PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Krithe

Ostracoda - Podocopida - Cytherideidae

Taxonomy

Krithe was named by Brady et al. (1874) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 167]. It is extant. It was considered unknown by Alexander (1934).

It was assigned to Cytheridae by Alexander (1934); to Podocopida by Sepkoski (2002); to Krithidae by Ayress (1995), Bergue and Govindan (2010), Yamaguchi et al. (2016); and to Krithinae by Hazel and Holden (1971), Bertels (1973), Ceolin et al. (2015), Ceolin et al. (2024).

Species

K. crassicaudata, K. crepidus, K. dolichodeira, K. hiwanneensis, K. perattica, K. prolixa, K. rex, K. rocana, K. trinidadensis, K. vicksburgensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

K. adelspergi, K. bartonensis, K. capensis, K. compressa, K. echolsae, K. guatemalensis, K. oertlii, K. papillosa, K. praetexta, K. producta, K. reversa, K. rutoti, K. spatularis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1874	Krithe Brady et al.
1934	Krithe Alexander
1971	Krithe Hazel and Holden p. 5
1973	Krithe Bertels
1995	Krithe Ayress p. 915
2002	Krithe Sepkoski
2010	Krithe Bergue and Govindan
2015	Krithe Ceolin et al.
2016	Krithe Yamaguchi et al. p. 413 figs. Table 3
2024	Krithe Ceolin et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997

Rank	Name	Author
—	Hymenostraca	(Rolfe 1969)
superclass	Oligostraca	Zrzavý et al. 1997
class	Ostracoda
subclass	Podocopa	Sars 1865
order	Podocopida	Sars 1866
suborder	Sigilliocopina	Martens 1992
superfamily	Cytheroidea	(Baird 1850)
family	Cytherideidae	Sars 1925
subfamily	Krithinae	Mandelstram 1958
genus	Krithe	Brady et al. 1874

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Krithe Brady et al. 1874

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†Krithe crassicaudata van den Bold 1946

†Krithe crepidus Ceolin et al. 2015

†Krithe dolichodeira van den Bold 1946

†Krithe hiwanneensis Howe and Law 1936

†Krithe perattica Alexander 1934

†Krithe prolixa van den Bold 1966

†Krithe rex Dingle et al. 1990

†Krithe rocana Bertels 1973

Krithe trinidadensis van den Bold 1958

†Krithe vicksburgensis Howe and Law 1936

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Environment:

marine, brackish, freshwaterf

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

detritivoreo

Diet 2:

grazero

Vision:

blindg

Created:

2011-06-14 17:57:58

Modified:

2011-06-14 02:58:11

Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Jell and Adrain 2002, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Julian to the top of the Holocene or 237.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 233.6 Ma

