 255308 255309 255310) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | C. mexicanum (94169 94171 94172) C. sp. (94170) | |
| Rupelian | Indian Ocean | C. punctatum (201940) | |
| Oligocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259982 259983 259984 259985 259986 259987 259988 259989) | |
| Oligocene | Antarctica | C. litwini (94115) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259979 259980 259981) | |
| Chattian | South Pacific | C. spp. (259766 259767 259768) | |
| NN1 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258506) | |
| Aquitanian | South Africa (North Cape) | C. sp. (37451) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259761 259762 259763 259764 259765) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Cuba (Sancti Spiritus) | C. sp. (31183) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | C. leonensis (93917) C. renzi (93911) C. renzi, C. sp. (93913) C. renzi, C. subreticulatum (93916) | |
| Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259975 259976 259977 259978) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy (Sardinia) | C. bifidum (93940) C. sp. (93941) | |
| Burdigalian | South Africa (North Cape) | C. sp. (37487) | |
| P. sicana LOSZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255304) | |
| P. sicana LOSZ - P. glomerosa LOSZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255303) | |
| P. glomerosa LOSZ - O. suturalis LOZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255302) | |
| Langhian | South Africa (North Cape) | C. sp. (37494) | |
| Middle Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259759 259760) | |
| Middle Miocene - Tortonian | Peru | C. subreticulatum (176144) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (256940) | |
| Serravallian | Poland | C. ascolii, C. nadezdae, C. sagittaeferrum (138847 138850) C. ascolii, C. nadezdae, C. sagittaeferrum, C. vespertilio (138841 138846 138848 138849 138852) C. ascolii, C. sagittaeferrum (138843 138845) C. nadezdae, C. sagittaeferrum (138851) C. sagittaeferrum (138842 138844 138855 138858 138861) | |
| F. robusta/F. fohsi CRSZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255301) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | C. alatum (138333) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (256936 256937 256938 256939) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Colombia (Atlántico) | C. subreticulatum (93901 93903 93905 93907 93908) | |
| NN9 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258504) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | North Atlantic | C. sp. (201900) | |
| NN12 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258494 258496 258497 258498 258499 258500 258501 258502 258503) | |
| NN12 - NN13 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258491 258492 258493) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | C. talquinensis, C. yorktownensis (52582) | |
| Pliocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (257918 257920 257922 257927 257935) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (256935) | |
| NN16 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258489 258490) | |
| Piacenzian | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | C. sp. (91902) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Panama | C. sp. (91912) | |
| Pleistocene | Canada (Ontario) | C. sp. (66093) | |
| Pleistocene | North Pacific | C. sp. (269418) | |
| Pleistocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (256930 256931 256932 256933 256934 259973 259974) | |
| Quaternary | North Pacific | C. spp. (270738) | |
| NN19 | South Pacific | C. spp. (258483 258484 258485 258486) | |
| G. tosaensis HOSZ | South Pacific | C. spp. (255299 255300) | |
| Calabrian | North Pacific | C. sp. (272435) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Iceland | C. sp. (75055) | |
| Holocene | South Pacific | C. spp. (259972) |