Collections (196 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Julian	237.0 - 233.6	Italy	K. sp. (162392)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Argentina (Neuquén)	K. crepidus (231994 231995)
Maastrichtian - Danian	72.2 - 61.66	Argentina (Rio Negro)	K. sp, K. rocana (236521)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Argentina (Neuquén)	K. crepidus (231999 232002 232003 232004) K. rocana (232031)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	North Atlantic	K. sp. (201901)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Tunisia (Kef)	K. echolsae (93948)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.24	USA (Texas)	K. perattica (191364)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (Missouri)	K. perattica (232025)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Trinidad and Tobago	K. guatemalensis (94025 94026 94027 94028 94029 94030 94031)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Belgium (Vlaanderen)	K. rutoti (94039)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Trinidad and Tobago	K. guatemalensis (94022 94023 94024)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	South Pacific	K. spp. (259994)
Eocene - Oligocene	56.0 - 23.04	South Pacific	K. spp. (259990 259991 259992 259993)
M. aragonensis/M. subbotinae CRZ	52.3 - 50.8	South Pacific	K. spp. (255324)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Indian Ocean	K. sp. (201917 201920)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Pakistan (Sindh)	K. rutoti (94125 94126)
Lutetian - Bartonian	48.07 - 37.71	Pakistan (Dera Ismail Khan)	K. sp. (214821)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	Hungary	K. bartonensis (171632 171633)
NP15	46.7 - 43.3	South Pacific	K. spp. (258510)
M. lehneri PRZ	42.3 - 40.5	South Pacific	K. spp. (255315 255317 255319 255320 255322)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Indian Ocean	K. sp. (201924)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	K. bartonensis (42636)
M. crassatus HOZ	40.0 - 38.1	South Pacific	K. spp. (255313 255314)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Southern Ocean	K. sp. 3 (202738) K. sp. 3, K. sp. 7, K. sp. 8 (202740) K. sp. 6, K. sp. 4 (202739)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	New Zealand (Canterbury)	K. sp. (161903)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Indian Ocean	K. sp. (201927 201931)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Tonga	K. sp. (43006)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	South Pacific	K. spp. (259769 259770 259771)
H. alabamensis HOZ	34.3 - 33.8	South Pacific	K. spp. (255305 255306 255307 255308 255310)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Southern Ocean	K. sp. 1, K. sp. 3, K. sp. 4 (202742) K. sp. 4 (202744) K. sp. 5 (202747)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mexico (Veracruz)	K. hiwanneensis (94172) K. hiwanneensis, K. vicksburgensis (94173)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Indian Ocean	K. sp. (201938 201940)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	South Pacific	K. spp. (259982 259983 259984 259985 259986 259987 259988 259989)
Rupelian - Chattian	33.9 - 23.04	Türkiye (Denizli)	K. sp. (110483)
Oligocene - Miocene	33.9 - 5.333	South Pacific	K. spp. (259979 259980 259981)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	South Pacific	K. spp. (259766 259767 259768)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Antigua and Barbuda	K. prolixa (94185)
NN1	23.2 - 22.75	South Pacific	K. spp. (258506 258507 258508)
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	South Africa (North Cape)	K. capensis, K. spatularis (37451)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Trinidad and Tobago	K. producta (93916) K. producta, K. reversa, K. hiwanneensis (93910)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	South Pacific	K. spp. (259761 259762 259763 259764 259765)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Southern Ocean	K. sp. 5 (202755)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	South Pacific	K. spp. (259975 259976 259977 259978)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	India (Gujarat)	K. papillosa (93899)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Türkiye	K. sp. (206197)
P. sicana LOSZ	16.38 - 16.27	South Pacific	K. spp. (255304)
P. sicana LOSZ - P. glomerosa LOSZ	16.38 - 15.1	South Pacific	K. spp. (255303)
P. glomerosa LOSZ - O. suturalis LOZ	16.27 - 14.24	South Pacific	K. spp. (255302)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	South Pacific	K. spp. (259759 259760)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	15.98 - 5.333	South Pacific	K. spp. (256940)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	Poland	K. compressa (138841 138845 138846 138849 138851) K. compressa, K. oertlii (138847 138848 138850 138852 138858)
F. robusta/F. fohsi CRSZ	13.13 - 11.79	South Pacific	K. spp. (255301)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Greece	K. sp. 1 (138336 138584) K. sp. 2 (138333)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Southern Ocean	K. sp. 2 (202758)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	South Pacific	K. spp. (256936 256937 256938 256939 257936 257937 257938 257939 257940)
NN9	10.6 - 9.6	South Pacific	K. spp. (258504 258505)
Messinian - Zanclean	7.246 - 3.6	North Atlantic	K. capensis, K. sp., K. sp. 1, K. rex, K. prolixa (201900) K. sp. 1, K. rex, K. prolixa (201874 201875)
NN12	5.6 - 5.0	South Pacific	K. spp. (258494 258495 258496 258497 258498 258499 258500 258501 258502 258503)
NN12 - NN13	5.6 - 4.0	South Pacific	K. spp. (258491 258492 258493)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Australia (Victoria)	K. producta (166744)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	South Pacific	K. spp. (257917 257918 257919 257920 257922 257923 257924 257926 257927 257928 257929 257930 257931 257932 257933 257934 257935)
Pliocene - Pleistocene	5.333 - 0.0117	South Pacific	K. spp. (256935 257916)
NN16	3.75 - 2.5	South Pacific	K. spp. (258487 258488 258489 258490)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	K. sp. (91902)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Panama	K. spp. (91912)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	South Pacific	K. spp. (256930 256931 256932 256933 256934 259973 259974)
Quaternary	2.58 - 0.0	North Pacific	K. sp. (270738)
NN19	1.9 - 0.42	South Pacific	K. spp. (258483 258484 258485 258486)
G. tosaensis HOSZ	1.88 - 0.61	South Pacific	K. spp. (255299 255300)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	North Pacific	K. sp. (270733 272782 273251)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Italy (Umbria)	K. praetexta (200420)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	South Pacific	K. spp. (259972)